Table of Content

  

10 February 2015
Volume 53 Issue 2

Therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine Xuezhikang on experimental autoimmune neuritis

ZHANG Peng, YUE Longtao, LI Heng, ZHANG Min, WANG Congcong, DUAN Ruisheng, DOU Yingchun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  1-5.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.639

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Objective To investigate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine Xuezhikang on experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) rats. Methods EAN model was established by immunization of Lewis rats with P0 peptide 180-199. Fifteen rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=5 in each group), i.e., control group, low-dose group and high-dose group, in which Xuezhikang was administrated orally by gavage daily at a dose of 200 mg/(kg·d) and 1 000 mg/(kg·d). The levels of intracellular cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17 as well as Treg cells among MNCs and CD4⁺ T cells from lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results Compared with control group, Xuezhikang treatment at both high and low dose successfully ameliorated EAN on day 16 post immunization(the peak of clinical symptoms). Xuezhikang, at doses of 1 000 and 200 mg/(kg·d), inhibited the secretion of TNF-α (P<0.01), as well as IL-10 (P<0.001 and P< 0.01). Lower IL-17 level was found in high-dose group compared with that in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, the percentage of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells among lymph node mononuclear cells in low-dose group, as well as the percentages of CD4⁺CD25⁺ T cells and CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ T cells among lymph node mononuclear cells and CD4⁺ T cells in high-dose group all decreased obviously(P<0.05). The percentages of CD4⁺CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ T cells among lymph node mononuclear cells and CD4⁺ T cells in high-dose group were lower than those in control group(P=0.075 and 0.066). Conclusion Xuezhikang can ameliorate EAN bydown-regulating the production of cytokines TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-17, but at the same time it suppresses the differentiation of CD4⁺T cells to Treg cells.

Protective effect and possible mechanism of losartan on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in rats

LIU Leilei, JU Yunfei, XU Wenfei, JU Yuanrong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  6-11.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.658

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Objective To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of losartan, an angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ) receptor antagonist, on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats. Methods Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, LPS+losartan group, and LPS+losartan+A779 group. ALI models of rats were established by intravenous injection of LPS under anesthesia state then intervented with losartan or A779, which is an antagonist of angiotensin 1-7[Ang (1-7)]. The former three groups were observed at 1, 4 and 6 h and the fourth group was observed at 4 h, with 5 rats at each time point. Proteins derived from bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were measured by BCA method. The pathological changes in the middle of the right lung tissue were observed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and the pathological scores were obtained. The contents of AngII and Ang (1-7) in serum were assessed by ELISA. Results The characteristiclly pathological changes in rats could be observed under optical microscope. Compared with control group, the contents of serum AngII at 1 h and 4 h in LPS group increased (P<0.01); the content of serum Ang (1-7) at 1 h in LPS group decresed, butat 4 h increased (all P<0.01). Compared with LPS group, the lung injury alleviated in LPS+losartan group and the pathological score decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion Losartan has a protective effect, which depends largely on regulating the level of Ang (1-7), on endotoxin-induced ALI in rats.

Effects of statins on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Meta analysis

WU Zhen, SONG Guodong, WANG Wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  12-18.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.614

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Objective To evaluate the effects of statins treatment on pulmonary function, exacerbation, inflammatory factors, and health conditions in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP were searched up from the day of database construction to November, 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which investigated the effects of statins treatment on stable COPD patients were identified. Two independent reviewers screened the retrieved literatures, measured the quality, extracted the data and cross-checked them. RevMan 5.2 statistical software was used to analysis the data. Results Twelve RCTs, including 1 589 patients, were included. Statins treatment reduced the levels of blood inflammatory factors, including serum CRP (WMD:-1.62; 95%CI:-1.90 to -1.34), plasma TNF-α(WMD: -5.31; 95%CI:-9.45 to -1.17) and serum IL-6 (WMD:-0.46; 95%CI:-0.89 to -0.03), alleviated the clinical symptoms, reduced the degree of dyspnea, and improved the life quality. Statins treatment could not improve the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁), FEV₁% predicted (FEV₁%pred) and exacerbation. Conclusion Statins treatment has anti-inflammatory effects and can alleviate clinical symptoms, but has no significant effects on reversing the decline of pulmonary function and preventing exacerbation in stable COPD patients.

Effect of Glucagon-like peptide-1 on ovarian circadian clock rhythm of rats fed with high fat diet

YAO Zhina, HAN Ting, FAN Xiuling, ZHANG Yousheng, SONG Jialun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  19-21.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.533

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Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) on impaired circadian gene of ovary in rats fed with high-fat diet. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, high-fat diet group and GLP-1 intervention group. Eight weeks later, the levels of fasting glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, E2, FSH and LH were tested. The expression of ovary related gene and circadian gene in ovary tissues were detected with Real-time PCR. Results GLP-1 had certain effect on serum biochemical indexes in rats fed with high fat. Real-time PCR results showed that, compared with control group, the levels of primordial follicle recruitment factor anti-mullerian homone (AMH) and growth differentiation factor (GDF-9) were significantly decreased in rats fed with high-fat diet (P<0.05). However, the expression of AMH and GDF-9 mRNA in high-fat diet rats treated with GLP-1 were markedly elevated. Besides, compared with control group, the expression of ovary circadian clock related genes was affected in rats fed with high-fat diet, and GLP-1 could improve the expression of ovary circadian gene. Conclusion GLP-1 could ameliorate the expression of ovary circadian gene in rats fed with high-fat diet.

Curative effect of mechanical stress in the treatment of nonunion

LI Shangzhi, LIU Haichun, WU Wenliang, CAO Cong, CHEN Yunzhen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  22-26.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.732

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Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of mechanical stress in treating nonunion in animal models. Methods Animal models of nonunion were built using self-adjustable external fixation. The models were then randomly divided into the experimental group and control group, with 30 animals in either group. The experimental group received axial pressure on the fracture end, while the control group received no pressure. Then nonunion was imaged and stained, and osteogenetic factors such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected. Results There were statistical differences between the experimental group and control group (P<0.05). Calcium cobalt staining revealed that more osteoblasts were generated, and more amplification of BMP and VEGF were observed in the experimental group at different time points (both P<0.05). Conclusion Mechanical stress can promote the growth of osteoblasts and amplification of osteogenetic factors in the nonunion, and effectively accelerate its healing.

Experimental study of platelet-rich plasma on the vascularization in skull defects

LIU Binyu, LIU Binyan, XING Yanxia, HE Yinfei, XU Xin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  27-33.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.234

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Objective To observe the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the vascularization in defects of rat skull. Methods Bone defect with the size of 1.0 cm×0.8 cm was established in rat skulls with dental drill. Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: model group (implanted with true bone ceramics), BMSCs group (implanted with true bone ceramics and BMSCs), control group (implanted with true bone ceramics, BMSCs and VEGF), and PRP group (implanted with true bone ceramics, BMSCs and PRP). In week 4, 8 and 12 after operation, new vascularization was observed. In week 1 and 4, the contents of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were detected. Results In week 4, 8 and 12 after operation, new vascularization of PRP group, control group, BMSCs group and PRP group were (3.08±0.21)%, (4.41±0.32)% and (5.71±0.47)%, (2.26±0.17)%, (3.75±0.29)% and (4.53±0.42)%, (1.47±0.19)%, (2.62±0.27)% and (3.45±0.35)%, and (0.99±0.18)%, (1.71±0.23)% and (2.02±0.39)%, respectively. The new vascularization of PRP group was significantly higher than that of the model group, BMSCs group (both P<0.01), and control group (P<0.05). NO, activity of GSH-px and SOD of PRP group significantly increased, which was positively correlated with vascularization. MDA content decreased markedly and negatively correlated with vascularization (P<0.01). Conclusion PRP can promote vascularization and bone repair in skull defects.

Caspase-1 activation contributes to Nod2-induced tolerance in microglia cells

YUAN Ruili, SUN Ruopeng, LIU Xinjie

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  34-38.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.603

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Objective To investigate whether the nucleotide-binding oligomerization-2(NOD2)-mideated tolerance phenomenon exists in microglia cells and its relationship with Caspase-1 activity. Methods After microglia cells were stimulated with different concentrations of MDP or S.pneumonia for 24 h, the expressions of NOD2 and NF-κB were detected by Western blotting and the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. After microglia cells were pre-treated with MDP (100 μg/mL) for 0, 3 or 24 h, the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA to verify the NOD2-mediated tolerance in microglia. After Caspase-1 activity was activated or suppressed by ATP or Caspase-1 inhibitor, the expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA to observe the relationship between NOD2-mediated tolerance and Caspase-1. Results Compared with no treatment, MDP and S.pneumonia treatment for 24 h significantly increased the levels of NOD2, NF-κB, IL-6 and TNF-α in microglia cells(P<0.05). MDP pretreatment for 3 or 24 h reduced secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α upon subsequent stimulation of MDP for 24 h. Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly down-regulated by ATP pretreatment, while up-regulated by Caspase-1 inhibitor treatment.Conclusion Prolonged periods of MDP exposure can induce NOD2-mediated tolerance in microglia cells and NOD2-mediated tolerance is associated with Caspase-1 activity.

Effects of sitagliptin combined with high-dose insulin on type 2 diabetes mellitus

PEI Leilei, SUN Zhonghua, LI Zhe, ZHAO Wenping

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  39-42.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.747

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Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin combined with high-dose insulin on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Sixty patients with type 2 diabetes who needed high-dose insulin(greater than 60 U/d) treatment, diagnosed during Sep. 2012 to Sep. 2013 in our hospital, were divided into insulin combined with sitagliptin group(insulin>60 U/d and sitagliptin 100 mg 1 time/d) and insulin group (insulin>60 U/d ), with 30 patients in each group. After 3-month treatment, the levels of blood glucose, serum lipid and other indicators were compared between the two groups. Results After 3-month treatment, fasting blood glucose(FBG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) decreased significantly (all P<0.05) in both group. The insulin dosage, body mass index (BMI) increased significantly (P<0.05) after treatment in insulin group, while the insulin dosage, BMI and triglyceride(TG)reduced significantly (P<0.05) after treatment in insulin combined with sitagliptin group. Compared with insulin group, the patients in insulin combined with sitagliptin group showed lower insulin dosage[(70.32±6.56) vs (59.26±5.03)U], TG[(2.64±1.32) vs (2.21±0.92) mmol/L] and BMI (27.24±2.36 vs 26.25±1.92)(all P<0.01). One patient(3.30%)in insulin combined with sitagliptin group and 8 patients (26.70%) in insulin group occurred hypoglycemia. Conclusion Sitagliptin(100 mg, 1 time/d) combined with high-dose(>60 U/d)insulin in the therapy of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is beneficial for controlling the indicators, such as blood glucose, serum lipid, BMI as well as reducing the dosage of insulin and occurrence of hypoglycemia.

Relationship between microalbuminuria and brain damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

HU Fangzhi, ZHANG Zhengjun, GENG Houfa, LIANG Qiuhua, SUN Lin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  43-47.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.543

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Objective To investigate the cerebral metabolic changes in basal ganglia and semi oval center using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(¹H-MRS) in order to prove that microalbuminuria is an early marker of brain tissue damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods With reference to the urinary albumin excretion ratio (UAER), 61 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were divided into the normal microalbuminuria group (DM group, UAER<20 μg/minute, n=29) and microalbuminuria group (DA group, 20 μg/min≤UAER<200 μg /min, n=32). Meanwhile, 20 healthy controls (HC group) were enrolled. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ¹H-MRS were performed on all participants. Results In the basal ganglia area, NAA/Cr ratio of the DA group was significantly lower than that of the DM and HC group; NAA/Cr ratio of the DM group was markedly lower than that of the HC group; Cho/Cr ratio was remarkably increased in the DA group compared with the HC group (P<0.05). In the semi oval center area, NAA/Cr ratio of the DA group was significantly lower than that of the HC group; MI/Cr ratio was notedly higher in the DA group compared with the DM and HC group (P<0.05). NAA/Cr ratio of the DA group in the basal ganglia was negatively correlated with the level of UAER (r=-0.768, P<0.05). Conclusion T2DM patients with elevated microalbuminuria are more prone to brain tissue damage.

Correlations among RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, blood pressure variability and carotid artery intima-media thickness in essential hypertensive patients

XU Zhongyang, WANG Liqi, XU Zhenxing, ZHAO Qian, ZHU Shiming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  48-51.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.768

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Objective To investigate the association of the blood pressure variability (BPV) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) with the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in essential hypertensive patients. Methods A total of 73 hypertensive patients were divided into two groups based on serum level of ROCK1: group with high level of ROCK1 (n=37) and group with low level of ROCK1 (n=36), and 40 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The serum level of ROCK1 was measured with Human Rock1 Elisa kit and microplate reader. The mean blood pressures (systolic and diastolic) and the standard deviations of 24 h, daytime and nighttime (24hSSD, dSSD, nSSD, 24hDSD, dDSD and nDSD) were monitored. The carotid artery IMT was determined with color Doppler ultrasound monitor. Results The serum level of ROCK1 in hypertensive group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the group with low ROCK1 level, the 24hSSD, dSSD and nSSD were significantly increased in the group with high ROCK1 level (P<0.05). The carotid artery IMT in hypertensive patients was thicker than that of control group (P<0.05). The carotid artery IMT of the group with high ROCK1 level was thicker than that of the group with low ROCK1 level (P<0.05). The serum level of ROCK1 showed significant positive correlations with 24hSSD, dSSD, nSSD and carotid artery IMT in hypertensive patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The BPV is closely correlated with expression of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in hypertensive patients. Overexpression of Rho/ROCK signalingpathway plays a key role in the progression of carotid artery IMT and atherosclerosis.

Clinical study on the association between metabolic syndrome and P wave dispersion

ZHANG Fenglei, ZHENG Man, ZHANG Qi, GU Lei, XU Xinsheng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  52-55.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.235

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Objective To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on P wave dispersion (Pd), in order to reveal its proarrhythmic effect. Methods A total of 86 patients with metabolic syndrome and 102 controls were enrolled in the study. The maximum P wave duration (P max) and minimum P wave duration (P min) were measured with 12-lead synchronous surface electrocardiogram (ECG), and Pd was calculated using P max minus P min. Results Compared with the controls, patients had significantly higher value of Pd (47.31±12.18 vs 33.08±11.04, P=0.001). However, there was no much difference in P max and P min between the two groups (P>0.05). Correlation analyses revealed positive correlation between Pd and body mass index (BMI, P=0.001), total cholesterol (TC, P=0.038), triglyceride (TG, P=0.001), apolipoprotein B (Apo B, P=0.027), systolic blood pressure (SBP, P=0.036) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, P=0.015). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated distinct association between BMI and Pd (P=0.001). Conclusion BMI is an independent influencing factor of Pd. Controlling metabolic syndrome and BMI will provide a new approach for the prevention and treatment of arrhythmia, especially atrial fibrillation.

Clinical characteristics and treatment of intracranial arteriovenous malformation in children with acute hemorrhage

ZHANG Jie, WANG Zhigang, WANG Yihua, JIANG Bin, HE Wei, YIN Xin, GUO Wenqiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  56-60.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.082

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of rupture and hemorrhage of brain arteriovernous malformation (AVM) in children. Methods Clinical data of 28 children with cerebral AVM treated in our hospital during 2010 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Results Of 22 patients who underwent interventional embolization or microsurgery or both, 20 were cured, and 2 were moderately disabled. Of the 8 cases receiving emergency operation due to hemorrhage complicated with cerebral hernia, 6 had fine prognosis and 2 were moderately disabled. Of the 10 cases treated with interventional embolization, microsurgery or both, DSA check-ups indicated the malformation was no longer developing. Two cases treated only with intravascular embolization and two cases treated with intravascular embolization combined with gamma knife had recurrence and underwent embolization treatment a second time. Of the 6 cases treated with conservative approach, no recurrent hemorrhage occurred. Conclusion Cerebral AVM is the primary cause of intracerebral spontaneous hemorrhage in children. DSA check-ups should be performed as early as possible to clarify the condition. Interventional embolization and microsurgery are effective treatments for pediatric AVM.

Levels of peripheral blood TNF-α, sTREM-1 and α1-APG in community acquired pneumonia patients

LIN Chen, GUO Fang, JI Weina, YU Wencheng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  61-64.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.501

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Objective To observe the changes of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble triggering receptor-1 expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1), and α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-APG) levels in the peripheral blood of patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), and to understand their clinical significance in CAP patients. Methods Peripheral blood TNF-α and sTREM-1 levels of 110 CAP patients (CAP group) and 52 normal controls (control group) were detected by ELISA double antibody sandwich method, and peripheral blood α1-APG level was detected by immune turbidity method. The changing trends of TNF-α, sTREM-1 and α1-APG in CAP patients with different states of illness were observed on the 1st, 4th, and 7th days. Results TNF-α, sTREM-1 and α1-APG levels in CAP group on the 1st, 4th and 7th days were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.001). After the treatment, the TNF-α, sTREM-1 and α1-APG levels of CAP patients reduced significantly on the 4th day than the 1st day (P<0.001), the TNF-α and sTREM-1 levels on the 7th day reduced significantly than the 4th day (P<0.001), while the α1-APG level on the 7th day rosed than the 4th day (P<0.05). The TNF-α, sTREM-1 and α1-APG levels in PSI high-risk patients were significantly higher than those in middle-risk patients and low-risk patients on the 1st day (P<0.001). The TNF-α, sTREM-1 and α1-APG levels on the 1st day between respiratory failure patients and non-respiratory failure patients had statistical differences (P<0.001). On the 7th day after admission of CAP group, the sTREM-1 and α1-APG levels decreased significantly in glucocorticoid treatment patients than those in non-glucocorticoid treatment patients (P<0.01), but the TNF-α levels in these two groups showed no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion There are excessive releases of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, sTREM-1 and α1-APG, in CAP patients. Application of glucocorticoid can reduce the levels of sTREM-1 and α1-APG. The TNF-α, sTREM-1 and α1-APG levels can reflect the severity of illness and treatment effects of CAP patients, thus can be used as guide indicators for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of CAP patients.

Expression of EZH2 protein and its role in ovarian epithelial tumor

CHEN Jing, LI Chunyan, ZHAO Miaoqing, CUI Jingjing, ZHANG Na, FU Yibing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  65-70.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.119

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Objective To explore the expression of EZH2 protein in different epithelial ovarian tumors and its possible role in tumor development. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect EZH2 protein expression in 15 normal ovarian tissues, 32 ovarian benign tumors, 28 ovarian borderline tumors and 50 primary epithelial ovarian cancers. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect EZH2 mRNA expression in 15 normal ovarian tissues, 23 ovarian benign tumors, 23 borderline tumors and 25 epithelial ovarian cancers. Results ① EZH2 expressed highly in nucleus in epithelial ovarian cancers compared with normal ovarian tissue (P<0.01), benign tumor (P<0.01) and borderline tumor (P<0.05). EZH2 expression was significantly correlated with grade and staging of tumor in epithelial ovarian cancers (P<0.01, P<0.05). ② EZH2 protein expressed in cytoplasm in ovarian tumor, and it expressed highly in benign ovarian tumor and borderline tumor compared with epithelial ovarian cancers (P<0.05). ③ The nuclear expression of EZH2 protein in epithelial ovarian cancers was positively correlated with Ki-67 (r=0.40, P<0.01). Conclusion EZH2 protein expresses in both nucleus and cytoplasm in ovarian tumors, and its elevated nuclear expression in epithelial ovarian cancers is associated with not only staging and grade of tumor, but also cell proliferation.

Comparison of macular choroidal thickness between primary open angle glaucoma and normal subjects

ZHANG Miaomiao, WANG Jianrong, LIU Wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  71-74.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.354

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Objective To compare the macular choroidal thickness between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal subjects using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods Scans were performed by EDI-OCT in eyes of 60 POAG patients and 60 age-and sex-matched normal subjects. The reliability analysis of intra-and inter-observer was tested using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results The intra-and inter-observer ICC values ranged from 0.994 to 0.999 and 0.995 to 0.998 respectively (both P<0.001). In the COPD patients and controls, the choroidal thickness beneath the fovea was thickest and the nasal choroidal thickness was thinnest. Each quadrant of choroidal thickness in POAG patients were thicker than that of the controls (t=3.114 to 4.456, P<0.05). For both subjects investigated, the choroidal thickness showed a negative correlation with age and axial length (r=-0.456 to -0.520,-0.445 to -0.491; P<0.05). Conclusion The choroidal thickness of POAG patients is thicker than that of the controls, and the thickening choroidal thickness in POAG patients is associated with the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

Measurement of region of interest for orthodontics using cone beam computed tomography

LI Deshui, LIU Panpan, SHI Xiaoxin, GUO Jing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  75-80.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.378

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Objective To investigate the region of interest (ROI) for orthodontics, including the dimension of anterior alveolar bone, labio-lingual position (LLP) of central incisors relative to the bone, and soft tissue (ST) between different horizontal face types, genders and age. Methods A total of 60 subjects of Han nationality aged 12 to 50 years were divided into different groups according to horizontal face type, gender and age. According to ANB: skeletal class Ⅰ(n=23, 38.3%, 1° < ANB≤5°), skeletal class Ⅱ(n=18, 30%, ANB>5°), skeletal class Ⅲ(n=19, 31.7%, ANB≤1°). According to gender, the subjects included 41 female (68.3%) and 19 male (31.7%). According to age, the subjects were divided into adolescent group (n=22, 36.7%, 12 to 19 years old), young group (n=20, 33.3%, 20 to 29 years old), and middle age group (n=18, 30%, 30 to 50 years old). The ROI of orthodontics was measured on sagittal sections using cone-beam CT (CBCT). For statistical evaluation, one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed. Results ① Class II group had higher anterior alveolar bone and overeruption of the incisors. ② The ST and the dimension of anterior jaw of males predominated over those of females. ③ The change of the height, LLP and ST was significant while the width and cortical bone thickness (CBT) basically remained stable with age. Conclusion There are some regular changes of ROI among different horizontal face types, genders and age, which should be considered in orthodontic treatment strategies.

Spatial epidemiological characteristics of HIV infections and AIDS patients in Shandong Province

WANG Hao, ZHANG Na, XUE Fuzhong, WANG Ping, KANG Dianmin, LIU Yanxun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  81-86.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.748

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Objective To analyze the spatial epidemiological characteristics of HIV/AIDS during June 1992 to July 2014 in Shandong Province. Methods Based on Geographic Information System (GIS), the global autocorrelation statistic (Moran's I) and local indicator of spatial association (LISA) were used to explore the spatial autocorrelation of HIV/AIDS in Shandong Province. Bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis was adopted to investigate the association between homosexual and heterosexual transmissions. Results A total of 6 593 HIV/AIDS cases were reported during June 1992 to July 2014 with a trend of gradual growth. HIV/AIDS had positive spatial autocorrelation at county level (Moran's I=0.52). Spatial hotspot clusters were detected around Qingdao City and Jinan City. Homosexual and heterosexual transmission, as the major routes of HIV infection, had spatial association especially in Tianqiao District and Shizhong District of Jinan City, and Laoshan District and Shibei District of Qingdao City. Conclusion HIV/AIDSshows spatial dependence, and prevention efforts focus on Qingdao City and Jinan City. Positive spatial autocorrelation between homosexual and heterosexual transmissions indicates that HIV/AIDS is spreading from high-risk population to general population.

Revision and evaluation of the rural elderly resource generator scale

LIU Kun, ZHANG Nan, LI Yan, SUN Xiaojie

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  87-91.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.531

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Objective To revise the rural elderly resource generator scale and evaluate its reliability and validity. Methods Prepared by literature review, focus group discussions, experts' consultation and other procedures, the Chinese version of "resource generator" to measure individual social capital was finally formed. A total of 975 qualified elderly people living in 3 counties of Shandong Province were interviewed through random sampling method. The Mokken scale analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to test the reliability and validity of the scale. Results According to the Mokken scale's confirmatory test, each item of the domestic resources scale, expert advice scale, personal skills scale and problem solving resources scale generated by "resource generator" had a good acceptability and discriminability. The correlation coefficient of each subscale and total scale ranged from 0.58 to 0.74(P<0.01), and the correlation coefficients among subscales ranged from 0.22 to 0.34(P<0.01). Conclusion The revised rural elderly resource generator scale has good reliability and validity and will have a great application value to analyze the rural elderly's quality of life in the future.

Serum metabolic profiling of schizophrenia based on random forest

LIU Yingjun, ZHANG Tao, WANG Lu, LIU Jia, CHANG Xuerun, ZHANG Jingxuan, XUE Fuzhong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(2):  92-96.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.476

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Objective To explore the classification ability of random forest in the serum metabolic profiling of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls and to select significant metabolites. Methods The case group consisted of 50 patients with schizophrenia and control group consisted of 62 healthy individuals. The serum samples of case and control groups were collected and detected by RRLC-QTOF/MS platform. Random forest was used to classify the serum metabolic data in case and control groups. OOB estimate of error rate and 5 fold cross validation were used to evaluate the classification ability. In addition, variable importance measure of random forest was adopted to select important metabolites. Results Schizophrenia and control serum metabolic data could be classified well using the method of random forest. The misclassification rates in case and control groups were 4.0% and 1.6% respectively, OOB estimate of error rate was 2.68%, and the area under the curve of ROC was 0.99. Furthermore,15 important metabolites were selected according to variable importance measure. Conclusion The combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrum technology with random forest can select metabolites with potential clinical application value, and be used in the study of metabolomics.