Student mental health has become one of the critical issues receiving national priority, social concern, and public demand. The limitations of addressing or treating mental disorders will become increasingly evident if researchers and healthcare professionals conduct studies and interventions within the confines of a single discipline, such as psychology, psychiatry, neuroscience or clinical medicine. In alignment with the problem-solving-oriented trend in scientific development, research and intervention grounded in multidisciplinary collaboration(new modes of cooperation based on disciplines)or interdisciplinary integration(new research paradigms emerging from multiple disciplines)offer broad prospects and multiple pathways for effectively addressing student mental health issues and enhancing student mental health literacy. Taking the prevention and intervention of school bullying and depression as examples, this paper further illustrates the practical potential of these approaches.

The increasing complexity, chronicity, and earlier age of onset of mental health disorders among children and adolescents in China pose substantial challenges to traditional diagnostic and therapeutic models. This review examines the current landscape of mental health services in China and systematically explores the necessity and feasible pathways for transitioning from fragmented and nonspecific approaches toward precision assessment and integrated intervention. It underscores the foundational role of a comprehensive evaluation system that integrates biological, psychological, and social dimensions in facilitating individualized interventions. Within the biopsychosocial framework, we provide an in-depth analysis of synergistic intervention strategies integrating pharmacotherapy, evidence-based psychotherapies, neuromodulation techniques, and socio-environmental support. Modifiable biological indicators, including lifestyle factors, nutritional status, and metabolic profiles, are increasingly recognized as important complementary components in precision assessment and clinical decision-making. Drawing on recent exploratory studies of neuromodulation in children and adolescents, this review further discusses their potential clinical value and limitations within an integrated intervention framework. We also analyze current practical challenges and propose a forward-looking framework for building a unified and continuous service system. This approach aims to provide strategic insights for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic models for child and adolescent mental health in China.

As first-line clinical drugs, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs)have significant limitations due to their high rate of adverse reactions and limited evidence-based medical data for the adolescent population. Shugan Jieyu Capsules, as a multi-target traditional Chinese medicine compound formulation, have shown good efficacy and safety in the treatment of adult depression. However, systematic reviews of their use in adolescent patients are lacking. This article discusses three dimensions: the pathophysiological mechanisms and current treatment status of adolescent depression, the antidepressant pharmacological mechanisms of Shugan Jieyu Capsules, and their efficacy and safety in the treatment of adolescent depression, and focuses on elaborating the core mechanisms through which Shugan Jieyu Capsules exert antidepressant effects by regulating neurotransmitter homeostasis, inhibiting neuroinflammation, and improving gut microbiota. Based on randomized controlled trial data, it compares the differences in efficacy and safety between Shugan Jieyu Capsules and SSRI drugs(such as sertraline), aiming to provide evidence-based references for individualized treatment of adolescent depression and promote the application and development of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in adolescent mental health.

Depressive disorder is a common mental health issue among children and adolescents. This disorder has become a major cause of disability and suicide risk among adolescents globally. While medication is a primary treatment approach, medication adherence among pediatric and adolescent depression patients is generally low, directly impacting treatment outcomes and drawing significant attention in recent years. This paper systematically reviewed the concepts, assessment tools, current status, influencing factors, and intervention strategies related to medication adherence in children and adolescents with depressive disorder. Analysis indicates that adherence assessment tools can be broadly categorized into subjective and objective methods. Medication adherence is influenced by the interaction of multiple factors, including patient-related factors, family/social factors, and treatment-related factors. Intervention strategies require multidimensional approaches integrating national policies, technical support, family collaboration, and healthcare system optimization, while fully considering developmental differences among children and adolescents and cross-cultural contexts. By systematically review research progress in this field, this paper aims to provide theoretical foundations and practical evidence for developing precise and effective adherence improvement plans in clinical practice.

Objective To construct latent profiles and symptom networks of cyber-deviance among adolescents, with the goal of identifying potential subgroups and core symptoms. Methods A total of 19,249 adolescents from Jiangxi Province were recruited and assessed using the Scale for Adolescent Internet Deviance. Latent profile analysis was employed to classify subgroups, while network analysis was conducted to identify core symptoms and bridge symptoms. Results The cyber-deviance among adolescents were classified into three distinct subgroups: low cyber-deviance group(n=4,442), moderate cyber-deviance group(n=14,143), high cyber-deviance group(n=664). “Get angry easily when being belittled or laughed at by other” emerged as the central symptom in the network analysis. “Publish false information about other people or things” functioned as a critical bridge symptom connecting different symptom clusters. “Internet aggressive behavior” was identified as a shared core symptom across all three subgroups. Conclusion Cyber-deviance of adolescents exhibits significant heterogeneity. Parents and schools should promptly identify core and bridge symptoms to implement early interventions, thereby reducing such behaviors among adolescents.

Objective To explore the interrelationship between somatic symptoms, childhood trauma, and attachment styles in adolescents with somatic symptom disorder(SSD), identify core symptoms, and infer potential causal pathways. Methods A total of 438 adolescents aged 10-19 with SSD, who visited the Shandong Mental Health Center from June 2024 to December 2024, were included. The patient health questionnaire-15(PHQ-15), the childhood trauma questionnaire(CTQ), and the inventory of parent and peer attachment(IPPA)were used to assess somatic symptoms, traumatic experiences, and attachment relationships, respectively. Undirected network analysis and Bayesian network models were employed to explore the interrelationships between variables and potential causal directions. Results In the undirected network, “headache” and “shortness of breath” were identified as core somatic symptoms. “Brief fainting spells” were most indicative of sexual abuse. Both undirected and directed networks revealed peer alienation and emotional abuse as key nodes for intervening in somatic symptoms. Conclusion Emotional abuse and peer alienation are central risk factors for SSD in adolescents. Clinical interventions should focus on trauma healing and improving attachment relationships to control the exacerbation of the symptom network.

Objective To investigate the negative effects of parental psychological control, bullying victimization, and their cumulative risk on nonsuicidal self-injury(NSSI)in adolescents and the moderating role of self-compassion in these relationships, so as to develop and test a self-compassion intervention program based on a mental health curriculum. Methods A total of 901 adolescents(from 7th to 11th grade)were surveyed with a questionnaire to investigate the relationships among parental psychological control, bullying victimization, and NSSI. The effectiveness of the self-developed self-compassion intervention program was evaluated using a cluster randomized controlled trial with 242 adolescents(8th grade). Results Both parental psychological control and bullying victimization positively predicted NSSI in adolescents, and combined exposure had a stronger effect on NSSI than either risk factor alone. Self-compassion negatively moderated the relationships among parental psychological control, bullying victimization, cumulative risk, and NSSI. The curriculum-based self-compassion intervention significantly increased the self-compassion of adolescents and decreased NSSI. Conclusion Parental psychological control, bullying victimization, and their cumulative effects are risk factors for NSSI in adolescents. Self-compassion mitigates the negative effects of parental psychological control and bullying victimization on NSSI. Furthermore, self-compassion intervention programs can effectively improve adolescents’ self-compassion and reduce NSSI.

Objective To understand the current status of stigma and family resilience in adolescents with emotional disorders and their caregivers, and to explore the relationship between stigma and family resilience in both groups. Methods A total of 281 pairs of adolescents with emotional disorders and their caregivers were recruited using conve-nience sampling during follow-up visits to the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient Department of a tertiary specialty psychiatric hospital in Shanghai between December 2023 and July 2024. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale(FRAS-C), and the Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale(PDD). Independent two-sample t-test, one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA), paired samples t-test, and Pearson correlation analysis were employed for statistical analysis. The actor-partner interdependence model(APIM)was constructed using Mplus 8.3 to analyze the pathways of influence between stigma and family resilience among patients and their caregivers. Results Family resilience scores were significantly lower for adolescents with emotional disorders(86.98±18.05)than for their caregivers(95.31±9.71)(t=-7.442, P<0.001). However, no significant difference was found between patients(29.04±6.87)and caregivers(29.69±5.26)PDD scores(t=-1.423, P>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that patients family resilience scores were positively correlated with caregivers family resilience scores(r=0.192, P<0.01)and negatively correlated with patients and caregivers PDD scores(r=-0.442 and r=-0.240, both P<0.01). Caregivers family resilience scores were negatively correlated with their own and the patients PDD scores(r=-0.314 and r=-0.204, both P<0.01). Patients PDD scores were positively correlated with caregivers PDD scores(r=0.238, P<0.01). The actor-partner interdependence model revealed that for the actor effects, both the patients and the caregivers perceived devaluation-discrimination significantly negatively predicted their own family resilience scores(β=-0.328 and β=-0.273, both P<0.001). For partner effects, patients perceived devaluation-discrimination significantly negatively predicted their caregivers family resilience scores(β=-0.138, P<0.05), and caregivers perceived devaluation-discrimination significantly negatively predicted patients family resilience scores(β=-0.143, P<0.01). Equality constraint tests revealed that the actor and partner effects of stigma on family resilience were similar for patients and caregivers. Conclusion The levels of stigma experienced by adolescents with emotional disorders and their caregivers significantly affect family resilience and interact with each other. To improve overall family resilience, clinical interventions should take a family-centered, comprehensive approach that addresses the needs of patients and caregivers alike and reduces stigma for both.

Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems in children with Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome(KTS). Methods A total of 70 children with KTS and their parents from the Department of Vascular Anomalies and Interventional Radiology, Childrens Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University were surveyed using the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL/4-16)and the Parent-Child Relationship Self-Rating Scale. A control group of 70 healthy children matched 1∶1 by gender and age was established. Results The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems in children with KTS was 31.4%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being a girl was a risk factor for emotional and behavioral problems(OR=3.729, 95%CI: 1.136-12.232),while the associations between the place of residence, parent-child relationship and childrens emotional and behavioral problems were not statistically significant. Conclusion Children with KTS have a relatively high rate of emotional and behavioral problems, which may be associated with the patients gender.

Objective To explore the causal relationship between immune cell phenotypes and autism spectrum disorder. Methods The present study utilised a bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis. The present study utilised publicly available genetic data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)in European populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were utilised as instrumental variables(IVs). The causal effect analysis was primarily executed using the inverse variance weighted(IVW)method, with additional validation conducted via MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode. In order to control for the possibility of false positive results resulting from multiple comparisons, false discovery rate(FDR)correction was performed using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. The heterogeneity of the IVs was assessed by the Cochran Q-test, while the horizontal multiple validity was tested using the MR-Egger intercept analysis and the MR-PRESSO global test. Finally, sensitivity analyses were performed using the leave-one-out method. Results A total of 13,092 SNPs were included in the study as IVs. Following FDR correction(P_FDR>0.05), no statistically significant association was identified between immune cell phenotypes and ASD. Nevertheless, six low P-value phenotypes merit further discussion in the uncorrected analysis. Specifically, the percentage of CD8⁺T cells in leukocytes(OR=1.099,95%CI:1.039-1.163, P_IVW=0.001), the expression level of CD20 in lgD⁺CD38^-B cells(OR=1.064, 95%CI:1.019-1.110, P_IVW=0.005)and the expression level of CD45 in immature MDSCs(OR=1.056,95%CI: 1.021-1.093, P_IVW=0.001)may incease ASD risk. In addition, CD45 expression level in HLA DR⁺ T cells(OR=0.945, 95%CI:0.906-0.986, P_IVW=0.009), CD14 expression level in CD33⁺HLA DR⁺CD14 dim(OR=0.955, 95%CI:0.925-0.987, P_IVW=0.006)and CD25 expression level in CD4 regulatory T cells(OR=0.963, 95% CI:0.939-0.989, P_IVW=0.005)may have a protective effect against ASD. The analyses did not reveal any substantial horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses indicated robust results. Conversely, reverse MR analysis did not demonstrate a substantial impact of ASD on the aforementioned immunophenotype. Conclusion The present study suggests that specific immune cell phenotypes may have a potential causal relationship with the risk of ASD development, and provides a research direction for future exploration of immune-related biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for ASD.

Objective To understand the research current status, hot topics and frontiers of non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents with depressive disorder at home and abroad in the past decade, and to provide a certain theoretical basis for the later development of related research. Methods Using CiteSpace software, a visualization analysis was conducted on literature concerning depressive disorders with non-suicidal self-injury in children and adolescents, indexed in the CNKI and Web of Science core databases from January 1, 2015 to June 7, 2025. Results A total of 180 articles in Chinese and 224 articles in English were included in this study. In the past five years, the number of articles published in both Chinese and English has shown a rapid growth trend, with the largest number of articles published in China. The institution with the highest frequency of Chinese publications in this field was Suzhou Guangji Hospital, authored by Zhu Feng. The institution with the highest frequency of English publications was Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, authored by Zhou Yongjie. The links between authors and institutions in this field need to be strengthened, and the hotspots of the study were focused on epidemiological and co-morbidities, etiological mechanisms and risk factors, and related interventions. Vertical research deepening and multidimensional mechanism analysis, precision interventions and personalized treatment, cross-cultural comparative studies, and other areas represent developmental trends and cutting-edge research. Conclusion Research in this field is currently experiencing rapid growth. Future researchers can leverage Chinas healthcare context to enhance domestic and international collaboration, as well as inter-institutional cooperation. This will advance research toward cutting-edge directions such as longitudinal design, exploration of psychopathological mechanisms, and precision interventions.

Objective To construct a model for predicting the risk of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD)associated with pulmonary encephalopathy based on dynamic nomogram and machine learning, and to verify the predictive efficacy of the model. Methods A total of 272 patients with AECOPD admitted to Taizhou Peoples Hospital from January 2022 to June 2024 were selected as research objects. According to whether they were accompanied by pulmonary encephalopathy, the patients were divided into pulmonary encephalopathy group(n=54)and non-pulmonary encephalopathy group(n=218). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors of AECOPD associated with pulmonary encephalopathy, and the related prediction models were established. Results Univariate analysis showed that there was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index(BMI), smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)course, acute exacerbations, heart rate and serum sodium between the two groups(P>0.05). There were significant differences in partial pressure of oxygen(PaO₂), partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO₂), blood pH, serum potassium, serum albumin and C-reactive protein(CRP)between the two groups(P<0.05). The results of multifactor analysis showed that lower PaO₂, higher PaCO₂, lower blood pH, lower serum potassium and higher CRP levels were independent risk factors for pulmonary encephalopathy in AECOPD patients(P<0.05). Hosmer-Lemeshow fit test showed the following results: for dynamic nomogram, χ2=2.912, P=0.940; for random forest, χ2=12.628, P=0.125; for decision tree models, χ2=9.232, P=0.323. The AUCs were 0.874(95%CI: 0.822-0.925), 0.802(95%CI: 0.727-0.877)and 0.847(95%CI: 0.788-0.905), respectively. Conclusion Dynamic nomogram, random forest and decision tree models based on risk factors can effectively predict the risk of pulmonary encephalopathy in patients with AECOPD.

Objective To investigate the impact of short-term exposure to 2.5-micrometer particulate matter(PM_2.5)on the risk of tuberculosis(TB)incidence and its heterogeneity across populations, space, and time, providing a scientific basis for developing targeted public health intervention strategies. Methods Data from 1,207 newly diagnosed TB cases in Jinan from from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected. By integrating machine learning models with geographic information systems, a hundred-meter grid-level PM_2.5 exposure assessment model was constructed to precisely estimate individual PM_2.5 exposure levels. A time-stratified case-crossover design was employed, and conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the association between short-term PM_2.5 exposure(0-3 days lag)and TB incidence, while evaluating effect differences by age, sex, season, and residential area. Results For each 1 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5 concentration, the risk of TB incidence increased by 0.45%(95%CI: 0.12%-0.78%)at a 2-day lag(P<0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed significantly higher risks among the elderly(OR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.974-1.32), females(OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.03-1.11), during cold seasons(OR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.05-1.19), and in rural areas(OR=1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08)(P<0.05). Conclusion Short-term PM_2.5 exposure significantly increases the risk of TB incidence, with notable heterogeneity across populations and seasons in Jinan, Shandong Province, necessitating targeted prevention and control strategies for high-risk groups and polluted seasons.

Telisotuzumab Vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting c-Met protein. Telisotuzumab Vedotin was approved for adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer with high c-Met protein expression by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on May 14, 2025. Telisotuzumab Vedotin is the first c-Met-targeted antibody-drug conjugate approved for clinical use.The mechanism,pharmacokinetics,clinical research and safety of Telisotuzumab Vedotin were reviewed in this article.