Table of Content

  

10 January 2015
Volume 53 Issue 1

Emergency response to Ebolavirus disease: action in China

WANG Xianjun, JIANG Xiaolin, XU Aiqiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  1-5.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.2.2014.001

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Since Mar. 2014, the outbreak of Ebolavirus disease in West Africa has become the world's largest public health issue. Many countries provide their supports to help fighting against the disease, including the supplication of materials, technical personals, prevention technology and measures, and so on. The Chinese government pays much attention to the Ebola epidemic prevention and control, including carefully organizing Ebola prevention in China and actively providing aid to West Africa countries at the same time. However, there are still many weaknesses in urgent need of improvement and perfection. As long as Ebolavirus disease in West Africa is not well controlled, the risk of importing Ebola into China will exist all the time. Thus, the prevention and control situation is still serious in China.

Extraction and identification of mouse islet microvascular endothelial cells (MS-1)-derived exosomes

XIAO Fang, JIANG Weidong, WANG Xiaohong, QIN Aiqiong, HAN Min, CHEN Li

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  6-9.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.348

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Objective To establish a method for mouse islet microvascular endothelial cells (MS-1)-derived exosome extraction and identification. Methods Exosomes from the supernatant of MS-1 cells were collected by the combination of step-by-step centrifugations and ultracentrifugation, then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blotting. Results The extract was of round vesicle structure, surrounded by an intact double membrane, containing low electron density material inside. The diameters of exosomes ranged from 40-100 nm. The exosomes scattered or gathered into a micelles, and positively expressed CD63, CD9, and TSG101 molecules. Conclusion The extracts are proved to be exosomes and the method for extraction and identification will facilitate further clinical and basic researches.

Hydrogen-rich water alleviates ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice with fatty liver

LI Shaowei, LIU Zongzheng, LIU Chunxia, ZHANG Yanru, ZHOU Huanmin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  10-15.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.715

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Objective To explore the protective effect of hydrogen-rich water on liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in mice models with fatty liver and the possible mechanism. Methods A total of 30 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated group (SO), control group (mice with steatotic liver perfused with water before ischemia induction) and hydrogen-rich water group (mice with steatotic liver perfused with hydrogen-rich water before ischemia reperfusion). Six hours after reperfusion, the mice were sacrificed, and serum and liver samples were collected. The ALT and AST levels in serum were determined and liver histological damage was evaluated. The infiltration of macrophages was detected. The mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and OPN mRNA were assayed using real-time reverse transcription PCR. The expression of activated Caspase-3 was checked with Western blotting. Results Compared with control group, 6 hours following reperfusion, mice in hydrogen-rich water group exhibited lower levels of ALT and AST (P<0.05), lower expression of inflammatory cytokines and Caspase-3, milder histological damage, and less infiltration of macrophages (P<0.05). Conclusion Hydrogen-rich water given by gavage can alleviate steatotic liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidant stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis induced by reperfusion.

Impact of miR-486-5p on the biological behavior of colorectal carcinoma SW620 cells

LIU Chengxia, LI Ming, LIAN Haifeng, SHI Ning

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  16-20.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.359

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Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-486-5p (miR-486-5p) on the proliferation, apoptosis and migration of human colorectal cancer cell line SW620. Methods The miR-486-5p over-expressing plasmid was constructed and transfected into human colorectal carcinoma cell line SW620 using Lipofectamine^TM2000. The expression of miR-486-5p of the transfected cells was measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the proliferation and apoptosis of SW620 cells were assessed with MTT and flow cytometry, and the in vitro migration abilities of SW620 cells was detected with Transwell test. Results The expression of miR-486-5p in SW620 cells was markedly up-regulated (8.72±0.52 vs 1.02±0.06). The proliferation (0.92±0.02 vs 1.40±0.03) and migration abilities of SW620 cells (75.20±10.60 vs 142.50±11.30)were inhibited significantly, and apoptosis rate[(15.30%±2.60)% vs (4.70±1.30)%] was increased (P<0.05). Conclusion MiR-486-5p can effectively suppress the proliferation and in vitro migration abilities of SW620 cells, and increase the apoptosis rate, indicating that miR-486-5p might be used as a target for molecular therapy of colorectal cancer.

Effects of TMPyP4-PDT on human immortal cervical epithelial H8 cells

ZONG Liju, ZHANG Youzhong, WANG Jie, WU Shuxia, LIU Hongli, ZHANG Lu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  21-26.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.581

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Objective To investigate the effects of photosensitizer 5, 10, 15, 20-Tetrakis (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl) porphyrin based-photodynamic therapy (TMPyP4-PDT) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human immortal cervical epithelial H8 cells. Methods The morphological changes were observed by inverted microscope. Proliferative viability was evaluated with Cell Counting Kit-8. Apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptosis Detection Kit. The p16^INK4a expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry Strept Avidin-Biotin-enzyme Complex (SABC) method. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and p21 expression were analyzed by Western blotting. Results TMPyP4-PDT could inhibit H8 cellular proliferative viability and induce apoptosis in a TMPyP4 dose-dependent manner. Immunocytochemistry analysis revealed that TMPyP4-PDT could reduce the positive rate of p16^INK4a protein in H8 cells. Western blotting results indicated that TMPyP4-PDT could downregulate hTERT protein expression while upregulate p21 protein in H8 cells. Conclusion TMPyP4-PDT can inhibit H8 cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. The possible mechanism is related to down-regulation of p16^INK4a and hTERT, as well as up-regulation of p21 protein.

Inhibitive effects of lenti virus-mediated hTERT RNA interference and TMPyP4-PDT on cervix cancer SiHa cells

WANG Jie, ZHANG Youzhong, FENG Jinbo, LIU Hongli, ZONG Liju

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  27-33.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.576

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Objective To investigate the effects of lenti-hTERT-shRNA combined with photodynamic therapy mediated by meso-5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(Nmethyl-4-pyridyl) (TMPyP4) on cervical cancer SiHa cells in vitro. Methods Four groups were enrolled in the experiment, including the blank control group, gene therapy group, PDT group and combined treatment group. Lenti-hTERT-shRNA was synthesized and SiHa cells were transfected, then the optimum multiplicity of infection (MOI) was confirmed. After that, the cells were treated with 7.5 μmol/L TMPyP4 and irradiation (blue laser, 4 J/cm²). The proliferative activity of SiHa cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8) assay; the expressions of hTERT, p53, HPV-16 E6, and Caspase-8 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR, and the hTERT protein was tested by immunofluorescence (IF); the apoptosis was examined by AnnexinV-PE/7-AAD double dye kit; the ability of cellular invasion was assessed by Transwell experiment. Results Compared with the blank control group, the other three groups had decreased the expressions of hTERT, HPV-16 E6, and Caspase-8 mRNA, but increased the expression of p53 mRNA. The down-regulation of hTERT protein was the most significant in the combined treatment group (P<0.05). In the combined treatment group, the cellular survivability and invasion ability of SiHa cells were inhibited more markedly than in the other groups (P<0.05), while the apoptosis rate increased more significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion Lenti virus-mediated hTERT RNA interference combined with photodynamic therapy of TMPyP4can suppress the abilities of proliferation and invasion, and enhance the apoptosis rate of cervix cancer SiHa cells.

Effect of rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide on the differentiation and proliferation of over-expressed Notch1(NICD) gene in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro

FU Haiyan, HU Zhansheng, DU Hongyang, LI Chao, BAO Cuifen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  34-40.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.552

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Objective To explore the effect of rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (RGP) on the differentiation and proliferation of over-expressed Notch1(NICD) gene in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Methods The P3 to P5 of BMSCs were randomly divided into the control group (CON group), empty vector group (VEC group) and transfection group (TRA group). The NICD eukaryotic expression vectors were transfected into BM-SCs which were then induced with RGP (concentration 0.2 mg/mL). The general morphology was observed. Protein expression of NICD, neurone specific enolase (NSE) and glial gibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected with immunocytochemetry assay and Western blotting assay. Cell survival rate was assessed with CCK-8 assay. Results The BMSCs in TRA group were glial-like cells after transfection, and the induced cells were neuron-like, especially in TRA group. Immunofluorescence assay showed that the positive cell percentage of Notch1 and GFAP protein expressions in TRA group were significantly higher than those in CON group and VEC group (P<0.05). However, NSE in the three groups had no statistical difference after transfection (P>0.05). The positive cell percentage of NSE in TRA group was remarkably higher than that in CON group and VEC group after induction (P<0.05). The positive rate of Notch1 expression in TRA, CON and VEC groups decreased (P<0.05). The positive rate of NSE expression in TRA, CON and VEC group markedly increased (P<0.01). The positive rate of GFAP expression in TRA group decreased significantly (P<0.01). The CCK-8 assay showed that cell survival rate decreased with time in each group after RGP induction. Conclusion The transfection of NICD over eukaryotic expression vector may induce rat BMSCs into glial-like cells. RGP inhibits the expression of Notch1 protein significantly and induces BMSCs into neuron like cells.

Effects of pingyangmycin combined with sodium hyaluronate on human lymphatic malformation endothelial cells

ZHAO Yiyun, HUANG Jingchun, WANG Yuelian, SHAO Shan, SUN Guangping, CUI Enmei, ZHUO Shaoyang, LIU Shaohua

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  41-46.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.098

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Objective To explore the effects of pingyangmycin (PYM) combined with sodium hyaluronate (HA) on human lymphatic malformations endothelial cells (HLMECs) in vitro. Methods Primary HLMECs were isolated from a HLMs tissue and cultured with endothelial cell medium (ECM). By lymphatic endothelial specific marker LYVE1 and PROX1 staining, the HLMs specimen and HLMECs were identified. The proliferation effects of HLMECs treated with gradient densities of PYM (1, 10, 100, 500 μg/mL) or HA (50, 100, 300, 500 μg/mL) for 12, 24 and 48 hours, were compared with MTT assay, and the optimal concentration of PYM and HA were selected. After that, the HLMECs were treated with PYM and HA of the optimal concentration. After 24 hours, the cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated with MTT assay and TUNEL respectively. Results ① Both LYVE1 and PROX1 were expressed in the HLMs tissue and HLMECs. ② The optimal concentration of PYM and HA was 10 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL respectively. ③ The combination of PYM and HA was more effective than PYM alone on inhibiting HLMECs growth and promoting HLMECs apoptosis. Conclusion The combination of PYM and HA is effective for HLMECs, which can be an alternative in the clinical treatment of lymphatic malformations.

Myocardial MMPs and TIMPs mRNA expressions in Chinese population with atrial fibrillation: a Meta-analysis

ZHANG Lingli, ZHOU Ying, LI Xiaohe, LI Hui, ZHONG Ming, ZHANG Wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  47-53.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.485

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Objective To explore the correlation between myocardial MMPs and TIMPs mRNA levels and Chinese with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Databases including Pubmed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang were searched up to May, 2014, to retrieve published studies comparing myocardial mRNA levels of MMPs and TIMPs in Chinese AF patients and sinus rhythm (SR) patients, and then a meta-analysis was conducted. The cardiac tissue samples were obtained from patients who underwent cardiac surgery. Results Altogether 9 studies with AF patients and SR controls were included. The MMP-1 mRNA expression was higher in AF patients than in controls (SMD=0.48, 95% CI: 0.20 to0.76, P<0.01). The MMP-9 mRNA expression was higher in AF patients than in controls (SMD=1.11, 95% CI: 0.75 to 1.46, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA expressions between AF patients and controls (SMD=-0.56, 95% CI:-1.77 to 0.65, P=0.37), (SMD=0.31, 95% CI:-1.16 to 1.78, P=0.68). Conclusion Atrial fibrosis increases in atrial fibrillation, and the increased transcript levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 are associated with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation and remodeling of atrial structure. However, the role of TIMPs is still unclear.

Cerebral protection of Xingnaojing injection in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery

HAN Xiao, LIU Kun, SHI Jiahai, GAO Fumin, YOU Qingsheng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  54-57.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.513

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Objective To explore the effects and possible influence of Xingnaojing injection in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery with brain function. Methods Thirty valve replacement patients were randomly categorized into the experience group and the control group with 15 cases in each group. The experience group was treated with Xingnaojing injection(0.33 mL/kg) in the priming solution, while the control group were treated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution(0.33 mL/kg). To extract the patients' blood in the jugular venous and radial artery in turn before cardiopulmonary bypass(T₁), 30 mins after aortic cross-clamping (T₂), 30 mins after aortic opening(T₃), 2 hours after aortic opening(T₄) for the detection of neuron specific enolase(NSE), homocysteine (Hcy) and blood gas. At the same time, cerebral oxygen uptake rate(CEO₂) was calculated according to the blood gas in the above mentioned time points of extracorporeal circulation. The incidence of postoperative delirium was compared between the two groups with Confusion Assessment Method for Intensive Care Unit(CAM-ICU). Results In cardiac operation with extracorporeal circulation, the level of NSE in the experience group was significantly lower than that of the control group at the time points of T₂、T₃、T₄(P<0.05). The level of Hcy in the experience group was also significantly lower than that of the control group at the time points of T₃、T₄(P<0.05). The value of CEO₂ in the experience group were significantly higher than that of the control group at the time points of T₄(P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative delirium was significantly lower in the experience group(6.7%) compared with the control group(33.3%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Xingnaojing injectioncan effectively regulate NSE and Hcy in cardiopulmonary bypass heart operation. It can alleviate brain injury and promote the early recovery of brain function, thus, effectively reduce the incidence of early postoperative delirium in patients.

Correlation between pituitary MRI and endocrine functions in patients with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome

WANG Fengxue, WANG Qian, LI Guimei, HU Yanyan, WANG Zengmin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  58-62.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.551

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Objective To investigate the correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and levels of pituitary-target hormones in patients with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS). Methods A total of 64 patients with PSIS were divided into two groups according to the appearance of pituitary stalk: partial PSIS group (group pPSIS) and complete PSIS group (group cPSIS). Meanwhile, 60 healthy children and teenagers were recruited as controls. Pituitary functions were measured and compared between PSIS patients and age-matched controls. Results There was significantly small anterior pituitary in cPSIS group (P<0.01). The incidence of ectopic posterior pituitary was significantly higher in cPSIS group than in pPSIS group (P<0.01). In addition, serum levels of growth hormone (GH), pituitary-thyroid hormones, and pituitary-adrenal hormones were significantly lower in the two PSIS groups than in the controls, and those were lower in cPSIS group than in pPSIS group (P<0.01). The levels of pituitary-gonadal hormones were not significantly different in the two PSIS groups, except for testosterone (T, P<0.05). Conclusion Grades of MRI can predict occurrence and severity of PSIS, which are also correlated with the levels of the pituitary-target hormone deficiencies.

Correlation between the expressions of Runx2 and Ezrin and postoperative metastasis in patients with stage IB non-small cell lung cancer

GAO Peng, SHEN Fangzhen, XIAO Wenjing, XIU Yuande, ZHOU Lingling

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  63-66.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.652

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Objective To explore the expressions of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Ezrin gene in stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to investigate their relationship with postoperative recurrence and metastasis. Methods Forty resected IB stage NSCLC tissues were divided into the recurrence/metastasis group with postoperative recurrence (n=20) and control group without postoperative recurrence (n=20). Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expressions of the Runx2 and Ezrin genes. The correlation between the gene expressions and disease free survival rate of patients with stage IB NSCLC were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier. Results The positive rates of Runx2 and Ezrin expressions in the recurrence/metastasis group were significantly higher than the control group (P=0.004, P=0.011). The positive expressions of Runx2 and Ezrin in the low differentiated tissues were higher than those in the moderate and high differentiated tissues (P=0.016, P=0.009). There was a positive correlation between Runx2 and Ezrin expression (r=0.646, P=0.001). The three-year disease free survival rate was lower in patients with Runx2 and Ezrin positive expressions (30.4% and 31.8%) than those with negative expressions (76.5% and 72.2%) (P=0.010, P=0.011). Conclusion Runx2 and Ezrin expressions are closely corelative to postoperative recurrence and metastasis in patients with stage IB NSCLC, and might be potential prognostic markers in stage IB NSCLC.

Comparison of treatment outcomes after two different surgical approaches for operable middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

MA Honghai, DU Jiajun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  67-72.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.078

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Objective To compare the efficacy of two different surgical routes for operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods A total of 107 patients with middle thoracic ESCC were enrolled and divided into two groups: left transthoracic approach group and Ivor-lewis approach group. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to explore the difference of survival in the two groups. Postoperative complications, information on lymph node dissection and other clinical factors were compared using non-parametric test and Chi-Square test. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in the patients' characteristics, overall survival (P=0.315), recurrence-free survival (P=0.246), chest drainage volume (P=0.241), number of resected (P=0.065) and positive lymph nodes (P=0.188). However, blood loss (P=0.007) and operation time (P=0.042) were significantly less or shorter in left transthoracic approach group. T status (P=0.001), N status (P=0.007), as well as metastatic lymph node ratio (MLR, P=0.040), were shown as independent prognostic risk factors by COX regression analysis. Conclusion Both Ivor-Lewis approach and left transthoracic approach are optional surgical routes for operable middle thoracic ESCC.

Clinical significance of human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene methylation status in urine sediments of renal cell carcinoma

REN Hongbo, LIU Hainan, LIU Cheng, YAN Keqiang, XIA Chuanyou, FAN Yidong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  73-76.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.600

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Objective To elucidate the methylation status of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter in urine sediments obtained from preoperative patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from urine sediments of 76 RCC patients (RCC group) and 38 non-renal cell carcinoma patients (control group). Specimen DNA was modified with sodium bisulfite, methylation specific PCR (MSP) was carried out, and agar gel electrophoresis was performed to analyze the methylation status of hTERT gene. Results The rate of hTERT hypermethylation in RCC group was obviously higher than that in control group (P< 0.05). But no statistical correlation was observed between hTERT promoter methylation and gender, age, tumor size or clinical stage (P>0.05). Conclusion hTERT promoter in urine sediment of renal cell carcinoma patients is highly methylated, and as a noninvasive investigation, it might be useful in the clinical diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.

Antibiotic resistance on group A streptococcus among children in 4 cities of Shandong Province in 2013

LIU Zhenyan, HU Bin, BI Zhenwang, KOU Zengqiang, FANG Ming, CHEN Baoli, REN Yanyan, BI Zhenqiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  77-80.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.679

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Objective To investigate the characteristics of antibiotic resistance, resistance phenotypes and genotypes on group A streptococcus (GAS) isolated from children in 4 cities of Shandong Province in 2013 and to provide reference for clinical treatment of GAS infection. Methods A total of 72 strains of GAS were isolated from throat swabs of children with scarlet fever or asymptomatic carriers. The resistance of GAS strains on 8 antibiotics, including penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, vancomycin and cefotaxime, were measured with K-B disk-diffusion method. DNA was extracted from GAS strains, resistance genes (ermA, ermB, mefA, tetM, tetO) were amplified with PCR method, then positive rates of genes were assessed with capillary electrophoresis. Theresistance phenotypes were detected with text. Results Among the 72 strains of GAS, all isolates were susceptible to penicillin, levofloxacin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin and cefotaxime. The resistance rates of erythromycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were 100%, 100% and 94.44%, respectively. Two resistance genes, ermB and tetM, were detected (both 100%), while ermA, mefA and tetO were not. Only cMLS phenotype was found in all isolates (100%), while iMLS and M phenotype were not (0%). Conclusion The resistance pattern of GAS in 4 cities of Shandong Province in 2013 was multiple antibiotic resistance of erythromycin-clindamycin-tetracycline. The resistance phenotype was cMLS, and the genotypes were mainly co-carried ermB and tetM.

Impact of water intake and other dietary factors on dyslipidemia population

SHEN Hongshan, CHEN Yao, LIU Shengxin, FENG Jian, ZHAO Changfeng, YU Lianlong, REN Ci, HUANG Sishu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  81-86.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.635

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Objective To explore the differences in diet patterns between dyslipidemia population and healthy people, and to investigate the correlation between water intake and dyslipidemia among the elderly in Jinan City. Methods A total of 107 dyslipidemia patients (dyslipidemia group) and 127 healthy subjects (control group) aged 50 to 75 years were enrolled in the study. The diets and water intakes in the past 24 hours were interviewed, results were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression, and ORs of relevant factors were calculated. Results In all subjects, about 55.8% of total water was taken in from liquid water, 44.2% from moisture in food. Liquid water and total water intake of subjects involved in our study were significantly lower than the adequate intake for the adult population. Liquid water, moisture in food and total water intake of the dyslipidemia group were remarkably lower than those of the control group (830 vs 913 mL/d, 1 038 vs 1 161 mL/d, 1 868 vs 2 075 mL/d, P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that energy intake > 2 000 kcal/d, total water intake < 1 900 mL/d increased the odds ratio of dyslipidemia ashigh as 11.277 and 2.992, respectively. Total water intake > 2 400 mL/d was a protective factor of dyslipidemia (OR=0.166). Conclusion Dyslipidemia is closely associated with gender, obesity, dietary intake, and water intake. The high intake of energy and low intake of water are risk factors of dyslipidemia. The high risk population and patients should appropriately control the energy intake and ensure adequate water intake.

Mental health status and influencing factors in preschoolers in rural areas of Shandong Province

GUO Bin, WANG Xinhai, XU Lingzhong, GAI Ruoyan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(1):  87-92.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.623

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Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of mental health problems in preschoolers in rural areas of Shandong Province, and provide theoretical foundation for intervention. Methods A self-designed questionnaire of children's condition and Children Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for parents were used to investigate 699 preschoolers aged 3 to 5 years in countryside. Results The abnormal prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in the investigated preschoolers was 29.76%. The abnormal prevalences of SDQ were as follows: emotion symptom, 4.33%; morality problem, 9.76%; hyperactivity problem, 11.12%; peer intercourse problem, 6.16%; and social behavior, 12.85%. The abnormal prevalence of SDQ in male children on morality problem was higher than that in female children (χ²=14.38, P<0.05). The abnormal prevalence of SDQ in left-behind children on emotional and behavioral problems was higher than that in non-left-behind children (χ²=4.07, P<0.05). The results of logistic regression showed that the risk factors of emotional and behavioral problems in guardians were ignoring the healthy lifestyle, feeling burdened or less energetic to raise children, ignoring children's complaints and allowing children to eat while watching TV. Conclusion The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems is high in preschoolers, so more attention should be paid and efficient intervention should be considered.