Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences)

Effects of P2X7 receptor inhibitors on behaviour and gut microbiota in adolescent rats with post-traumatic stress disorder

XU Jingjing, WANG Xinqi, ZHANG Yang, XU Wangwang, GAO Jin

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 1-9. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1315

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Objective To investigate the effects of the purinergic ligand-gated ion channel 7(P2X7)receptor inhibitor on behaviour and gut microbiota in adolescent rats with post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD). Methods Three-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: control group, model group, and inhibitor group. An animal model of PTSD was established using single prolonged stress and contextual fear conditioning. Following stress induction, early intervention was administered via intraperitoneal injection of the P2X7 receptor inhibitor Brilliant Blue G. Behavioural tests were conducted to assess the rats’ behaviour and metagenomic absolute quantification sequencing was employed to analyse alterations in the fecal microbiota. Results Compared to the model group, the P2X7 receptor inhibitor significantly reduced freezing time(P=0.049 9), increased the percentage of time spent in the open arms(P=0.004), increased both movement distance and time spent in the central area(P=0.001, P=0.003), and improved the accuracy of spontaneous alternation(P=0.008). Analysis of metagenomic absolute quantification sequencing revealed that the P2X7 receptor inhibitor increased the overall abundance of the gut microbiota(P=0.003), particularly the absolute abundances of Bacillota(P=0.002), Lachnospiraceae(P=0.006)and Oscillospiraceae(P=0.003). In addition, metabolic functions including lipid metabolism, biodegradation and metabolism of xenobiotics, and metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were affected. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant association between the absolute abundances of the different microbiota and PTSD-like behaviour. Conclusion Early intervention with the P2X7 receptor inhibitor after stress exposure can significantly alleviate PTSD-like behaviour in adolescent rats. These effects may be related to modulation of the overall abundance, composition, and metabolic functions of the gut microbiota.

Relationship between diet and physical and mental health among senior high school students in Shandong Province, China

QIAO Jiarui, YOU Xinyu, JIA Xue, WANG Wenhua, LIU Shaozhuang, YI Xiangren, WANG Baozhen

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 10-18. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1310

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Objective To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and physical and mental health of senior high school students in Shandong Province. Methods The study was conducted using probability proportional sampling, resulting in the inclusion of 1,102 eligible senior high school students. The dietary data of the senior high school students were collected using a simplified food frequency questionnaire, physical fitness data were collected using the National Physical Fitness Test, and mental health data were collected using the Symptom Self-Assessment Scale(SCL-90). Principal component analysis was used to construct different dietary patterns, and the study participants were divided into Q1-Q4 groups according to the dietary pattern factor scores; multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and physical fitness and mental health. Results Principal component analysis revealed 3 main dietary patterns: beverage-fast-food pattern, meat-egg-milk-fruit pattern, and vegetarian pattern. In terms of physical fitness, the beverage-fast-food pattern was significantly and negatively associated with the physical test score(model 1: β=-3.86-1.76, P<0.05), but after controlling for potential confounders, only the Q3 and Q4 groups maintained a significant association with the total physical test score(P<0.05). The meat-egg-milk-fruit pattern was positively associated with the total physical test score in model 1(β=2.21-2.27, P<0.05), but the association was no longer significant after adjusting for confounders(P>0.05). Vegetarian pattern was not significantly associated with total physical test score(P>0.05). In terms of mental health, the beverage-fast-food pattern was positively associated with the total SCL-90 scale score(model 1: β=0.11-0.13, P<0.05), and the association was no longer significant after controlling for confounders for the Q3 group only(P>0.05). The high score of the vegetarian pattern was negatively associated with the total SCL-90 scale score and remained significant after controlling for confounders(P<0.05). The meat-egg-milk-fruit pattern was not significantly associated with the total SCL-90 scale score(P>0.05). Conclusion The high proportion of beverage-fast-food diet pattern among high school students in Shandong Province is significantly associated with physical health and mental health problems. The meat-egg-milk-fruit pattern is beneficial to physical health but has no significant effect on mental health. The vegetarian pattern has potential protective effect on mental health. The importance of individual health counselling is emphasized. It is recommended that schools, families and public health authorities develop targeted interventions accordingly to improve adolescents dietary patterns and promote their overall healthy development.

Relationship between body composition and metabolic associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional analysis

WU Haihuan, WANG Longlong, ZHAO Li, ZHANG Bing, MU Yanan, ZHANG Ge, SUN Chunhua

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 19-25. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0895

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Objective To explore the association and risk factors between body composition and metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD), and to provide a theoretical basis for early prevention, screening and intervention of MAFLD. Methods A total of 4,046 healthy physical examiners were selected from April 2021 to April 2022, and the subjects were divided into MAFLD group(n=1,347)and non-MAFLD group(n=2,699)according to the examination results. The differences of general information, body composition and laboratory indices between the two groups were compared. Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors for MAFLD. Results The prevalence of MAFLD was 33.29%(1,347/4,046). The prevalence of MAFLD was higher in patients with hypertension, alcohol drinking, older age, overweight and abdominal obesity, with statistical significance(P<0.05). The values of body mass index(BMI), percent body fat(PBF), waist-to-hip ratio(WHR), visceral fat area(VFA), arm circumference(AC), weight, liver function, blood lipid, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure in the MAFLD group were significantly higher than those in the non-MAFLD group, with statistical significance(P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that VFA(OR=1.010, 95%CI:1.006-1.014, P<0.001), PBF(OR=1.239, 95%CI:1.091-1.408, P=0.001), WHR(OR=37.925, 95%CI: 2.866-501.899, P=0.006), AC(OR=1.387, 95%CI:1.327-1.449, P<0.001), TG(OR=2.049, 95%CI:1.841-2.279, P<0.001)were independent influencing factors of MAFLD. Conclusion PBF, WHR, VFA, and AC are recognized as independent determinants of MAFLD. Monitoring changes of body composition, reducing WHR, PBF and VFA, and actively controlling fasting blood lipid level are important in the prevention of MAFLD.

Development and validation of a prediction model for muscle mass loss in office workers

CHEN Yingyi, YOU Qian, WANG Yi, ZHANG Fan, LI Feng, JI Shuming, XU Haoyuan, RAO Zhiyong

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 26-35. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1040

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Objective To investigate and analyze the prevalence of muscle mass loss in office workers and the contributing factors, and to construct and validate a risk prediction model to inform the development of an intervention program. Methods Two hundred and eighty-six office workers from institutions and agencies who underwent medical check-ups at the Health Management Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from March 2023 to December 2023 were selected and surveyed using food frequency questionnaires, exercise questionnaires, physical examination, body composition analysis, and laboratory tests. Factors influencing muscle mass were analyzed using R software(RStudio,version number 4.4.1), and a risk prediction model was established and validated. Results The prevalence of muscle mass loss was 26.22%; high glucose and low BMI were risk factors for muscle mass loss, high BUN/Cr, high actual daily energy intake/recommended daily energy intake ratio, high fresh fruits intake, high grip strength score and overweight were protective factors for muscle mass loss, and a model was constructed; the area under the ROC curve of the model was verified to be 0.83, and the Youden index was 0.52. The optimal risk threshold was set as 14.40%. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve assessed that the fit of the model was high(χ2=11.98,P=0.152), and predicted that the threshold probability value of the model was in the range of 0.07-0.93. Conclusion The prediction model in this study has a good predictive effect and good fit, which will facilitate medical and technical nurses to assess the risk of developing muscle mass loss and helps to provide a reference for early prevention for office workers at high risk of muscle mass loss.

Mendelian randomization analysis of dietary factors and cognitive impairment in European populations

LI Jianfeng, ZHANG Zhan, DING Xinhua, GAO Fentang, HE Qinli, XIE Ping

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 36-43. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1091

Abstract ( 63 )

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Objective To explore the potential causal effects of dietary factors on cognitive function. Methods Utilizing genome-wide association studies(GWAS)data, Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationship between dietary factors and cognitive function, employing the inverse-variance weighted(IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression. Heterogeneity tests, sensitivity analyses, and pleiotropy analyses were also performed. Results The results demonstrated positive causal relationships between cognitive function and cheese consumption(IVW: OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.54-2.40, P<0.001)as well as dried fruit intake(IVW: OR=1.64, 95%CI: 1.07-2.53, P=0.03). Conversely, negative causal relationships were observed between cognitive function and alcohol consumption frequency(IVW: OR=0.79, 95%CI: 0.71-0.87, P<0.001)as well as pork intake(IVW: OR=0.47, 95%CI: 0.24-0.91, P=0.03). No pleiotropy was detected in all results, and the leave-one-out method suggested the robustness of the findings. No causal relationship was found between other dietary factors and cognitive function. Conclusion Increased consumption of cheese and dried fruits are associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment, while higher frequency of alcohol consumption and increased pork intake are associated with an elevated risk of cognitive impairment. However, larger GWAS datasets are still needed to further validate these relationships, along with studies investigating the potential underlying mechanisms to support these conclusions. Additionally, no significant causal relationships are observed between other dietary factors and cognitive function.

Two-sample Mendelian randomization of the relationship between gut microbiota and the risk of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

WANG Xiaolei, FANG Jun, WANG An, ZHU Wuhui, SHI Guangjun

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 44-50. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0686

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Objective To evaluate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ECC)by using two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis. Methods Genome-wide association study(GWAS)data of human gut microbiota were obtained from the official website of MiBioGen Alliance as exposure factors, and GWAS data of ECC were obtained from the official website of GWAS Catalog as the outcome. Five methods, including random effect inverse variance weighting, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, simple model and weighted model, were used to conduct two-sample MR to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and the risk of ECC. Sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity test and pleiotropy test were also conducted to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the results. Results Finally, 55 instrumental variables related to gut microbiota were selected. MR results showed that the Oscillospira(OR=6.705, 95%CI: 1.612-27.890, P=0.009), Prevotella 7(OR=2.565, 95%CI: 1.108-5.940, P=0.028) and Family_XIII_AD3011_group(OR=5.513, 95%CI: 1.186-25.620, P=0.029)were positively correlated with ECC. There was a negative causal relationship between Acidaminococcaceae(OR=0.113, 95%CI: 0.026-0.500, P=0.004), Lactobacillaceae(OR=0.349, 95%CI: 0.132-0.924, P=0.034), Butyrivibrio(OR=0.493, 95%CI: 0.252-0.963, P=0.039)and ECC. The direction of MR Egger, weighted median method, simple model and weighted model was consistent with inverse variance weighted method. Sensitivity analysis showed no horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity, and MR results were reliable. Conclusion There is a potential causal relationship between Oscillospira, Prevotella 7, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Acidaminococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Butyrivibrio and ECC.

Application and perspectives of frailty and sarcopenia assessment in predicting postoperative outcomes of gastrointestinal tumours

WANG Baoxuan, JIAO Jie, ZHANG Houjun, LIU Qi, YU Guanying

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 51-58. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1231

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Frailty and sarcopenia are common comorbidities in patients with gastrointestinal tumours before surgery. Through mechanisms involving inflammatory pathways and metabolic abnormalities, these conditions significantly increase the risk of postoperative complications and mortality. However, current assessment tools for frailty and sarcopenia are often used independently, and a unified system for combined assessment is still lacking. This study systematically reviews the diagnostic methods for frailty and sarcopenia and their application in predicting postoperative outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal tumours, highlighting the importance of early detection and intervention. Despite its innovative nature, this study is limited by regional limitations and variability in assessment tools, which require further validation through future multicentre studies. The integration of precision prediction models based on artificial intelligence offers a new direction for optimising intervention strategies and improving patient outcomes, so as to provide novel insights for perioperative management and clinical decision-making.

Furin regulates mitophagy and liver fibrosis progression through phosphatase and tensin homolog-long in mouse

SONG Yanwei, FU Zhenmei, XU Jingyi, MA Mingze, SUN Linlin

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 59-68. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1106

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Objective To investigate the regulatory role of Furin in the progression of liver fibrosis and the molecular mechanisms involved. Methods Forty C57 mice were randomly divided into the Furin overexpression group and the control group, with 20 mice in each group. The mice were intraperitoneally injected with CCL4 to induce animal models of liver fibrosis for 8 weeks. Four weeks after CCL4 induction, mice in the Furin overexpression group received tail vein injections of Furin expression transfection plasmids until the end of the experiment, while the control group was injected with empty control plasmids. The effect of Furin on the progression of liver fibrosis was investigated. Primary hepatic stellate cells from C57 mice were isolated by the Nycodenz density gradient separation method and cultured in vitro. The expression and localisation of Furin in liver fibrosis/cirrhosis tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry / immunofluorescence staining assay. Protein expression levels in tissues and cells were detected by Western blotting. The proliferation activity of Furin-treated hepatic stellate cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. Changes in cell migration ability of each group by different treatments were detected by Transwell assay. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential of cells in different treatment groups were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining. Results Furin was significantly upregulated in cirrhosis tissues and activated primary hepatic stellate cells. The activation, proliferation and migration abilities of hepatic stellate cells in the Furin treatment group were significantly inhibited(P<0.05), while those in the control group were not affected. The mitochondrial membrane potential of hepatic stellate cells in the Furin treatment group was significantly decreased, while that in the control group was not significantly changed(P<0.05). The mitochondrial membrane potential of stellate cells also decreased significantly in PTEN-L knockdown experiments(P<0.05), while there were no significant changes in the control group. In CCl₄-induced liver fibrosis mice, the severity of liver fibrosis was milder in Furin overexpression group mice, while the control group mice showed more severe histological changes of liver fibrosis. Conclusion Furin targets PTEN-L to enhance hepatic stellate cell mitophagy and inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation and progression of liver fibrosis in mice.

Effect of α5-nAChR on the expression of c-Fos in nucleus ambiguus in chronic stress-induced lung adenocarcinoma mice

CAI Jiaying, WANG Jingting, WANG Zengping, WANG Jing, JIA Yanfei, MA Xiaoli

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 69-74. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0717

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Objective To investigate the effect of α5-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor(α5-nAChR)on the expression of c-Fos in nucleus ambiguus in chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced lung adenocarcinoma mice. Methods The expression and correlation between α5-nAChR and Ki67 in tumour tissues of the NC+CUMS group(n=6), the CUMS+CHRNA5^+/+ group(n=6)and the CUMS+CHRNA5^+/++Mec group(n=6)were examined using immunohistochemistry in lung adenocarcinoma mice. Immunofluorescence technique was used to detect the expression of c-Fos in nucleus ambiguus of the NC group(n=6), the NC+CUMS group(n=6), the CUMS+CHRNA5^+/+ group and the CUMS+CHRNA5^+/++Mec group(n=6)in lung adenocarcinoma mice. Results α5-nAChR was positively correlated with the expression of Ki67(P<0.05)and α5-nAChR mediates chronic stress-induced lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation. α5-nAChR expression was positively correlated with the expression of c-Fos in nucleus ambiguus(P<0.05). Conclusion α5-nAChR mediates the expression of c-Fos in nucleus ambiguus in chronic stress-induced lung adenocarcinoma mice.

Association between the heart rate variation and the prognosis in patients with acute heart failure at hospital admission and discharge

LI Jing, HAO Panpan

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 75-82. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0949

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Objective To explore the correlation between heart rate changes at admission and discharge and prognosis in patients with acute heart failure. Methods One hundred and sixty-nine patients diagnosed with acute heart failure at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were included from January 2018 to November 2021, then a one-year follow-up was conducted. Using the median value of 11 beats/min as the cutoff for the difference in heart rate at admission and discharge, patients were divided into the heart rate difference <11 beats/min group(n=84)and the heart rate difference ≥11 beats/min group(n=85). The baseline demographic characteristics, physical examination, history of underlying diseases, and laboratory test results between the two groups were compared. Log-rank test was used to compare the difference in one-year survival rates between the two groups, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted. For the primary outcome, multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between changes in heart rate at admission and discharge and survival status during the vulnerable period as well as at one-year follow-up. For the secondary outcomes, multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between changes in heart rate at admission and discharge and the recurrence during the vulnerable period and one year follow-up. Binary Logistic regression analyzed the relationship between changes in heart rate at admission and discharge and the 6-minute walk distance. Additionally, multiple linear regression explored the relationship between patients heart rate changes at admission and discharge and quality of life among patients. Results The results of Log-rank analysis indicated that the patients in the heart rate difference <11 beats/min group had higher risk of death compared to the patients in the heart rate difference ≥11 beats/min group, with a statistically significant difference in one-year all-cause mortality(Log-rank P=0.002). Multivariate Cox regression indicated that the patients in the heart rate difference <11 beats/min group had higher risk of death(vulnerable period: HR=2.939, 95%CI: 1.038-8.321; one-year follow-up: HR=3.837, 95%CI: 1.383-10.644), with statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Older age(HR=1.046, 95%CI: 1.008-1.085, P=0.017), history of atrial fibrillation(HR=2.530, 95%CI: 1.019-6.278, P=0.045), heart rate difference <11 beats/min(HR=3.837, 95%CI:1.383-10.644, P=0.010), and NT-proBNP reduction <30%(HR=4.269, 95%CI: 1.809-10.074, P=0.001)were independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in acute heart failure patients. Cox regression analysis showed that the patients in the heart rate difference <11 beats/min group had higher risks of disease(one-year follow-up: HR=1.794, 95%CI: 1.150-2.799)compared to the patients in the heart rate difference ≥11 beats/min group, with a statistically significant difference in one-year rehospitalization rate(P<0.05). The results of binary Logistic regression indicated that patients in the heart rate difference <11 beats/min group had significantly higher risk(OR=4.593, 95%CI: 2.184-9.661)of a 6-minute walking distance less than 450 meters compared to the patients in the heart rate ≥ 11 beats/min group(P<0.05). Conclusion Changes of heart rate between admission and discharge in patients with acute heart failure are associated with mortality within one year. A smaller heart rate difference is associated with a higher risk of death within one year after discharge. Patients with a greater heart rate differential at admission and discharge have a significantly greater benefit than patients with a smaller heart rate differential in terms of 1-year rehospitalization and 6-minute walk distance.

Composition and antifungal susceptibility surveillance of clinically isolated fungi from children and adults in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2021

WANG Mengyuan, ZHANG Chunyan, YU Wenwen, KOU Linna, WANG Shifu

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 83-93. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0470

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Objective To monitor the clinically isolated fungi in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2021, and compare the difference in composition and antifungal drug sensitivity of isolated fungi between children and adults. Methods Based on the Shandong Province pediatric bacterial & fungal antimicrobial resistance surveillance system(SPARSS), clinical isolation fungal information from 47 comprehensive hospitals, 11 maternal and child health hospitals, and 1 childrens hospital in Shandong Province from 2018 to 2021 was collected, and WHONET V5.6 software was used to analyze the composition and drug sensitivity of fungi in different populations. Results A total of 15,348 strains of fungi were collected, of which 95.5% were isolated from adults and 4.5% from children. The predominant fungi isolated were Candida(78.4%)and Aspergillus(17.8%). Among the Candida isolates, C. albicans(41.8%), C. tropicalis(22.7%), C. glabrata(17.5%), and C. parapsilosis(11.0%)were the most common, while Aspergillus isolates were predominantly composed of A. fumigatus(53.7%), A. flavus(15.3%), and A. niger(7.2%). The top five fungi isolated from adults were C. albicans(32.1%), C. tropicalis(18.1%), C. glabrata(14.0%), A. fumigatus(9.8%)and C. parapsilosis(8.5%). For children, the top five isolated fungi were C. albicans(47.3%), C. tropicalis(11.2%), C. parapsilosis(10.6%), C. glabrata(6.8%), and A. fumigatus(4.4%). A total of 1,989 fungal isolates were obtained from sterile specimens, predominantly composed of Candida(90.2%)and Cryptococcus(4.3%). During the 4 years, no significant trend was observed in the fungal composition from adults. However, among the isolates from children, there was a decrease in the proportion of C. albicans and an increase in non-albicans Candida. Overall, the proportion of abdominal dropsy isolates identified as C. albicans decreased from 61.8% in 2018 to 46.2% in 2021. Most Candida species exhibited high sensitivity to amphotericin B, with wild-type rates exceeding 97%. Candida species varied significantly in their susceptibility to azoles, with the susceptibility rates of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis to fluconazole and voriconazole were 91.7%/84.7% and 91.6%/87.4%, respectively, while C. tropicalis were 67.8% and 40.6%. C. tropicalis showed a sustained decrease in susceptibility to azoles, with susceptibility rates to fluconazole and voriconazole decreased from 70.4%/46.4% in 2018 to 65.3%/35.2% in 2021. The resistance of some Candida species from children and adults to azoles was different. The resistance rates of C. tropicalis isolated from children to fluconazole and voriconazole were 40.6% and 32.8%, higher than 27.4% and 23.2% in adult isolates. The resistance/non-wild type rates of C. glabrata isolated from children to fluconazole and voriconazole were 16.2% and 25.7%, higher than 3.4% and 18.0% in adult isolates. Conclusion In Shandong Province, Candida and Aspergillus are the predominant fungi isolated. There are differences in the fungal species composition and drug sensitivity between adults and children. The declining trend of C. albicans in pediatric patients and the higher resistance of non-albicans Candida to azoles contribute to a more critical situation of antifungal resistance in pediatric fungi. Additionally, the annual decrease in susceptibility of C. tropicalis to fluconazole also warrants attention and corresponding measures.

Application of exergaming on childhood cancer survivors

GONG Rong, CUI Naixue, CHEN Kaiyue, ZHAO Jia, SHAN Ruijie, ZHANG Xunqi

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 94-99. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1120

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Objective To provide references for healthcare professionals in developing rehabilitation and nursing plans for childhood cancer survivors(CCS)by conducting a scoping review of relevant studies on the application of exergaming in CCS, and summarizing the content and current status of exergaming interventions. Methods Using the scoping review guidelines developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute as methodological guidance, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, EBSCO, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and CBM were searched with a retrieval period spanning from the inception to February 18, 2025. Results A total of 8 articles were included. Exergames primarily involved aerobic exercises, exercise intensity was mostly moderate, with a frequency of 2-3 times per week and durations of 30-60 minutes per session. During the intervention period, the frequency and intensity were dynamically adjusted according to the childrens performance, game type, and complexity. Exergames improved physical function, immune function, and sleep quality in CCS, but showed limited effects on psychological indicators. No adverse events were reported, and the children showed a high degree of acceptance. Conclusion As a physical activity intervention based on video games, exergames have good feasibility and safety. Future research should prioritize cost-effective and scalable exergaming app-based trials, alongside the development of scenario-specific dynamic intervention systems, to further explore the therapeutic role of exergaming in CCS rehabilitation.

Association between extreme precipitation and other infectious diarrhea in China from 2014 to 2019

ZHANG Xiaochi, LYU Tingting, YU Wenhao, LI Guoao, GAO Shanshan, ZHAO Qi, WANG Liyou

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 100-105. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0896

Abstract ( 65 )

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Objective To provide a foundation for developing targeted prevention and control measures for other infectious diarrhea(OID)by investigating the association between extreme precipitation and the risk of in China from 2014 to 2019, and assessing the impact of climatic characteristics and drought levels on the OID risk associated with extreme precipitation. Methods Data on OID cases and hydrometeorological conditions were collected from 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China between 2014 and 2019. A two-stage time series analysis based on quasi-Poisson regression was employed to quantify the association between the frequency of extreme precipitation events and the risk of OID. Additionally, the modifying effects of natural sub-regions and drought levels(quantified by the 6-month standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index)were analyzed. Results A total of 5,595,698 OID cases were reported in the study area from 2014 to 2019. A significant positive association between the frequency of extreme precipitation events and the risk of OID was observed, with a relative risk of 1.03(95%CI: 1.03-1.04). The risk of OID associated with extreme precipitation was highest in the warm-temperate humid and sub-humid north China. In contrast, the risk in the subtropical humid central and south China, the tropic humid south China, and the temperate and warm-temperate desert of northwest China was significantly lower than in the warm-temperate humid and sub-humid north China(P<0.05). The modifying effect of drought levels was significant, with a higher risk of diarrhea associated with extreme precipitation under high drought conditions. Conclusion The frequency of extreme precipitation events is positively associated with the risk of OID which has provided a foundation for the development of region-specific prevention measures for OID.

Influence of predominant chemical pollutants indoor air on practitioners health in barber shops and beauty salons in Qingdao from 2018 to 2023

XU Chunsheng, ZHANG Xiuqin, LI Dandan, WANG Yin, ZHOU Hui, YIN Jingya, PAN Lu, GE Nan, YU Haoyan, SHI Yanfei, WANG Bingling, DUAN Haiping

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 106-109. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0749

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Objective To provide a scientific foundation for the protection of their health by investigating the impact of predominant chemical pollutants in indoor air environments of barber shops and beauty salons in Qingdao on the health of the practitioners. Methods Twenty-three hairdressing and thirteen beauty salons in Qingdao were selected for a study conducted between 2018 and 2023. During this period, ten rounds of monitoring were carried out, totaling 138 visits, to measure the concentrations of predominant chemical pollutants(ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, PM₁₀, PM_2.5)in the indoor air of these establishments. Additionally, questionnaires were distributed to the practitioners, gathering data on their eye health, respiratory system, skin, and nervous system conditions, amounting to 590 responses. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between chemical pollutants and the health status of the practitioners. Results The median concentration of ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were 0.15 mg/m³, 0.032 mg/m³, 0.002 1 mg/m³, 0.004 0 mg/m³, 0.002 0 mg/m³, 81.5 μg/m³ and 34.0 μg/m³, respectively. The practitioners complained symptoms of eyes, respiratory system, skin and neurological system, which accounted for 17.1%, 13.1%, 7.5% and 15.4%, respectively. Compared with low concentration level, high concentration level of benzene and PM₁₀ in indoor air could increase the risks of ocular symptoms of the practitioners. The corresponding OR(95%CI)were 3.75(1.37-10.24)and 3.97(1.10-14.34), respectively. High concentration level of formaldehyde, toluene, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 could increase the risks of respiratory system symptoms. The OR(95%CI)were 2.65(1.15-6.13), 4.73(1.49-15.04), 4.69(1.22-18.05)and 2.99(1.00-8.93), respectively. High concentration level of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and PM₁₀ could increase the risks of neurological system symptoms. The OR(95%CI) were 4.50(1.76-11.54), 7.84(2.10-29.22), 3.20(1.23-8.33)and 3.29(1.26-8.59), respectively. Conclusion The predominant chemical pollutants in the indoor air of barber shops and beauty salons in Qingdao could affect the health of the practitioners, with higher concentration levels posing greater risks. Appropriate protective measures should be implemented to reduce the health risks for the practitioners.

Mechanism of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in Graves disease recurrence and clinical significance

YANG Weifang, XU Hong, LIU Yuantao, ZHAO Huichen

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2025, 63(4): 116-121. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1416

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Graves disease, the leading cause of autoimmune hyperthyroidism, has a recurrence rate exceeding 50%, greatly impacting patients quality of life. Thyrotrophin receptor antibody(TRAb)is a specific biomarker for diagnosing, treating, and predicting the recurrence of Graves disease. TRAb levels strongly correlate with disease activity and recurrence risk, and are key for deciding on drug withdrawal. However, the specific mechanism and clinical application of TRAb in Graves disease still remain unclear. This paper investigates the role of TRAb in Graves disease recurrence, so as to explore its mechanisms and clinical importance to inform clinical practice.

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