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Table of Content

      
    16 January 2010
    Volume 48 Issue 1
    Articles
    Expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 mRNA and protein in the kidneys in spontaneously hypertensive rats
    WUYi-Na, GE Zhi-Ming, LI Fang, HE Hong, JIANG Hong, ZHANG Yun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  5. 
    Abstract ( 572 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the relationship of ACE2 and blood pressure on expression levels of mRNA and protein in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).  Methods  18 male (12 weeks old) SHRs and 18 male (12 weeks old) Wistar Kyoto(WKY) rats were randomly divided into two groups: the WKYcontrol group(n=18) and the SHR group(n=18). Nine SHRs and nine WKY rats were randomly drawn for detection. After 12 weeks feeding,  other rats were executed for detection. The mRNA expression of ACE2 was determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and the protein level of ACE2 by immunohistochemistry.   Results   (1) SBP in the 12-and 24- weeks old SHR groups was increased compared with that in the WKY group (all P<0.001). SBP in the 24-weeks old SHR group was increased compared with that in the 12-week old SHR group (P<0.01). (2) Expression of ACE2 mRNA in the 12-and 24-weeks old SHR groups was significantly lower than that in the WKY group (all P<0.001) and in the 24-weeks old SHR group was significantly lower than that in the 12-weeks old SHR group (P<0.01). (3) Immunohistochemistry showed that positive reaction of ACE2 protein was all stained brown and found in the kidneys. ACE2 had a uniform distribution of thick brown granules in the WKY group and a comparatively rare distribution by brown granules in the SHR group.  Conclusion There are correlations between the renal expressions of mRNA and protein ACE2 and blood pressure.

    Correlation between serum Apelin and artery atherosclerosis  in early type 2 diabetes mellitus
    CAO Lijun, LIU Jinbo, HOU Xinguo, SUN Yu, JIAO Lei, LI Zhenzuo, YIN Xiaofang, FAN Linlin, ZHANG Liang, CHEN Li
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  4-7. 
    Abstract ( 1082 )   PDF (304KB) ( 281 )   Save
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    Objective  To explore the relationship between serum Apelin levels and atherosclerosis in early type 2 diabetes. Methods  60 type 2 diabetes patients whose disease duration was less than 3 years were recruited. Their jugular artery,common iliac artery and femoral artery were examined using color Doppler ultrasonography.According to the results,the patients were divided into the non-plaque group and the plaque group. Thirty-two age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Besides routine biochemical examination,enzyme-like immunosorbent assaywas used to determine fasting serum Apelin levels of all the people. All the results were statistically analyzed. Results  Serum Apelin levels in the patients were significantly higher than those in the normal control group(P<0.05);serum Apelin levels were significantly higher in the non-plaque group than those in the plaque group(P<0. 05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the serum Apelin level was mainly influenced by the insulin resistance index and serum cholesterol level, while logistic regression showed that the serum Apelin level may be a protective factor of atherosclerosis in early type 2 diabetes patients. Conclusion  In early type 2 diabetes,low serum Apelin level may be a predictor of atherosclerosis, and Apelin may be an inhibitory factor for atherosclerosis.

    umorigenicity and invasion of side population in human ovarian epithelial cancer OVCAR3 cells
    WANG Wei, WANG Yi-Feng, ZHANG Ling-Mei, LIN Qiong-Yan, HUANG Ju
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  8-11. 
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    Objective   To isolate side population(SP)cells from human ovarian epithelial cancer OVCAR3 cells and to study their tumorigenicity and invasion.  Methods  Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 dye efflux assay were used to isolate SP cells and non-SP cells from the OVCAR3 cell line of human ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Tumorigenicity of the two subpopulations was observed by a soft agar cloning method and sphere-forming assay. Invasiveness was measured by a Transwell experiment.  Results  The proportion of SP cells excluding Hoechst 33342 dye in the OVCAR3 cells was 13.1%, by addition of verapamil, it was 1.8%, which was greatlydecreased. CFE of SP and non-SP was 46.17%±23.27% and 6.17%±3.06%,respectively(P<0.05). SP cells formed cell spheres in serum-free culture, but non-SP cells  did not. The cell number that infiltrated the Transwell membrane in the SP group(215.9±30.9) was significantly higher than that in the non-SP group (60.9±10.5).  Conclusion  Human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR3 contains a small subpopulation of cells excluding Hoechst 33342 dye that exhibits high tumorigenicity and invasion potential,indicating that SP cells have played a principal role in ovarian carcinoma cell proliferation and invasiveness.

    Relationship between plasma omentin-1,visfatin and atherosclerosis in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients
    JIAO Lei, LIU Jinbo, LING Mingying, CAO Lijun, HOU Xinguo, SUN Yu,LI Zhenzuo, YIN XiaoFang, ZHANG Liang, FAN Linlin, CHEN Li
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  8. 
    Abstract ( 1083 )   PDF (305KB) ( 300 )   Save
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    Objective  To determine plasma omentin-1 and visfatin levels of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients and type 2 diabetes patients with artery atheromatous plaques, and to explore the relationship between plasma omentin-1,visfatin level and diabetes with atherosclerosis. Methods  66 newly diagnosed type2 diabetes subjects were divided into the artery atheromatous plaques group(AAP group, n=34) and the no artery atheromatous plaques group(nAAP group, n=32)by artery ultrasonography of the carotid, femoral and iliac artery. Another 32 healthy subjects were included as normal controls. ELISA technique was used to determine plasma omentin-1 and visfatin, and demographic and metabolic indicators were detected in the three groups.Statistical analysis was used to reveal the relationship between plasma omentin-1,visfatin level and diabetes with atherosclerosis. Results  The concentration of plasma omentin-1 was decreased and visfatin was increased in the type 2 diabetes mellitus group compared with those in the control group(P<0.05), and the concentration of plasma omentin-1 was decreased in the AAP group compared with that in the nAAP group(P<0.05), but the difference of the concentration of plasma visfatin between the AAP  group and the nAAP group was not significant(P>0.05). Plasma omentin-1 level was negatively correlated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol,wight,body mass index,waist circumference, hip circumference and the natural logarithm of fasting blood glucose(P<0.05). Plasma visfatin level was positively correlated with age, the natural logarithm of fasting insulin, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, the natural logarithm of insulin resistance indexand the natural logarithm of fasting blood glucose(P<0.05). Conclusion  Plasma omentin-1 and visfatin are closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus and plasma omentin-1 is significantly related to the occurrence and development of  the atherosclerosis of early type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    Protection of PGE2 against intestinal mucosa injuries in obstructed jaundice rats
    ZHU Lin, HU San-Yuan, ZHANG Guang-Yong, DING Xiang-Jiu
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  12. 
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    Objective  To explore the effect of PGE2 on damage of intestinal mucosa in obstructed jaundice rats.  Methods A total of 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into the obstructive jaundice group (A group, n=10), the obstructive jaundice recanalization group (B group, n=10), the obstructive jaundice PGE2 intervention group (C group, n=10), the obstructive jaundice recanalization and PGE2 intervention group (D group, n=10) and the shamoperation group (E group, n=10). Obstructive jaundice models were established by direct ligation. The re-canalization group was  used reperfusion catheterization. PGE2 was used one week after ligation, and materials were drawn at 1 week after reperfusion for observation of morphological changes in the rat small intestine.  Results Scores in small intestinal injury of the PGE2 intervention group (2.21±0.75) and scores in small intestine injury of the recanalization group (2.05±0.71), were less than  the obstructive jaundice group (5.26±0.57, P<0.05).  Conclusion Small intestinal mucosa of obstructive jaundice rats was markedly impaired. PGE2 and surgical re-canalization may reduce the injury but they have no synergic effect.

    Investigation of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c control and  its influencing factors in type 2 diabetic patients
    YIN Xiaofang, HOU Xinguo, SUN Yu, JIAO Lei, LIU Qinghong,MA Aixia, FAN Linlin, ZHANG Liang, CAO Lijun, CHEN Li
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  12-16. 
    Abstract ( 1041 )   PDF (817KB) ( 507 )   Save
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    Objective  To evaluate glycosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) control andits influencing factors in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM) patients, and analyze the association of HbA1c control with diabetic complications. Methods    A cross-sectional study was carried out in 353 T2DM outpatients and inpatients from our hospital. A questionnaire interview was used by trained surveyors to collect data on general characters, self-management, therapy, complications, blood glucose and HbA1c. The patients were divided into group A (HbA1c<6.5%) and group B(HbA1c≥6.5%). Results  ① Group A accounted for 22.1%. ②The prevalence rates of cerebrovascular diseases and diabetic retinopathy were significantly higher in group B than in  group A(P<0.001,P=0.008, respectively). ③The rates of bloodglucose examination(≥4 times per month) and HbA1c examining(≥3 times per year) were 39.3% and 10.8% respectively, and only 5.8% of the patients accepted the above two mentioned examinations. The rates of patients who were knowledgeable about DM, controlled diet and took regular exercises were 35.4%, 31.4% and 53.1%,respectively. Conclusion  The present rate of good HbA1c control was low in T2DM patients, which can be associated with the occurrence of diabetic complications. The current situation of self-management is not satisfactory, so it is necessary to have more rigorous individual diabetic health education to improve HbA1c control, especially in the management of monitoring blood glucose, examining HbA1c, diet control and regular exercises.

    onstruction and identification of the expression vector of
    NT4-SAC-HA2-TAT fusion gene
    ZHANG Shi-Bao, LIU Qing-Yong, RUAN Xi-Yun, CHEN Jie, ZHANG Jian-Jun, LI Zong-Wu, YANG Guang-Xiao, WANG Quan-Ying
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  15-19. 
    Abstract ( 533 )   Save
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    Objective To construct the prokaryocyte expression vector bearing fusion gene NT4-SAC-HA2-TATand lay a foundation for further study on the genetic therapy of prostate cancer.  Methods  By means of asymmetrical primer/template, the fragment encoding SAC was gained by the PCR method. Then the SAC/NaeI, KpnI and HA2-TAT/KpnI, and Xho I were cloned into recombinant vector pBV220-NT4/NaeI,SalI and the recombinant plasmid pBV220-NT4-SAC-HA2-TATwas obtained. The fragment NT4-SAC-HA2-TATobtained was amplified by PCR. Then the fragment was easily cloned into vector pGEM-T and was sequenced by the dideoxy-mediated chain-termination method. The cloned NT4-SAC-HA2-TATcDNA was compared with the GeneBank sequence by the DNASIS.  Results By DNA sequencing, the sequence of SAC was obtained which included NaeI andKpnI restriction enzyme sites by pcr. The fusion gene NT4-SAC-HA2-TATwas successfully sub-cloned into pBV220.  Conclusion   The recombinant vector pBV220-NT4-SAC-HA2-TATwas successfully constructed. These results lay the foundation for further research of using fusion genes to treat prostate cancer.

    Comparison of different non-viral transfection methods for GFP plasmid expression in the liver of mice
    CHEN Feng1, HE Shengsong1, WU Meimei1, QIU Rongyuan1, YANG Kaikai1, WANG Peng2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  17-20. 
    Abstract ( 1473 )   PDF (641KB) ( 657 )   Save
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    Objective  To compare the transfection efficiency and expression intensity of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter gene in the liver of mice by using three non-viral transfection methods, i.e., hydrodynamic injection, portal vein injection and peritoneal injection.  Methods  The naked GFPplasmids or liposome encapsulated plasmids were injected via the tail vein or portal vein or abdominal cavity of different mice with homogeneity. The blood and the liver were harvested 48 h after injection, and the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)and total bilirubin (TB) were detected in serum. Also, expression intensity of GFP was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Results  Of the three transfection methods employed, hydrodynamic gene delivery and portal vein injection conferred a stronger expression of GFP with a similar transfection efficiency (P>0.05). However, after encapsulation by liposomes, the expression level of GFP was significantly higher than that of naked plasmid DNA.Conclusion  High level gene expression in mouse liver can be achieved by hydrodynamic injection or portal vein injection of liposome encapsulated plasmid DNA, and hepatic delivery of the foreign gene can be accomplished by hydrodynamics-based injection.

    Effect of ethanol on expression of connexin 43 in primary culture of neural precursor cells
    SUN Tao, ZHANG Dao-Lai, XIE Shan-Shan, WANG Yu-Zhuo, FENG Yu-Xin, XIN Hua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  20. 
    Abstract ( 771 )   Save
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     Objective To investigate expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in neural precursor cells (NPCs) and to explore the effect of ethanol on its expression.  Methods Primary adherent cultures of NPCs isolated from the brain of embryonic rats at pregnancy 14d were used in this study. After observing morphology of cells and identifying purity of the NPCs, we investigated expression of Cx43 by an immunofluorescence technique. Then, we studied the influence of ethanol on expression of Cx43 and on function of gap junctions by Westernblot and Scrapeloadingdye in cell injury models induced by ethanol.  Results The positive rate of NPCs in primary cultures that had been cultured by an adherent culture method for 7 days was 86.74%. Immunofluorescence technique showed that NPCs expressed Cx43. Westernblot showed that expression level of Cx43 gradually decreased with an increase of ethanol concentration. Scrapeloading dye revealed that ethanol inhibited the function of gap junctions.  Conclusion NPCs cultured by an adherent culture method strongly express Cx43. Ethanol inhibits the function of gap junctions by decreasing expression level of Cx43. The inhibitory effect is increased with an increase of ethanol concentration.

    Cellular apoptosis of C6 glioma induced by realgar in vitro
    WANG Hanbin1,2, PANG Qi2, FU Zhuang1, ZHAO Guangyu2 DING Feng2, LUAN Liming2, GUO Hua2, XU Jiajun2, XU Shangchen2 
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  21. 
    Abstract ( 1047 )   PDF (674KB) ( 319 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the effects of realgar on C6 glioma and its possible mechanisms concerning cell apoptosis in vitro. Methods  Rat C6 glioma cells were cultured under standard conditions. Realgar solution was used at several concentrations on glioma cells for 24?h and 48?h. The inhibitory effect was observed by MTT, microscopy and TEM. FCM was used to detect the apoptos is of glioma cells after Annexin V- FITC-II double staining, and RT-PCT was used for the detection of the three apoptosis genes. Results  The MTT method showed gradient cell growth inhabitation at gradient concentrations. Cell apoptosis wasobserved via microscope and TEM. Annexin V-FITC-PI double staining showed the apoptosis rate of realgar at 25?mg/L after 24?h and 48?h was (10.13±3.14)% and (41.04±17.44)% respectively, which was significantly different from that of the control group. The up-regulation of Bax mRNA and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and c-myc mRNA were also observed by RT-PCR. Conclusion  The effectsof realgar on C6 glioma are positively time- and concentration-related. This phenomenon is related to apoptosis induced by realgar. The up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2 and c-myc maybe play important roles in the process.

    An animal model of osteoarthritis on the temporomandibular joint
    ZHAO Li-Xing, SONG Dai-Hui, WEI Kui-Jie, YIN Kai
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  25-27. 
    Abstract ( 916 )   Save
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    Objective To develop an animal model of the total temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis in rabbits.  Methods Eight New Zealand white rabbits were selected. The upper and lower compartments of the right TMJ of the white rabbits was injected with 0.2mL 2% papain. Three days later, the same amount of papain was injected at the same place, and the left TMJ was used as a control. The animals were killed on the 1st, 3rd and 5th week. The TMJ and the nearby tissues were cut off and then the TMJ was pathologically examined.  Results Under light microscopy, in the early stage serious osteoarthritis that had happened on the rightTMJ was found one week after treatment and the pathological changes were significant in the temporal surface, disc and condyle. The cartilage was potholed and the stratum fibrosum was denuded, and the collagen fiber was loosened and fragmented in the later stage.  Conclusion   Papain injected into the upper and lower compartments of the TMJ is efficient to make a retrograde model of TMJ, and this method is simple and repeatable.

    Interventional effects of Captopril and Oxymatrine on anti-cardiac myosin antibody expression in mice with chronic viral myocarditis
    FANG Yanni, GUO Chunyan, WANG Yi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  25-29. 
    Abstract ( 1237 )   PDF (558KB) ( 263 )   Save
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    Objective  To observe the expression of anti-cardiac myosin antibody(AMA) in mice with chronic viral myocarditis (CVMC), and to compare the interventional effects of Captopril and Oxymatrine. Methods  Balb/c mice (n=60) were infect with CVB-3 at days 0, 14,28 to establish CVMC models. The volumes of CVB-3 were 0.20, 0.25and 0.30?mL respectively. A normal control group (n=8) received an equal-volume normal saline without CVB3 at the same time. The mice that survived in the CVMC model group were randomly divided into the CVMC control group(n=8), the Captopril therapy group (n=8) and the Oxymatrine therapy group(n=8) at day 42. From then on, the Captopril therapy group and the Oxymatrine therapy group were separately treated with Captopril and Oxymatrine at a dose of 100?mg/kg, by gastric perfusion once a day for 28 days and the CVMC control group and the normal control group received an equalvolume normal saline by gastric perfusion every day, for 4 successive weeks. All mice were sacrificed at day 70. The heart was weighed and the heart weight to body weight ratio was calculated.Heart slides were separately stained with haematoxylineosin (HE) andcollagen specific Picric acid-Sirius red staining, and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was calculated with image analysis software.The AMA (optical density value, OD value) in serum was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and divided into two groups (the OD value >〖AKx-D]+2s was positive, and <〖AKx-D]+2s was negative). Results  Compared with the normal control group, the heartweight to body weight ratio, CVF levels and the OD value of AMA were significantly increased in the CVMC control group(all P<0.01). Compared with the CVMC control group, the heart weight to body weight ratio, CVF levels and the OD value of AMA were significantly decreased in the Captopril therapy group and the Oxymatrine therapy group(P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05 respectively). Compared with the AMA negative group, the heart weight to body weight ratio,CVF levels and the OD value of AMA were significantly increased in the AMA-positive group(all P<0.01). Conclusion  Expression of AMA in serum of CVMC mice increased. Captropril and Oxymatrine may down-regulate AMA expression, and inhibit myocardial remodeling.

    Developmental expression of NMDAR1 subunit on cultured cerebral cortical neurons of fetal rats in vitro
    ZHANG Dao-Lai, SUN Tao, XIE Shan-Shan, WANG Yu-Zhuo, ZHAO Ling, FENG Yu-Xin, XIN Hua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  28-32. 
    Abstract ( 980 )   Save
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    Objective To investigate developmental expression of NMDAR1(NR1) subunit on cultured cerebral cortical neurons of fetal rats in vitro.  Methods  Cerebral cortical neurons were primarily cultured from pregnant 14~15d fetal rats.Purity of neurons and location of NR1 subunit were identified by immunofluorescence, and expression of NR1 subunit was determined by flow cytometry and Western blot.  Results The purity of neurons was more than 90%. Immunofluorescence showed that NR1 subunit is mainly located on the membrane of neuronic bodies and dendritic stems. Flow cytometry showed that average fluorescence intensity of NR1 subunit on 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 6d, 9d, and 12d was 4.57±0.99, 8.18±1.22, 13.67±1.99, 20.33±1.03, 26.30±2.88, 31.71±2.47, and 28.63±1.40,respectively. Western blot showed that the membrane protein NR1 subunit expression was weak on 1-2d, and gradually strengthened on 3-6d, then remained stably.  Conclusion Expression of NR1 subunit on cultured cerebral cortical neurons of fetal rats has developmental changes, which is related to neuronic maturity.

    Biocompatibility between neuroepithelial stem cells and chitosan fibers
    FANG Peng1, LI Zhenhua1, YANG Kun2, ZHANG Jing1, LIU Wenjing1, QI Xiaoxia1, YANG Shuhua1, SUN Jinhao1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  30-33. 
    Abstract ( 1053 )   PDF (455KB) ( 340 )   Save
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    Objective  To explore the biocompatibility between neuroepithelial stem cells (NEPs) and chitosan fibers, and to observe whether the NEP stem cells are able to proliferate and differentiate on chitosan fibers. Methods  Neural-tube-derived NEPs were seeded on chitosan fibers in vitro. MTT assay was used to determine the biocompatibility of chitosan fibers. A light and scanning electronic microscope was performed to examine the growth and survival. Immunocytochemical staining was used to examine the differentiation of NEPs. Results  NEPs survived well on the surface of chitosan fibers, furthermore, they firmly attached to the chitosan fibers and differentiated into neurons and glia.  Conclusion  Chitosan fibers have excellent biocompatibility with NEPs, which offers a possible substitute for repairing peripheral nerve injury.

    PLGA membrane in prevention of epidural scar adhesions after the operations: an empirical study
    LI Yan-Meng, LI Dong-Qing, CHEN Peng, ZHANG Ke-Feng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  33. 
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    Objective  To explore the prophylactic function of a newly produced, absorbable PLGA membrane in the prevention ofepidural scar adhesions after laminectomy.  Methods  36 adult New Zealand male rabbits which had under gone resection of the L6 vertebral plates were divided them into 3 groups: the defects of vertebral plate were covered with PLGA membrane (group A), gelatin sponge (group B) and saline solution (group C). Morphological changes of the scar were grossly and histologically observed on  week 2, 4 and 8 after the operations, and also the ultra-structures were  observed.  Results  Compared with the blank group, the PLGA membrane obviously reduced epidural adhesions; at an early stage, the gelatin sponge formed a physicobarrier, which lessened the epidural scar formation, as well as the PLGA membrane, but it latter made the adhesions even worse.  Conclusion  The PLGA membrane can lessen epidural scar adhesions without interfering in cutting edge healing.

    Expressions of bFGF in rabbits′ periodontium under  different orthodontic forces
    ZHANG Liao1, ZHUGE Chungeng1, MEI Yinsheng2, ZHANG Jun2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  34-37. 
    Abstract ( 903 )   PDF (408KB) ( 267 )   Save
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    Objective  To research expression and distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in periodontium by establishing orthodontic tooth movement model of rabbits and to analyze the role of bFGF in orthodontic tooth movement. Methods  The orthodontic tooth movement model of rabbits was established. [JP2]10g, 50g and 100g forces were respectively exerted on the three experimental groups until the animals were executed one week later. Then, the first molar and periodontium specimens were taken out, and immunohistochemical staining (HI-SABC method) was performed and the results were compared. Results  The staining result of  the control group was weakly positive. A significant difference was only found between the 50g force group and the control group among the multiple comparisons. Conclusion  Suitable orthodontic force could enhance expression of bFGF in  the periodontium. bFGF may participate in orthodontic tooth movement and promote the repairing and rebuilding of the periodontium.

    Protective effects of shuxuening injecta on vascular  endothelial  cell injury in vitro due to iodine excesses
    WANG Xiao-Lei, ZHANG Hai-Thao, ZHANG Hui, GUO Cheng-Hao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  38. 
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    Objective  To explore the protective effects of shuxuening injecta on cultured vascular endothelial cell injury due to iodine excesses.  Methods  HUVEC was cultured to 24h with iodine (4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 8.0μmol/L) and shuxuening injecta (0, 2, 5, and 10μL/mL). Morphology and number of HUVEC, and the MTT activities and superoxide dismutase(SOD) of the culture medium on 4, 8, 12, and24 h were determined.  Results  1. Poison granules were found in the endothelium of the 5.0μmol/L groups and increased with an increase of time and dose of iodine. The above was significantly alleviated in the shuxuening groups and decreased with an increase of time and dose of shuxuening(P<0.05). 2. With an increase of dose and over time of shuxuening, the iodine dose to inhibit the cell growth was increased(P<0.05). 3. SOD activity positively correlated with iodine dose and was not changed in the shuxuening group(P<0.05).   Conclusion   Shuxuening injecta can counteract injury due to iodine excesses in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Shuxuening may enhance cell anti-oxidization so as to reduce injury induced by iodine excess.

    Distribution features of chimerism induction of allogeneic bone marrow cells in rats
    SUN Pei1,2, GAO Qingzhen2, REN Wanjun2, ZHANG Ruibin2, WANG Xiaoping2, LIU Zidong2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  38. 
    Abstract ( 1157 )   PDF (365KB) ( 347 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the distributionand the chimerism features after infusion of allogeneic bone marrow cells (BMCs) in rats. Methods  BMCs of SD rats were PKH26 labeled and 5×10-7 cells were infused to Wistar rats via the portal or inferior vena cava. Rapamycin was injected daily from day 0 to 4 after surgery. On day 7 and 14,the recipient rats were sacrificed and the blood, the BMCs, the thymus, the livers, the spleens, and the lymph nodes were collected. The lymphocytes of these organs were separated and then were analyzed by flow cytometry to detect the PKH26 labeled BMCs. The smear of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, the smear BMCs,and frozen tissue sections of the thymus, lymph nodes, the livers, and the spleens were observed with a fluorescence microscope. Results  Both flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that BMCs injection induced mixed chimerism in adopted Wistar rat organs of the thymus, the liver, the spleen, and the lymphnode. The chimerism level was higher when injected via the portal vein than viathe inferior vena cava. Fluorescence microscopy detected the distribution features of PKH26 labeled cells in those organs, and indicated that donor BMCs can differentiate in those organs and be finally eliminated in the spleens. Conclusion  BMCs infusion can induce mixed chimerism in recipient organs with different distribution features, and portal vein infusion is a more effective strategy than inferior vena cava infusion.

    Classification of 31P MRS data for hepatocellular carcinoma
    WANG Shao-Qing, LIU Yi-Hui, FU Ting-Ting, CHENG Jin-Yong, LIU Qiang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  42-46. 
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    Objective  To distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis and normal liver tissues using 31P MRS.  Methods  Using a 1.5T superconducting MR scanner, 31P MRSdata of 66 effective voxel samples were collected from 33 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis and normal liver volunteers.  The BP neural network and SVM model experiments were used to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cirrhosis and normal liver tissues.  Results Limited samples achieved a good classification performance. Back-propagation neural network (BP)and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models can improve identification rates of 31P MRSto 92.31%.  Conclusion  31P MRSdata analysis based on BP and SVM for in vivo diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma provides a valuable optional technology.

    Oxidation and neurological injury in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rates and the effect of propofol
    TAN Haibo1, YU Lingzhi1, BIAN Wen2, ZHANG Wenjia1, ZHANG Gang1, ZHANG Na1, SHI Xiufang1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  41-44. 
    Abstract ( 1087 )   PDF (355KB) ( 162 )   Save
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    Objective  To study serum oxidation level andneurological injury in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats and the influences of propofol on them. Methods   Eighty-eight rats were randomly divided into three groups:the sham operation group(n=8), the cerebral ischemia reperfusion model group(n=40) and the propofol(100?mg/kg) group(n=40).  Cerebral ischemia reperfusion models were established inSDrats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) according to the advanced Zea Longa′s method. The neurological deficit score of the rats,infarct area of the brain and levels of SOD and MDA in serum were measured with absorption spectrometry at 6h, 24h, 2d, 4d and 7?d after reperfusion.Results  Compared with the model group, the propofol group decreased in the infarct area of the brain. The neurological function deficit score at 24?h or 2?d after reperfusion was also significantly lower(P<0.05) in the propofol group. At the same time, the serum MDA level decreased while SOD activity increased in the propofol group(P<0.05). Conclusions   MDA increases while SOD activity decreases after cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Propofol can effectively suppress the production of lipid peroxidation and MDA, facilitate the production of SOD and decrease the infarct area of the brain,so it reduces neurological injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion.

    Effects of lectin receptors of WGA,RCA and ECL on the development of cleft palate induced by excess retinoid acid in KM mice
    DUAN Chu-Hong, LIU Kai, YIN Hai-Yan, ZHAO Shi-Dou, LIU Feng-Tao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  47. 
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    Objective To explore the effects of lectin receptors of WGA, RCA and ECL on cleft palate induced by excess retinoid acid in KM mice. Methods Both in malformed embryos induced by excess retinoid acid (the test group) and normal KM mice (the control group), expressions of lectin receptors of WGA, RCA and ECL in the epithelium of palatal shelves and the mesenchyma were determined by affinity histochemistry using biotin-marked corresponding lectins. Results Expression levels of the three lectin receptors in the epithelium of palatal shelves in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group. But they were not differently significant in the mesenchyma between the test and control groups. Conclusion Down-regulated expressions of lectin receptors of WGA, RCA and ECL in the epithelium of palatal shelves are closely related to the development of cleft palate induced by excess retinoid acid in KM mice.

    Effect of excess iodine on coagulation function in rats
    GUO Xueqin1, YANG Qun2, ZHANG Hui3, ZHANG Juan4, BIAN Jianchao5, YANG Xiaoxia5, GUO Chenghao1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  45-47. 
    Abstract ( 1134 )   PDF (344KB) ( 332 )   Save
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    Objective  To observe the dose-effect relation between excess iodine and coagulation function in rats. Methods  Wistar strain rats were divided into four groups: the normal diet and water group(NI), the normal diet and 10-fold iodine group(10HI), the normal diet and 50-fold iodine group(50HI), andthe normal diet and 100-fold iodine group(100HI). Body weights were determined weekly. After 6 months, blood was taken from the eyeball vein and then PT-Time, PT-INR, APTT, TT, Fbg-Time, Fbg-c, AT3:A, and D-dimer were determined by the  Sysmex CA7000 automated blood coagulation analyzer. Results  PT, PT-INR, Fbg-time, TT, APTT, and AT3: A were decreased while the number of Fbg-c was significantly increased in the 10HI group compared with the NI group(PT, PT-INR, Fbgtime,AT3: A:P<0.05: TT, APTT, Fbg-c P<0.01) PT-time, PT-INR, Fbg-time, TT, and APTT significantly increased while Fbg-c significantly decreased in the 50I and 100I groups comparing with the normal control group (except for Fbg-Time, TT and Fbg-c in the 50HI group P<0.05;the other blood coagulation indexes in the 50?HI and 100?HI groups, P<0.01)Conclusion  Appropriate excess iodine can promote blood coagulation of rats, however, with an increase of concentration of iodine, blood hypocoagulability is decreased.

    Angiogenesis and maturation of hepatocellular carcinoma
    YU De-Xin, CAEI Ti-Gong, MA Xiang-Xing, ZHANG Xiao-Ming, LI Chuan-Fu
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  51-54. 
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    Objective:To explore the effect of angiogenesis and its maturation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on biological behavior. Methods In thirty-one cases of HCC proved by surgery and pathology two sections from the tumor periphery and center area were removed. Continuous slices were stained with immunohistochemistry of five antibodies against VEGF, Flk-1, PCNA, CD34 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). Expressions of VEGF, Flk-1, and PCNA, vessel numbers, mean area, overall area, circumference, diameter, distance between adjacent vessels (DAV), and variety index of microvessels and mature vessels were counted. The arterioles and veinlets, mature vessel index and mean perfused fraction (mPF) were also calculated. The relationships between the above vascular parameters and diameter, Edmondson′s grade, capsule of HCC and cirrhosis were analyzed. Results There were differences in the overall area of micro-vessels and mature vessels among different diameters of the lesions (P<0.05). The mPF gradually became higher with the increase of Edmondson′s grade, and a statistical difference was found (F=3.452, P=0.049). The mean area, circumference, diameter and DAV of mature vessels were more in tunicary lesions than in non-encapsulated ones (P<0.05). Also, the variety index of mature vessels was higher in the invasive group than in the non-invasive one (t=2.260, P=0.039). No differences in any vascular parameters were shown between the cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Some behavior of HCC may depend more on the mature vessels than on the micro-vessels.

    Gene expression in the human ovarian cancer cell line after transfection with PDCD4
    JIANG Yang, ZHANG Xia, WANG Xiaoyan, LIU Fengming, SONG Xingguo, ZHANG Li ning
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  48. 
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    Objective  To investigate the changes of the gene expressive profile of the human ovarian cancer cell line (SKOV3) after transfection with PDCD4. Methods  The human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was transfected with plasmids (pDsRed2-N1 and pDsRed2-N1-PDCD4) by using lipofectamine transfection reagent. SKOV3 cells stably expressing PDCD4 were established. Changes of the gene expression were analyzed by using gene chip technology. The related gene expression was detected by RT-PCR to confirm the results of the gene chip. Results  PDCD4 transfection induce widespread changes of the gene expressive profile of the human ovarian cancer cellline SKOV3. The chip data suggested that there were 467 differentially expressed genes, in which 255 genes were up-regulated and 212 genes were down-regulated. Five of the differentially expressed genes were detected by RT-PCR, which was consistent with the chip data. Conclusion  Gene chip technology was successfully used to screen the genes differentially expressed in the human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 transfected with PDCD4. This study provides laboratory evidence for further studying the tumor suppression mechanism of PDCD4.

    Canceration of chronic anal fistula
    LV Yan-Feng, DING Ke, WANG Jian-Xin, YU Hua-Long, BEI Shao-Sheng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  55-57. 
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    Objective To comprehend the clinical pathological characters of carcinomatous changes in chronic anal fistula. Methods  One typical case of chronic anal fistula with carcinomatous changes treated in our department was analyzed, and the diagnostic and therapeutic experiences from nineteen cases were reviewed. Result  Stimuli by recurrent chronic inflammation were the primary motivation for canceration of anus fistula. Conclusion  Carcinomatous changes in chronic anal fistula grow slowly and can easily be neglected, so they should be timely determined by histopathological examination.

    Inhibitory effect of Gefitinib on hormone independent prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo
    CHEN Weiguo1, LONG Huimin2, HOU Jianquan1, PU Jinxian1, YAN Chun yin1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  52-55. 
    Abstract ( 1071 )   PDF (558KB) ( 377 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the inhibitory effect of Gefitinib in the treatment of hormone independent prostate cancer (HIPC) in vitro and in vivo Methods  The HIPC cell line PC-3 was treated with Gefitinib indifferent concentrations for 24-120?h, and then the cellinhibition ratio (CIR) was measured with MTT and expression levels of proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen aetivatedprotein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) were determined by Western blot. Results  The inhibitoryeffect of Gefitinib on PC-3 cells′ growth showed a time and density- dependence, and the ideal inhibitory concentration and time were 5?ng/mL and 72?h, in which the CIR of PC-3 cells was 50%-60%. Compared with the control group, expression levels of protein EGFR and Akt were significantly decreased by 70.44% and 59.01% in PC-3 cells in the Gefitinib group; expression levels of MAPK and PKC was decreased by 34.83% and 33.40%. In an in vivo experiment, compared with the control group, the growth of HIPC tumors in the Gefitinib group was significantly inhibited by 53.95%.Conclusion  Gefitinib could significantly induce inhibitory effects on growth of HIPC in vitro- and in vivo by down-regulation of expressions of EGFR and its intra-cellular effective proteins Akt in PC-3 cells.

    Expression of serum DKK-1 in esophageal cancer
    LI Bo-Bo, LI Dao-Tang, LIU Shu-Guang, WANG Xing-Wu
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  58-61. 
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    Objective To explore expression of DKK-1 in esophageal cancer and its clinical significance. Methods Serum DKK-1 was determined by sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(Elisa) in 80 patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer and in 35 healthy subjects.Sensitivities of serum DKK-1, CEA and CYFRA21-1 in esophageal squamous cell cancer were analyzed. Results Serum DKK-1 level in  patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer was significantly higher than that of healthy subjects(P<0.001).Based on the highest value of medicine reference of DKK-1(14.54 ng/ml),its sensitivity and specificity were 66.25% and 82.86%. There was a significant difference in sensitivity between esophageal cancers and healthy subjects(P<0.01).Serum DKK-1 in esophageal squamous cell cancers was associated  with tumor size, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05), but not associated with gender, age and differentiation grade(P>0.05). Sensitivity of DKK-1(66.25%) was significantly higher than that of CEA and CYFRA21-1 (39.44%,25.35%,P<0.01). Conclusion  DKK-1 plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of esophageal cancer and may be a new tumor marker or an important index in diagnosis of esophageal cancer.

    Effects of music therapy on immune functions in asthma rats
    LIU Meng1, LU Yanxia1, JIANG Hong1, SHI Shousen2, YANG Lejin1, LIU Xin1, ZHANG Qian1, PAN Fang1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  56. 
    Abstract ( 957 )   PDF (275KB) ( 285 )   Save
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     Objective  To explore the effects of music therapy on the levels of cortisol (CORT), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in stressed asthma rats. Methods  Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, the asthma group, the stressed asthma group and the music group. Rats sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) were exposed to OVA with a repeated restraint stress. Mozart Sonata K.448 was used to reverse the impairment of the stress. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last OVA-inhalation challenge. Content of CORT, IL-4 and IL-1β was evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA).Results  Compared with the control group, the sensitized groups exhibited an increased IL-4 level(P<0.05). Music decreased the IL-4 level compared with the stressed asthma group(P<0.05). CORT of the stressed asthma group was higher than that of the music group and the control group(P<0.05). The IL-1β level of the stressed asthma group had significantly depressive changes in contrast to the controls(P<0.05). Conclusion  Psychological stress modifiesthe allergic airway responses. Music therapy could improve the immunity of rats and alleviates thesymptoms of asthma, which is possibly produced by reducing the release of endogenous cortisol and suppressing the activation of Th2 cells, and thus reducing the synthesis of IL-4.

    Differential diagnosis of Graves′ disease and Hashimoto′s thyroiditis by different types peak systolic velocity of the superior thyroid artery
    XU Ping, YU Guo-Fang, LI Xia
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  62-64. 
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    Objective To explore the values of peak systolic velocity (PSV) (PSV left, PSV right, PSV max, PSV min, and PSV mean)of the superior thyroid artery in differential diagnosis of Graves′ disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). Methods 19 patients with GD, 18 patients with HT and 20 normal people were subjected to 2D and color Doppler ultrasound examination to obtain PSV of bilateral superior thyroid arteries and conclude the mean PSV of the two sides. Sensitivities and specificities of different types PSV in differential diagnosis of GD and HT were analyzed using ROC curves. Results There were statistic differences between any two groups in the value of PSVleft, PSVright,  PSVmax, PSVmin and PSVmean, but only the area under the curve of PSVmean and PSVmax was more than 0.9. Their cut-off points were 71cm/s and 85cm/s, and sensitivities and specificities were as follows: PSVmean:94.7%, 83.3%; PSVmax:89.5%, 88.9%. Conclusions PSVmax and PSVmean have high diagnostic accuracies. We can only measure one side PSV value when the first side is over 85cm/s and must measure both when the first side is below 85cm/s.

    Total splenectomy prevents the increase of islet beta cells in pregnant mice
    ZHU Xiaobo, SONG Guiqin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  59-62. 
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    Objective  To explore whether the spleen can affect the increase of isletβ cell mass in pregnant mice. Methods  40 female KM mice, aged7 weeks, were divided into four groups: the splenectomized pregnant group, the sham pregnant group, the splenectomized control group and the sham control group without pregnancy. Fasting bloodglucose was measured in different study periods. After parturition, the pancreas tissue was obtained from various groups of mice and immunohistochemically stained for  β cell mass measurement using an image analysis system. Islet and spleen cells isolated from mice were purified and co-cultured in Transwell. The proliferation of islet cells was measured following CCK-8treatment by an enzyme-labeling instrument at 490?nm. Results  There was a significant increase of islet β cell mass in the sham pregnant group compared with that in the sham control group(11.89mg±2.83mg vs 7.03mg±2.71mg, P<0.05). However, the islet β cell mass in the splenectomized pregnant group was only 6.10mg±2.12mg,which was significantly lower than that in the sham pregnant group(P<0.05). In the splenectomized pregnant group and the sham pregnant group, fasting blood glucose concentration was normal. In vitro cell co-culture showed that spleen cells promotedthe proliferation of islet β cells. Conclusion  Spleen cells canpromote the increase of islet cell mass by secreting some factors; splenectomy may prevent the increase of islet cell mass in pregnant mice.

    Expression and role of PPAR-γin meningiomas and troglitazone induced meningiomas cell apoptosis in vitro
    LU Xiang-Dong, YANG Wei, XU Guang-Meng, QU Yuan-Ming
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  65. 
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    Objective To explore mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-γ in meningiomas and investigate the synergistic anticancer effect of its activator in meningiomas. Methods Gene expression of PPAR-γ in 48 surgical specimens(28 benign cases and 20 atypical cases)of meningiomas was determined using RT-PCR and protein expression using an immunohisto-chemical method. Human meningioma(16 cases) cells were cultured in vitro in order to study the effect of troglitazone anticancer therapy by MTT. Flow cytometry was applied to evaluate the apoptotic rate of cultured cells. Results  Compared with the atypical group, gene and protein expressions of PPAR-γ in the benign group were decreased. Gene expression in females was stronger than in males. RT-PCR result demonstrated that growth of primary meningioma cells could be significantly inhibited by troglitazone in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry results also suggested that troglitazone induced meningioma cell apoptosis in vitro and the effect was significantly increased with an increase of concentration and time. Conclusion  PPAR-γ may play an important role in the development of meningiomas. PPAR-γ agonists induce growth arrest and apoptosis in meningioma cells in vitro.

    Effect of the Naoshenkang capsule on expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha  of oxidative damaged rat hippocampal neurons in high glucose
    LIN Weiwei, LIU Deshan, LI Wei, CHANG Ping
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  63. 
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    Objective  To research the effect of the Naoshenkang capsule on expressionof hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha of oxidative damaged rat hippocampal neuronsin high glucose. [JP2]Methods  The primarily cultured neonate rat hippocampal neurons were randomly divided into eight groups: the control group, the high glucose group, the xanthine/xanthine oxidase group(X/XO group), the ligustrazine group, the normal sodium group and the small, middle, and large dosage of Naoshenkang groups. The control group was raised in 5.5mmol/L DMEM, and the other groups treated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase except that the high glucose group was raised in 25mmol/L DMEM. Themethod of Real-Time PCR was used to detect mRNA expression of HIF-1α. Results  Expression of HIF-lα mRNA of the high glucose group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01), but lower than that of the X/XO group (P<0.05). Expression of HIF-lα mRNA of the ligustrazine group and all Chinese Medicine groups were significantly lower than that of the X/XO group, and the middle dosage of Chinese Medicine groups was the lowest (P<0.01).Conclusions  High glucose can cause injury of hippocampal neurons and the Naoshenkang capsule has an inhibitory effect on it. Its mechanism may be that the Chinese Medicine can inhibit expression of HIF-lα mRNA and improve tissue hypoxia.

    Effects of atorvastatin given before acute PCI on inflammatory mediators and left ventricular function in STEMI
    XU Ning-Yu, WANG Lei, HAO En-Kui, SU Guo-Hai
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  69-72. 
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    Objective To explore the effects of atorvastatin administered to AMI patients before acute PCI on levels of inflammatory markers in systemic circulation or within ICA and left ventricular function 7 days after AMI. Methods  60 patients with STEMI who had undergone acute PCI were enrolled in this study. All patients were randomly assigned into the atorvastatin group (group A) and the control group (group B). Group A consisted of 32 patients who took 40mg atorvastatin while group B consisted of 28 patients who took a placebo. Blood samples were obtained from the peripheral vein and ICA at the beginning of PCI and from the   peripheral vein after 24 hours. IL-6, MMP-9, sCD40L were determined. The hemodynamic indexes of ventricular function by Acoustic Quantification (AQ) were measured as follows: EDV-LV, ESV-LV, LVEF, PER-LV, and PFR-LV. Results 1. Circulating level of IL-6 significantly decreased in group A compared with group B before PCI. Concentrations of IL-6, sCD40L and MMP-9 in system circulation 24 hours after PCI significantly decreased in group A compared with group B. The data of EDV-LV, ESV-LV, LVEF, PER-LV, and PFR-LV had no differences between group A and B.  2. Levels of MMP9, IL-6 and sCD40L were significantly higher in the ICA than in the systemic circulation in the two groups. Concentrations of IL-6 and MMP-9 increased after 24 hours in the two groups, but the level of sCD40L of the peripheral vein after 24 hours only increased in the controls. Conclusion  Levels of MMP-9, IL-6 and sCD40L are significantly higher in ICA than in the peripheral vein before acute PCI in STEMI patients. Atorvastatin administered to AMI patients just before PCI could cause decreased levels of inflammatory markers, but early administration of atorvastatin is not beneficial to left ventricular function in the short term.

    A survey of the relationship between the type and content of autumn airborne pollen and floors in Taiyuan
    WANG Ning, ZHANG Kejun, WANG Binquan, CHENG Nasha, LIU Taiqing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  67-69. 
    Abstract ( 1755 )   PDF (254KB) ( 241 )   Save
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    Objective  To explore the relationship between the type and content ofautumn airborne pollen and floors in Taiyuan. Methods  Airborne pollens were continuously collected using an exposed glass method at three collecting spots in the same district in the centre of the city from August 1st to September 30thin 2008. The samples were separately placed on the well-ventilated building roofs of the 4th, 7th and 17th floors. Results  The samples were sequenced according to the pollen content: the 4-th-floor (12 meters)>the 7-th-floor(21meters)>the 17-th- floor (51 meters).  The content of airborne pollen wasnot statistically different between 4-floored buildings and 7-floored buildings (P>0.05) while it was significantly lower in 17-floored buildings than in 4-floored buildings and 7-floored buildings (P<0.05). The genera of airborne pollens of 4-floored buildings and 7-floored buildings were approximately the same, while of 17-floored buildings were reduced. Conclusion  The type and content of airborne pollens on the 17-th-(51 meters) floor are obviously reduced compared with those of the 4-th-floor and the 7-th- floor. Highrise residential living can reduce the amount of pollen inhalation.

    Expression of S-100 and C-kit in child primary obstructive megaureter
    YU Jia-Zhi, WANG Ke-Lai, ZHUANG Yan, ZHANG Lian-Hai
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  73. 
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    Objective vTo explore expressions of S-100 and C-kit and to analyze changes of gangliocytes and interstitial cells of cajal in biomechanical properties of primary obstructive megaureter. Methods  25 specimens of the ureteral ending and dilated segments were obtained from children with POM who were referred for surgeries (aged 2 months to 10 years, mean 2.5 years). Control group:inferior segments of the ureter specimens were taken from 15 cases of renal neoplasm and the tissues were histologically confirmed as unaffected. Samples were immunostained using multiclone antibodies specific for S-100 and C-kit. Mean optical density of S-100 staining mean number of S-100 positive gangliocytes and C-kit positive interstitial cells of cajal were counted in microscopic fields by a high-fold microscope. Results  Mean optical density of S-100 staining and mean number of S-100 positive gangliocytes per microscopic field were lower in ureteral endings compared with the control(P<0.01) and the dilated group(P<0.01). The number of C-kit positive interstitial cells of cajal was also significantly lower in ureteral endings compared with the control(P<0.01) and the dilated group(P<0.01). No statistical significance was found between the dilated group and the control group. The number of gangliocytes and interstitial cells of cajal were positively correlated among the three groups. Conclusion  S-100 positive gangliocytes and C-kit positive interstitial cells of cajal play important roles and may have synergistic actions in child primary obstructive megaureter.

    Effect of adenovirusmediated human endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene transfection on pulmonary hypertension rat model induced by high pulmonary blood flow
    FENG Xiaoli1, ZHU Xiaobo1,2, CHEN Ou3, SU Hong1, MA Yu1, WANG Yibiao1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  70-73. 
    Abstract ( 963 )   PDF (416KB) ( 400 )   Save
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     Objective  To investigate the effect of adenovirus-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene transfection on the development of pulmonaryhypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow. Methods  Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups with ten rats in each group: the sham operation group, the operation group, the test group and the control group. Except forthe sham operation group, groups were developed into left-to-right shunt pulmonary hypertensiocuff technique. Recombinant adenovirus(AdCMVeNOS) was transfected into the test group using tracheal inhalation. We observed expression and activity of eNOS in the lung by immunohistochemistry and colorimetry, measured themPAP, mRVP, mCAP and RVHI, and calculated WT%. Results  Brown spots in the full wall of pulmonary vessels were seen in the test group. The expression level of eNOS in the test group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The number of eNOS expression-positive cells in the sham operation group was lower than in the test group but higher than in the control group. The activity of eNOS obviously decreased in the operation and control groups compared with that in the sham operation group (P<0. 05), and increased in the operation groupcompared with those in the control and sham operation groups. The levels of mRVP, mPAP, RVHI and WT% were similar between the operation group and the control group,which were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (P<0.05).The levels of the above four indicators were obviously lower in the test groupthan in the control group. Conclusion  Adenovirusmediated eNOSgene transfection can increase expression and activity of eNOS in lung tissue of the pulmonary hypertension rat model induced by high pulmonary blood flow, and delays the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling.

    Effects of different dosages of Sufentanil in induced general anesthesia  period on blood rheology cortisol in spinal operations
    ZHANG Xiao-Yan, LI Gang, WANG Ling-Beng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  76-79. 
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    Objective To explore the effects of different dosage of Sufentanil in induced general anesthesia period on blood rheology and cortisol in spinal operations. Methods 60 patients who had undergone spinal operations were randomly divided into three groups. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mena arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before intubation (T0), in intubation (T1), 1 minute later (T2), 3 minutes later(T3), and 5minutes later(T4), at the same time, venous blood was obtained to determine cortisol (Cor) through radio-immunoassay (RIA). Results  SBP, DBP, MAP and HR had significant differences at different times in the same group (P<0.05) and were lower at T1 than at T0 in the three groups (P<0.05). MAP at T1 was higher in groups One and Two than in group Three (P<0.05). SBP, MAP and HR at T4 were higher in groups One and Two than in group Three (P<0.05). DBP was higher in group One than in groups Two and Three (P<0.05). Content of cortisol in group One was higher at T2 and T3 than at T4, and also higher than in groups Two and Three at the same time (P<0.05). Conclusion  Compared with 0.2μg/kg, 0.4μg/kg and 0.6μg/kg Sufentanil can effectively prohibit stress responses in intubation, and 0.4μg/kg of sufentail can produce more rheological stability.

    Effect the of Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway in A549 lung cancer cells
    TENG Ying, WANG Xiuwen, WANG Yawei, MENG Xiangjiao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  74. 
    Abstract ( 1235 )   PDF (798KB) ( 317 )   Save
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    Objective  To study the effects of activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaltransduction pathway and the potential mechanism in lung cancer A549 cell line.Methods  A549 cells were stimulated with Licl in different concentrations. The position of β-catenin was realized by immunochemistry, and cell proliferation and clone formation ability were detected by  MTT assay and clone formation experiment. Western-blot was used to measure expression of the stem cell marker OCT-4.Results   Stimulating A549 cells with 10?mmol/L Licl for 24?h resulted in the accumulation of β-catenin and its translocation into the nucleus. Moreover, this  stimuli  significantly enhanced A549 proliferation  by 32.24%, and  increased theability of clone formation  by 100%. In addition, an up-regulation of stem cell marker OCT-4 was observed through Western-blot. Conclusion  The Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway plays an important role in cell proliferation, clone formation and expression of OCT-4, and may become a new target of lung cancer therapy.

    Changes of serum transforming growth factor-β1 level in patients with recurrence of Graves′ disease
    ZHANG Ying, WANG Hong-Wei, WANG Hui, CHEN Fu-Qin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  80. 
    Abstract ( 857 )   Save
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    Objective To explore the role of serum transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the recurrence of Graves disease.  Methods  60 cases of Graves disease were divided into 3 groups: the new diagnosis group, the 3-month treatment group, and the recurrence group. 20 healthy persons served as the control group. Serum TGF-β1 and TRAb levels were determined by ELISA, and levels of serum thyroid hormone, TPOAb and TGAb were determined by electrochemiluminescence.  Results  The TGF-β1 level of the new diagnosis and recurrent groups was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01), of the 3-month treatment group was significantly lower compared with the new diagnosis group(P<0.01), and of the recurrent group was lower than that of the new diagnosis group but higher than that of the 3-month treatment group(P<0.01). Conclusion Serum TGF-β1 may be involved in the occurrence of Graves disease and its recurrence.

    Lymphoscintigraphy in regional lymph nodes on lower extremities of rabbits using 99m-Tc-injection of liposome of  5-fluorouracil by hypodermicinjection
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  78-81. 
    Abstract ( 1242 )   PDF (387KB) ( 278 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate lymphoscintigraphy and enrichment of 99mTc-FL in regional lymph nodes by SPECT to provide a basis for the regional lymph system targeted chemotherapy of malignant tumors. Methods  6 rabbitswere hypodermically injected with 0.5mCi of 99m-]Tc-FL in the firstmedial web on the dorsum of lower extremities. Lymphatic flow imaging was dynamically traced by SPECT in 30 or 60 minutes after injection. The diffusion and gathering of the radioisotope in the regional lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes were monitored by SPECT at different intervals within 8h. The scintigraphy counting ratios(%) in injected sites or in the regional lymph system including lymph nodes in the popliteal fossa, in pelvic cavity, in the post-peritoneum and the cisterna chyli were measured respectively at 1h, 3h and 6h post-injection. Results  The tracing of dynamic lymph flow in 30 or 60 minutes and imaging at different intervals in 8h post-injection by SPECT showed that 99mTc-FL could slowly flow into the regional lymph system from injected sitesand highly accumulated in their lymph nodes, but the radioactivity uptake ratios of the other organs were low. 1h, 2h and 3h post-injection, and the scintigraphy counting ratios of the three groups, in injected sites or the regional lymph system hadstatistical differences(P<0.05). The scintigraphy counting ratios in injected sites were gradually decreasing, but rising in regional lymph nodes. The comparisons between the scintigraphy counting ratios in the regional lymph nodes and in the other organs (except injected sites) per group were significantly different(P<0.05). The scintigraphy counting ratios in regional lymph system were sharplyhighly than in other organs. Conclusions  99m-Tc-FL can flow into regional lymphatic chains rather than directly enter blood circulation. 99m-]Tc-FL can be highlyaccumulated in the regional lymph nodes. Therefore, the regional lymph system targeted chemotherapy for malignant tumors is clinically feasible.

    Expressions of VEGF-C,nuclear factor-kappa B and  Survivin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and their clinical implications
    HUANG Fang, KANG Rui, TUN Chun-Lin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  83. 
    Abstract ( 848 )   Save
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    Objective To detect expressions of VEGF-C,NF-κBp65 and Survivin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) and chronic nasopharyngitis and to explore their role in the development of NPC as well as their interrelationships.MethodsImmunohistochemical (streptavidin-perosidase SP) method was used to analyze protein expressions of VEGF-C, NF-κBp65 and Survivin in paraffin embedded tissues from 57 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 20 cases of chronic nasopharyngitis and their relation to clinical pathological characteristics of NPC was analyzed. Results  Positive rates of VEGF-C,NFκBp65 and Survivin protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues were 73.68%(42/57), 61.40%(35/57), and 68.42%(39/57), and in chronic nasopharyngitis tissues were 40.00%, 30.00%, and 20.00%, and the differences were significant between nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and chronic nasopharyngitis tissue (P<0.05). Expressions of VEGF-C, NF-κBp65 and Survivin were closely related to lymph node metastasis and clinical pathological stage(P<0.05). In addition NFκBp65 protein expression had a positive correlation with both VEGF-C and Survivin, and expression of VEGF-C was positively correlated with that of Survivin. Conclusion NF-κBp65 contributes to the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymph node metastasis by upregulating expressions of VEGF-C and Survivin. VEGF-C and Survivin may have synergetic effects on the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

    Inhibitive effect of polypeptide extract from scorpion venom(PESV)  on the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinomas
    XU Lin, ZHANG Weidong, WANG Zhaopeng, ZHANG Yueying, JIA Qing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  82. 
    Abstract ( 1062 )   PDF (492KB) ( 257 )   Save
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    Objective  To study the inhibitory mechanism of polypeptide extract from scorpion venom(PESV) on the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinomas(LLC). Methods  Thirty C57BL/6J mice were subcutaneously inoculated with LLC cells suspension(1×10-7/mL) in the right armpit. The tumor-bearing mice were randomlydivided into three groups: the control group, the 5-fluorouracil(5-FU)group and the PESV group. PESV was intragastrically subjected to the mice for 18 days. The tumor volume and tumor inhibitory rate were determined. A LLC cell suspension(5×10-6/mL) was injected into the tail veins of another twenty C57BL/6J mice, which were randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the PESV group. PESV was intragastrically subjected to the mice for 28 days. The mice were killed and the numbers of lung metastatic nodules were measured. Expressions of OPN and MMP-9 were determined by immunohistochemical-staining and ELISA..Results  The growth and metastasis inhibitory rate of PESV were respectively 46.02% and 76.19%. Expression levels of OPN and MMP-9 were both decreased in the tumor and serum. Compared with the control group, the differences were both significant(P<0.05). Conclusion  PESV has an inhibitory effect on growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma.

    Culture of human cord mesenchymal stem cells using animal serum-free medium and hepatogenic differentiation
    ZHANG Hui, SHI Qing, HOU Huai-Shui, LI Dong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  88. 
    Abstract ( 928 )   Save
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    Objective To investigate the protocols of isolating mesenchymal stem cells from the cord using an animal serum-free method and to evaluate their differentiation ability to hepatocytes. Methods Autologous cord blood serum was used to culture cord mesenchymal stem cells. An enzyme digesting method was used to isolate mesenchymal stem cells from the cord. Morphology, immunotyping and hepatogenic differentiation of these cells were assayed. Results FACS experiments showed that immunotyping of adherent cells cultured using autologous cord blood serum matched with the characters of mesenchymal stem cells and could differentiate into hepatocytes under the appropriate induction condition. After treatment for 4 weeks, differentiated cells could express hepatocytespecific markers. Some hepatocyte-like cells could uptake lipoprotein. Conclusion   The autologous cord blood serum method could effectively culture mesenchymal stem cells with hepatogenic differentiation ability.

    Establishment of liquid chromatography technology platform of  cerebrospinal fluid for patients with multiple sclerosis in pre-and post-medication
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  85. 
    Abstract ( 1167 )   PDF (807KB) ( 315 )   Save
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    Objective  To establish a comparative proteomics technology platform of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in pre-and post-medication by 1D and 2D liquid phase separation methods. Methods  Peptides and proteins in CSF proteomics of MS patients in pre- and post-medication were separated by UPLC-Q-TOF MS (ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole, time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer) and PF-2D (two-dimensional liquid chromatography). Results  Different peptides and proteins of UPLC and PF-2D maps in pre- and post- medication were obtained. The methods showed high reproducibility for differential proteomics display analysis. Conclusion  It would be helpful to find new molecular markers for early diagnosis and treatment of MS disease.

    Serum phosphopyruvate hydratase in diagnosis of invasive Candida albicans infection
    WANG Xin, XING Chun-Yan, YANG Yan-Ping
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  92-94. 
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    Objective To evaluate the role of phosphopyruvate hydratase in diagnosis of invasive Candida albicans infection. Methods Forty patients were divided into three experimental groups: 18 patients were confirmed with invasive Candida albicans infection, 12 patients were clinically diagnosed with invasive Candida albicans infection and 10 patients were Candida albicans superficial colonization. Another 10 persons who had undergone physical examinations served as the negative control group. Absorbance value(OD value)of phosphopyruvate hydratase in the serum was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)to establish a standard curve. The OD values of phosphopyruvate hydratase could reflect the antigen level in the serum. Results By a multiple comparison, the confirmed diagnosis group and clinical diagnosis group had significant differences compared with the other groups. Using ELISA to estimate consistency of phosphopyruvate hydratase in the serum and taking 0.35μg/ml as the cut-off point, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 77% and 100%.  Conclusion  Serum phosphopyruvate hydratase level was significantly higher in the invasive Candida albicans infection groups than in the colonization and healthy groups, which suggested that serum phosphopyruvate hydratase antigen could be an ideal index, and 0.35μg/ml is the ideal threshold in sensitivity and specificity of invasive Candida albicans infection.

    Heparan sulfate proteoglycan gene polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis
    LI Dawei, JIAO Wei, WANG Tieliu, YAN Lei, REN Juchao, TIAN Sujian,XU Zhonghua, FAN Yidong, LIU Hainan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  89-93. 
    Abstract ( 1249 )   PDF (553KB) ( 374 )   Save
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    Objective  To explore the potential association between the heparan sulfate proteoglycan gene (HSPG) polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to calciumoxalate nephrolithiasis in the Chinese Han population.  Methods  143 patients diagnosed with calcium oxalate urolithiasis were enrolled in this study. In addition, 157 ago-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples. Based on a case-control study, HSPG polymorphism (rs3767140)was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fraction length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP) with BamHⅠ digestion. Results  Distribution frequencies of site rs3767140 genotype and alleles in the two groups followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Distribution frequencies of the GG+GT and TT genotypes were69.23% and 30.77% in the oxalate calcium urolithiasis group and 79.62% and 20.38% in the healthy control group. Differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). Distribution frequencies of the G and T all eles in the two groups were respectively 45.10% and 55.90% and 54.14% and -45.86%-with statistical differences (P<0.05). Subjects with the TT genotype yielded a 1.736- fold increased risk for calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis,compared with subjects with the GT+GG genotype(OR=1.736,95%-CI=1.026~2.938),however,we did not find an association between HSPG gene polymorphism and the possibility of stone recurrence. Conclusion  There is a significant association between HSPG gene polymorphism and calcium oxalate nephrolithisis,and the TT genotype may be a good genetic marker.

    Relationship between the COX-2 gene polymorphisms and atherothrombotic ischemic stroke
    HAO Yue-Wei, LIU Xue-Ping, ZHAO Ting-Ting, ZHENG Min, WANG Yi-Bing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  95-98. 
    Abstract ( 885 )   Save
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     Objective To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes of COX-2 gene were susceptible to atherothrombotic ischemic stroke in the Chinese Han population.  Methods In this study two variants (-1195G/A and 8473T/C) of COX-2 were examined among 626 patients with ischemic stroke and 604 control subjects. Polymorphisms were studied both individually and as haplotypes.  Results The genotype TC in 8473T/C was significantly overexpressed in patients (OR=1.329, 95%CI=1.028-1.719, adjusted for confounding factors). Further, the haplotype AC of -1195G/A and 8473T/C was significantly higher in patients than that in the control subjects. Logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals having haplotype AC had an increased possibility of ischemic stroke (OR=1.372, 95%CI=1.070-1.760, adjusted by confounding factors). Conclusion The results suggest that genotype TC of COX-2 8473T/C and haplotype AC containing -1195A and 8473C may be a crucial risk factor of genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke in the Chinese Han population.

    MCP-1 gene expression in ovarian epithelial tumors
    XU Hui1, ZHANG Ping1, WU Xuezhong2, ZHANG Airong1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  94. 
    Abstract ( 1027 )   PDF (257KB) ( 340 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate expression of MCP-1 mRNA in ovarian epithelial tumors and to explore their clinical significance. Methods  Expression of MCP-1 mRNA in 12 cases of benign ovarian tumor, 6 cases of borderline ovarian tumor, 22 cases of primary ovarian carcinoma and 8 cases of recurrent ovariancarcinoma was analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and was compared with that in 10 normal ovarian tissue samples. Results   The positive rate of MCP-1 in normal ovarian tissue, benign ovarian tumor, borderline ovarian tumor, primary and recurrent ovarian carcinoma was25.0%, 25.0%,50.0%, 95.5% and 87.5%, respectively. The expressive intensity was 0.11±0.01, 0.18±0.03, 0.51±-0.05, 0.73±0.08 and 0.45±0.08, respectively. The positive rate and expressive intensity of MCP-1 were significantly higher in borderline than in benign ovarian tumor, and were significantly higher in ovarian carcinoma than in borderline tumor. There was no correlation between expression of MCP-1 and histo logical grade and lymph node metastasis. MCP-1 expression positive rate and intensityin stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ were lower than that in stageⅠ-Ⅱ, but there were no significant differences. MCP-1 expressive intensity in primary ovarian carcinoma was significantly increased in recurrent ovarian carcinoma. The degree of macrophage infiltration was grossly correlated with the level of MCP-1 expression.  Conclusions  MCP-1 may play an important role in the genesis and development of ovarian tumor.MCP-1has a potential anti-tumor effect by recruitment and activation of macrophages in tumor tissues, suggesting an effective immunotherapy for ovarian carcinoma.

    Association between the C1236T polymorphism in multi-drug resistance gene 1 and response to antiepileptic drug treatment in epileptic patients
    GE Li-Juan, JIN Rui-Feng, WANG Ji-Wen, HU Xin-Sheng, LIKun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  99-102. 
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    Objective To determine the frequency of polymorphism at C1236T of multidrug resistance 1 gene (MDR1) in epileptic patients and explore the association of this polymorphism with antiepileptic drug treatment. Methods  DNA samples were obtained from 158 patients, of whom 70 were resistant to antiepileptic drug treatment and 88 were responsive to the treatment. Genotypes of the C1236T polymorphism were determined by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Allele frequencies in the drug resistant group were compared with those in the response group by Chisquare analysis. Results Of 158 patients, 30(19.4% )had the CC genotype, 49(30.6%)had the CT genotype,and 79(50.0% )had the TT genotype. Frequency of CC genotype was significantly higher in the pharmacoresistance group(22.9% )than in the responsive group(15.9%), and frequency of the C allele was also higher in the pharmacoresistance group (36.4%) than in the responsive group(33.0%). But there were no significant differences in both genotype frequency and allele frequency between the two groups. Conclusion There is no association between the locus of C1236T in the MDRI gene and response to antiepileptic drug treatment in Chinese patients with epilepsy.

    Expressions and significances of sFRP-1 and Wnt-1 in cervical carcinoma and precancerous lesions
    SU Shan1, KAN Yanyan1, TIAN Yongjie2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  97-101. 
    Abstract ( 1099 )   PDF (612KB) ( 340 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate expressions of secreted frizzled related protein-1 (sFRP-1) and Wnt-1 in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical carcinoma. Methods  sFRP-1 and Wnt-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry(SABC)in normal cervical tissue, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepitheliallesions (HSIL) and cervical carcinoma, and expressions of sFRP-1 and Wnt-1mRNAin normal cervical tissue and cervical carcinoma were detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results  Expression of sFRP-1 in cervical carcinoma was significantly weaker than in HSIL and LSIL, and in LSIL was weaker than in normal cervical tissues. Expression of Wnt-1 was strongest in cervical carcinoma and lowest in normal cervical tissues, and it was stronger in HSIL than in LSIL. Conclusion  Lower expression of sFRP-1 and over expression of Wnt-1 play important roles in the development from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to cervical carcinoma.

    Expressions of α-Tubulin and γ-Tubulin in human Glioma and their relation with Survivin
    WANG Lin-Lin, SUN Mei-Li, SUN Yu-Ping, ZHANG Nan, LIU Chuan-Yong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  103. 
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    Objective To evaluate expressions of α-Tubulin and γ-Tubulin in human glioma and to investigate the correlation between Tubulin and Survivin. Methods The immunohistochemical method or immunofluorescence technique was used to determine expressions of α-Tubulin, γ-Tubulin and Survivin in specimens of glioma. The relation of α-Tubulin and γ-Tubulin to Survivin was analyzed using statistic methods. Results  Positive rates of α-Tubulin, γ-Tubulin and Survivin were significantly higher in high grade glioma than in low grade(P<0.0125). Expressions of α-Tubulin and γ-Tubulin were positively related to expression of Survivin (P<0.05). Conclusion Malignancy of glioma is related to expressions of α-Tubulin, γ-Tubulin and Survivin. Interactions between Tubulin and Survivin may be important signals of development and prognosis in human glioma.

    Effects of cryopreservation on oxidative stress and DNA integrity of human sperm
    ZHANG Jianrui, XU Chengyan, WANG Li, HU Jingmei, ZHANG Haobo, CHEN Zijiang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  102-105. 
    Abstract ( 1183 )   PDF (283KB) ( 447 )   Save
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    Objective  To explore the effects of cryopreservation on morphology, oxidative stress and DNA integrity of human sperm. Methods  According to World Health Organization criteria (1999 year), we chose 30 normal semen samples and 30abnormal semen samples. The sperm morphology, maleic dialdehyde (MDA) concentration and nuclear DNA integrity of the two groups were analyzed before and after freezing—thawing. Results  In the normal group, the freezing—thawing process significantly influenced sperm morphology and MDA concentration(P<0.05), butthere was no significant difference compared with that before freezing in DNA integrity, and the results showed significant differences in sperm morphology, DNA integrity and MDA concentration between the fresh and frozen samples in the abnormalgroup(P<0.05); ②Compared with the normal group, cryopreservation caused significant differences in sperm morphology and DNA integrity in the abnormal group(P<0.05); ③Sperm morphology was negatively correlated with MDA concentration, and MDA concentration was positively correlated with DNA integrity(P<0.05). Conclusion  Cryopreservation affects sperm morphology, DNA integrity and MDA concentration in abnormal semen, while it only affected sperm morphology and MDA concentration in normal semen.

    AD7c-NTP level in urine of patients with Alzheimer′s disease
    YAN Peng, WANG Rong, DU Yi-Feng, SHEN Lun-Qian
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  106. 
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    Objective To explore the value of urine AD7c-NTP assay in clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods  The urine AD7c-NTP level was determined using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 245 elderly people, who were divided into three groups: the  AD group(n=65),the  vascular dementia group (VaD, n=60) and the normal mental state group (n=120). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0. Results  The urine AD7cNTP content of the three groups were (2.50±0.45)ng/ml, (1.19±0.68)ng/ml and (1.21±0.74)ng/ml. Compared with the normal mental state group and the VaD group, AD group had a significant increase of the urine AD7c-NTP level, which was positively correlated with the severity of the disease. No significant difference was found between the VaD group and the normal mental state group. Conclusion  Urine AD7c-NTP level, probably a biochemical marker of AD, is of important and practical value in clinical diagnosis and condition assessment of AD.

    Effect of mifepristone on expression of nuclear factor-κB in human villi during early pregnancy
    ZHENG Xiaojing, SUN Ying, LIU Shu, ZHAO Xingbo, LI Mingjiang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  106. 
    Abstract ( 1093 )   PDF (369KB) ( 249 )   Save
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    Objective  To probe into the effect of mifepirstone on expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) in human villi during the early pregnancy. Methods  Expression of NF-κB was detected in human villi of 18 surgical abortion women and 22 medical abortion women by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Results  Expression of NF-κB mRNA in villi of the medical abortion group was significantly weaker when compared with that of the surgical abortion group(P<0.01),and expression of NF-κB protein in cytotrophoblasts of the medical abortion group was significantly weaker when compared with that of the surgical abortion group(P<0.05). Conclusions  Decreased expression of NF-κB in human villi induced by mifepristone may be one of the mechanisms for terminating early pregnancy.

    In vitro release of compound niacin extended-release and simvastatin immediaterelease double-layer tablets
    GAO Xiu-Rui, ZANG Heng-Chang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  109-113. 
    Abstract ( 781 )   Save
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    Objective To investigate in vitro release profile of extended-release layer containing niacin and immediate-release layer containing simvastatin in compound tablets. Methods Extended-release layer of the tablets were subjected to an in vitro release in different dissolution media (water, 0.1mol/L HCl, pH6.8 phosphate buffer) for determining niacin by UV, and niacin extended-release tablets BENYUE on sale served as the control. 0.01mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.0, containing 0.5% SLS) was used as the dissolution medium for determining simvastatin by HPLC. ResultsRelease rate of niacin in an extended-release layer ranged from 10% to 30% in 3h, 40% to 60% in 9?h, and over 75% in 16h, which could accord with quality. Release curves of the two products could accord with the Higuchi equation (r>0.99). The similarity factor f2 was between 50 and 100. Release rate of simvastatin in an immediate-release layer was up to 80% in 45 minutes. Conclusion Release rates of niacin in the experimental formulation and reference product BENYUE are similar. Simvastatin in an immediate-release layer accords with quality in release rate.

    Curative effect of Zoloft for adjuvant treatment of teenagers′bronchial asthma accompanied by depression
    WANG Jindong1, JIAO Zhian2, ZHAO Guoqing2, LI Hui1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  109-112. 
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    Objective  To explore the curative effect and the reliability of Sertraline for adjuvant treatment of teenagers′ bronchial asthma accompanied by depression. Methods  A total of 77 patients meeting the inclusion standards were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=40) and the control group (n=37). Sertraline was added into the routine anti-depression and anti-asthmatic treatment in the treatment group, while a placebo was added in the control group. Then the curative and side effects in the all patients were assessed at the end of the 6th and 12th weeks after the initiation of the study. Results  The total effective rate of anti-depression and anti-bronchial asthma in the treatment group was 75.0% and 95.0% respectively, and compared with 37.8% and 72.9% in the control group after3 months of the initiation of the study, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The side effects in the two groups were slight, and the incidences of all the factors in SERS(rating scale or side effects) between the twogroups had no significant differences (P>0.05). Conclusion  Sertraline is effective and safe in adjuvant treatment of teenagers′ bronchial asthma accompanied by depression.

    Effect of FeCl3 and FeEDTA on inhibiting psoriasis
    YANG Xiao-Qian, JI Jing, LIU Na, GUO Dong-Mei, CUI Xi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  114-117. 
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    Objective To explore the effect of FeCl3 and Fe-EDTA on inhibiting psoriasis. Methods  Female Kunming mice were used to establish the epidermis hyperplasia of estrone periodical mouse models, and were randomly divided into nine groups: the negative control, positive control, low, middle, high dosage of FeCl3, low, middle, high dosage of Fe-EDTA and Oral Buxue groups. Male Kunming mice serving as the epidermis parakeratosis models were also randomly divided into the above nine groups. The mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after the last administration, and then the index of vaginal mitosis(female mice) and formation of the tail scale epidermis(male mice) were observed under an optical microscope. Results Every iron spiked groups as well as the methotrexate group could obviously inhibit mitosis of the vaginal epithelial cells (P<0.05) and promote formation of the granular layer in mouse tail scale (P<0.05). Statistical significance was found between the negative control and iron spiked group (P<0.05), but not among the iron spiked groups (P>0.05). Conclusion As a result of iron replenishment, mitosis of the vaginal epithelial cells was obviously inhibited, and formation of the granular layer in mouse tail scale was significantly promoted.

    Expressions of serum VEGF and NO and their correlation in patients with ulcerative colitis
    YANG Yizuo, HAO Hongsheng, YAN Xiaoqing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  113-115. 
    Abstract ( 1089 )   PDF (242KB) ( 418 )   Save
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     Objective  To research the correlation of VEGF and NO in the genesis and development of ulcerative colitis. Methods  According to the severity of ulcerative colitis, the patients were divided into the active group(n=44) and theremission group(n=16), while the healthy examiners were compiled into the controlgroup(n=20). Early morning fasting blood was taken to test levels of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), nitricoxide (NO), white blood cell (WBC)and plateletcount(PLT).Results   Levels of VEGF and NO in the active group were significantly higher than in the remission group(P<0.001) and the control group(P<0.001), while there were no significant differences(P>0.05) between the remission group and the control group. In the active group, there was a positive correlation (r=0.48, P<0.01) between VEGF and NO, while there was no correlation in the control group (r=0.179, P>0.05). In addition, in the active group, the patients whose WBC and PLT counts were beyond the normal reference accounted for only 22.7% and 31.8% respectively. Overall, WBC and PLT levels were significantly different in the active group compared with the control group (P<0.001 or P<0.01). Conclusion  VEGF and NO may have synergistic effect in the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis.

    Subjective well-being from daily activities of rural residents
    WANG Jian, MENG Qing-Ti, Winnie Yip, QU Jiang-Bin, WANG Li-Na
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  118. 
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    Objective To explore a pathway for improving subjective well-being (SWB) from daily activities of rural residents. Methods  SWB was measured using the  Day Reconstruction Method, and a net affect was compared among all kinds of daily activities. ResultsSWB of relaxation and entertainment activities was the highest and of action against one′s will was the lowest. We also found that gender, age, and education were related to SWB. ConclusionIn   rural area, SWB could be increased by widening ways to relaxation and entertainment and prolonging their time, increasing different characteristics (such as gender, age and education) of residents′ interest in daily activities.

    Clinical evaluation of serum osteoprotegerin in diagnosis of coronary artery lesions of Kawasaki disease
    ZHAO Lijian, HAN Bo, ZHANG Liping, ZHANG Yi, ZHANG Jianjun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  116-119. 
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    Objective  To evaluate the clinical value of osteoprotegerin(OPG) in predicting coronary artery lesions(CAL) of Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods   90KD patients(KD group), 30 febrile patients with infective diseases( fever group), 20 patients with sytemic lupus erythematousus(SLE group) and 30 healthy children(control group) were included in this study.  Blood samples were collected for routine laboratory tests, including erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count(WBC), hemoglobin(HB), platelet count (PLT), serum albumin(ALB) and OPG concentration. The severity of coronary arterylesions was determined by the diameter of the involved coronary artery. Multivariate logistic regression was used to find risk factors of CAL. A receiver operatingcharacteristic curve (ROC) was established to confirm the diagnostic value of the risk factors.  Results  Serum OPG level of the KD group is higher than that in the fever group, SLE group and control group(P<0.05). Serum OPG and CRPlevel is significantly higher in KD patients with CAL than those without CAL(P<0.05), and serum ALB level was lower(P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression results showed that OPG, CRP and ALB were risk factors of CAL in KD patients. Serum OPG, CRP and ALB levels of patients with acute KD were all reliable indicators to predict CAL development by ROC analysis(P<0.05).  Conclusion  Serum OPG is an independent risk factor of CAL for patients with KD, and may help to predict CAL in the acute phase of KD.

    Dietary Se intake and serum Se reference value of Jinan residents
    LI Ning, ZHANG Zheng, ZHANG Hong-Qun, GAO Xi-Bao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  121-122. 
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    Objective To investigate per capita dietary Se intake and serum reference value of selenium of Jinan residents, and explore the influences of sex and age.  Methods  From August 2007 to January 2008, 485 healthy Jinan subjects were recruited for filling in seven days dietary intakes questionnaires to investigate dietary Se daily intake. Then hydrogenation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) was used to detect concentration of serum Se after samples were digested by microwave.  ResultsPer capita dietary intake of Se of healthy Jinan adults was 55.93μg /d, and selenium intake of males 66.98μg/d was higher than that of females 49.57μg/d(P<0.05),  indicating that selenium intake level was not influenced by age. Serum Se content of Jinan residents was (61.84±13.25)μg/L and reference value was (35.87~87.81)μg/L. Serum selenium level of males 63.40μg/L was higher than that of females 60.77μg/L(P<0.05), which was not influenced by age. Conclusion  Reference value of serum Se concentration of Jinan residents was initially set, and this investigation showed that dietary Se intake and serum Se level in Jinan residents were low, suggesting that Jinan residents should take Se-enriched foods.

    Trans-bronchial needle aspiration in diagnosing extra bronchial lesions
    WANG Shasha, SHAO Yang, ZHANG Dong, WANG Lijiang, JIANG Shujuan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  120-122. 
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    Objective  To investigate the diagnostic value of transbronchial needle aspiration(TBNA) in extra bronchial lesions. Methods  TBNA procedures were performed by using a flexible bronchoscope in 87 patients with extra bronchial lesions which were proven by CT scanning and could not be diagnosed by conventional bronchoscopy. Results  The total diagnostic yield of TBNA was 94.3% with a tumor diagnostic rate of 86.2%. Except for 8 patients who had a little bleeding at the puncture sites, no serious complications occurred during TBNA. Conclusion  TBNA is a safe, simple and effective way for diagnosing extra bronchial lesions with a high diagnostic rate and minor injuries.

    Relationship among serum adiponectin level, obesity and insulin resistance
    ZHANG Yuan, LI Yang-Min, FENG Rue-Qiu, CHANG Cai-Yun, PAN Hua-Wei, WANG Shu-Mei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2209, 47(6):  124. 
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    Objective  To investigate the relationship between serum adiponectin and insulin resistance and to explore the effects of obesity and insulin resistance interaction on the adiponectin level.  Methods  176 subjects were divided into 4 groups: the insulin resistance with obesity, the insulin resistance, the obesity and the control groups. Variance and covariance analyses were used in this study.  Results   After ruling out the linear interference with adiponectin from gender, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the modified means of serum adiponectin levels in the four groups were 3.477μg/mL, 3.681μg/mL, 4.447μg/mL and 4.614μg/mL(P=0.033), respectively. Adiponectin in the insulin resistance with obesity group was significantly lower than that in the obesity group (P=0.036) and the control group (P=0.009). Conclusions  The relationship between serum reduced adiponectin and insulin resistance may be bi-directional. Both obesity and insulin resistance are independently correlated with serum adiponectin.

    C-choline PET/CT imaging and the change of  choline metabolism in lung cancer
    RUI Jun, HUANG Zhaoqin, LI Xin, PENG Zhongmin, LIU Qingwei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  123. 
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    Objective  To investigate the 11-C-choline PET/CT imaging of lung cancer and the change of choline metabolism in the cells of lung cancer. Methods  11-C-choline PET/CT imaging was performed in 18 patients with a lung tumor confirmed by operation and pathology. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to investigate expressions of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and choline kinase (ChoK) genes in lung cancer specimens and normal lung tissues. Results  The uptake of 11-C-choline was increased in all the lesions. Expressions of ChAT mRNA and protein were enhanced in 9 of the 18 lung tumor specimens; and expressions of ChoK mRNA and protein were increased in 14 of 18 lung tumor specimens compared with those of normal lung tissues. 8 of 18 lung cancer specimens were obvious  increased in expressions of both ChoK and ChAT. The difference was not statistically significant between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma inSUV value. Conclusion  There is abnormally high uptake of 11-C-choline in a lung tumor, and the activities of both ChAT and ChoK are increased in cells of lung cancer.

    Application of dual energy pulmonary angiography with dual-energy CT in pulmonary embolism
    NIE Min1, CHEN Feng2, WANG Min1, WANG Tao1, LIU Cheng1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  127-130. 
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    Objective  To assess the value of dual energy pulmonary angiography (DECTPA) with dual-source CT (DSCT) in pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods  Twenty patients(group A) suspected of PE underwent DECTPA with DSCT in dual energy mode attube voltages of 140 and 80?kV, and three kinds of axial images were acquired,which were 80kV, 140kV and merged images. The dual energy lung perfusion image (DEPI) was generated through dual energy software (using 140kV and 80kV images), while vascular multi-planar reformation (V-MPR) images were generated through DECT 3D software (using merged images). The difference in directly showing emboli by using DEPI and V-MPR and the advantage of DEPI combined with V-MPR were analyzed. Another sixteen cases (group B) of PE of thorax CTA with 64 slice spiral CTwere reviewed retrospectively.  Image quality of the two groups was  independently evaluated by two radiologists who were skilled in image postprocessing. Results  1)There was no difference in image quality between the two groups. (2) There was no difference in directly detecting emboli of pulmonary artery trunks and lobar arteries, but there was a difference in directly detecting emboli of segmental and sub-segmental arteries. (3) In DEPI, emboli of pulmonary artery trunks, lobar arteries and partial segmental arteries resulted in perfusion defect of lung tissue, while other segmental and sub-segmental arteries did not result in perfusion defect. Conclusion  DECTPA can show emboli as clearly as 64 slice spiral CT does in pulmonary embolism, and it can also assess blood perfusion of injured lung -tissue.

    Expression of differential genes in placental vascular disease  and normal placenta through gene arrays
    LIU Yanxia1,2, ZHANG Feng2, WANG Xin1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  131-134. 
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    Objective  To further approach a new clue for the mechanism of placental vascular diseases(PVD) by performing a gene expression profiling study in placenvascular disease through gene array.Methods  We performed a gene expressionprofiling study of placental tissues from women with and without PVD by using 22k Human Genome Oligo Array and screened the different expressive genes between PVD and controls. Then real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western-blot were used to verify  expression of some different genes. Results  By a comparative differential gene expression analysis between the two groups, we found 10 genes to be significantly altered in their expression levels in PVD. Among them 9 genes were up-regulated and 1 gene was down-regulated in PVD. Theverification test result was coincident with the gene array result. Conclusion  Placental vascular disease is an inflammatory disease characterized by activation of endothelial cells and immune response in the vessel wall. These genes can participate in endothelial activation and inflammatory response through activation of the transcription factors, which may result in the occurrence and development of PVD.

    Effect of hydrogen sulfide on cardiovascular injuryinduced by penehyclidine hydrochloride
    LI Jinxiu1, XU Rongting1, WANG Ying1, YANG Gangsan2, FENG Dongxin3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  135-137. 
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    Objective  To explore the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on cardiovascular injury caused by hydrogen sulfide. Method  32 cases were divided into two groups(16 cases in each group). The control group underwent routine treatment, and the other group was treated by both penehyclidine hydrochloride and routine treatment. The serum myocardiac enzyme was determined at 30min, 24h, 3d and 7d, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were determined at the above time points by ELISA. Results  Compared with the control group, the levels of myocardiac enzyme and the plasma TNF-α and IL-8 significantly decreased. And by ECG,  the impairedST and T wave were significantly improved. Conclusion  Penehyclidine hydrochloridehas a protective effect on cardiovascular injury induced by hydrogen sulfide and improves cardiovascular function.

    Expressions of IFN-γ and IL-10 in sub-epithelial connective tissues of oral lichen planus
    PAN Yan1, BAO Qi2, ZUO Zhibin3, QI Xiangmin1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  138-141. 
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    Objective  To detect expressions of IFN-γ and IL-10 in sub-epithelialconnective tissues of oral lichen planus (OLP) and to explore their roles in the occurrence and process of OLP. Methods  Specimens were collected from 11 patients with OLP and 5 normal oral mucosa. Expressions of IFN-γ and IL-10 were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology and fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR technology. Results  Fluorescent real-time quantitative PCR results showed that expression of IFN-γ mRNA in OLP and in normal oral mucosa was 0.2981±0.2064 and 0.0986±0.0894, while expression of IL-10 mRNA in OLP and in normal oral mucosa was 4.3218±4.4678 and 15.1156±9.139?2. Conclusion  Compared with normal oral mucosa, IFN-γ expression was increased, however, IL-10 expression was reduced in OLP, suggesting that an anti-inflammatory response and pro-inflammatory response had some role in the occurrence and process of OLP.

    Imageological study of human brain bridging veins at  normal intracranial pressure
    GE Mingxu1, KONG Dawei1, PENG Bo1, SUN Ping1, WANG Hongjie1, TENG Hongtao1, SI Zhichao2, PANG Qi2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  142. 
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    Objective  To observe morphological features of human brain bridging veins by MRI and to find its normal value limitation (95% confidence interval).Methods  2D-TOF MR venography was used to scan and acquire original bridging vein images of adults without intracranial diseases. Then these original images were post-processed with maximum intensity projection (MIP). Normal value limitation (95% confidence interval) of human brain bridging veins under physiological functions was analyzed using the Syngo fast-view image manipulation system.  Results  Mean±SD of this part of the vessel′ diameter was (3.58±0.39)mm and (3.29±0.37)mm, and the 95%confidence interval of this part of vessel′ diameter was (3.48±0.39)mm and (3.22±0.26)mm.  Diameter of the front lobe was the smallest. In men, the range ofthis part of the vessel′ diameter was bigger than in women. Conclusion  Human brain bridging veins can be clearly imaged by 2D-TOF MR venography. This part of the vein possesses obviously different morphological features such as arrangement mode, vessel orientation, bulb of brain bridging veins and weak or disappearing MRI signals. Normal value limitation foundation of the final pathway- brain bridging veins will provide a valuable morphological theoretical basis.

    Barriers and enabling factors of voluntary HIV counseling and testing among injection drug users and their attitudes towards peer opinion  leader-led HIV testing through diffusion of positive AIDS care messages
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  146-150. 
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     Objective  To assess the barriers and enabling factors of voluntary HIV counseling and testing among injection drug users and their attitudes towards community peer opinion leader-led advocacy in expanding voluntary HIV counseling and testing service in Sichuan Province, China. Methods  Chinese governmental legislation and ]policy documents were reviewed and in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants in Dazhou, Sichuan Province. Results  Gaps between the policies and the practice were significant, as exemplified by the co-existence ofsupportive policy driven by free testing and substantial barriers to accessing voluntary HIV counseling and testing services. Injection drug users and key informants expressed intensive barriers to accessing voluntary HIV counseling and testing, such as fear of disclosure of drug use, fear of positive result, fear of discrimination, fear of punishments from the police, lack of confidentiality, andlow perceived HIV risk. Factors that enabled testing included positive peer orfamily influences, as well as health concerns for self or spouse/sex partners, including worry about mother-to-child transmission. All participants formed a consensus that community peer opinion leader-led advocacy in expanding voluntary HIV counseling and testing services was a feasible approach. Conclusion  Effectiveinterventions are urgently needed to overcome these barriers and improve the uptake of available HIV testing. Community peer opinion leader-led advocacy as a means of expanding voluntary HIV counseling and testing services should be further investigated.

    Effect of electromagnetic radiation of cell phone on immunoglobulin content in the serum of pregnant mice and fetal mice
    WANG Qiuli, YANG Xiaoqian, JI Jing, DIAO Feiyan, GUO Dongmei, CUI Xi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  151-153. 
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    Objective  To investigate the effect of electromagnetic radiation of cellular phones on pregnant and offspring′s serum in rats. Methods  32 pregnant rats were randomly divided into the control group, the low intensity group, the middle intensity group and the high intensity group. After being exposed for 0,10,30,60 minutes, 3 times a day for 21 days, the content of immunoglobulin was determined. Results  In pregnant and neonatal rats′ serum, the content of IgG was increased in the low intensity group and the middle intensity group, however it was decreased in the high intensity group, with significant differences among the four groups (P<0.05). The content of IgA all decreased after exposure,which was significantly different between the experimental groups and the control group (P<0.05). Also the content of  IgM was decreased after exposure, which wassignificantly different (P<0.05) between the high intensity group and the control group but not between the other experimental groups and the control group. Conclusion  Receiving a certain period of electromagnetic radiation from a cell phone during pregnancy could do certain harm to immune systems of both pregnant and offspring rats.

    Orthogonal experiments for optimizing the formulation and preparation conditions of tetramethylpyrazine loaded PLGA microspheres
    SHI Yang, LI Hui, XU Miao, LI Yan, ZHANG Na, HUANG Guihua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  154-158. 
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    Objective  To prepare tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) loaded PLGA microspheres. Methods  TMP loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared by an O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The formulation and the preparation conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiments using entrapment efficiency and drug loading as the composite evaluation index. The morphology was evaluated by an optical microscope. The particle size distribution was evaluated by Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern).The entrapment efficiency and the drug loading were assessed. Results  The results showed that TMP loaded PLGA microspheres were concinnous and spherical in shape. The mean diameter was (10±2.2)μm. The average entrapment efficiency was (81.36±1.15)% and drug loading was (8.2±0.43)%. In vitro release of the TMP loaded PLGA microspheres sustained for 768 h and the release profile was depicted by Weibull kinetics. The formation of a new material phase was testified by analysis of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Conclusion  TMP loaded PLGA microspheres with a highly encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, uniform size distribution and sustained release profile were prepared by an O/W emulsion-solvent evaporation method.

    Preparation of melatonin liposomes and their physico-chemical properties
    SUN Qingxue, HUANG Guihua, SHAO Wei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(1):  159-163. 
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    Objective  To study the preparation of melatonin (MLT) liposomes and their physico-chemical property. Methods  Liposomes were prepared by a film dispersion method. Based on a single test, the optimum formulations and the preparation technology were optimized by a uniform experiment. Morphology of the liposomes was detected by transmission electron microscopy. The Zeta potential and particle size distribution were evaluated by laser scattering. High speed centrifugation was applied to separate the free drug and liposomes. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading were determined by UV. The release character of melatoninliposomes was studied by the dialysis method. Results  The optimal formula was obtained by a uniform design: the phosphatides to cholesterol ratio was 25∶1, and the drug to lipid ratio was 1∶10, 40℃. The liposomes were a multi-layer spherical orellipsoidal shape with a uniform size. The mean diameter of melatonin liposomes  was(5.542±0.04)μm. The Zeta potential was -31.68?mV. The drug loading and entrapment efficiency of melatonin liposomes were (77.23±2.51)% and (3.60±0.29)%, respectively. In vitro release could be sustained for 72h and conformed to bio-exponential kinetics (rα=0.988?6 and rβ=0.9874). Conclusion  Melatonin liposomes made by using the film dispersion method have a high encapsulation efficiency and have a good delayed-release property in vitro.