Table of Content

  

10 September 2014
Volume 52 Issue 9

RNAi-mediated silencing of CD147 inhibits the proliferation and invasion of leukemic cells SHI-1

TU Yan, LI Zhenjiang, TANG Aiping, FEI Yan, LI Huihui, LI Jian, HE Wenfeng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  1-5.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.271

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Objective To construct lentivirus vector for RNA interference (RNAi) targeting extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (CD147) and to investigate the role of CD147 gene on the proliferation and infiltration of a human monocytic leukemic cell line SHI-1. Methods The complementary shRNA targeting CD147 was synthesized, and connected with pGCSIL-GFP vector. The 293T cells were transfected with recombined viral vector, packing plasmid pHelper 1.0 and pHelper 2.0 using Lipfectamine 2000. Then the recombinant lentiviruses were collected and infected the SHI-1 cells. The expressions of CD147, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in SHI-1 cells were detected by real time PCR. The protein of CD147 was detected by Western blotting. The capability of proliferation and infiltration of SHI-1 cell were examined by MTT and trans-matrigel invasion assay co-cultured with leukemia BMSCs in vitro. Results The lentivirus containing the CD147 shRNA was constructed successfully. The titer of recombined virus was 1×10⁹ TU/mL. The mRNA and protein of CD147 in SHI-1/CD147i cells decreased by 86.7% and 91% respectively after the SHI-1 cells were infected by the lentivirus containing the CD147 siRNA. The proliferation capability of SHI-1/CD147i cells significantly decreased compared with that of SHI-1 and SHI-1/NC cells. The mRNA expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in SHI-1/CD147i cells were significantly lower than that in SHI-1/NC and SHI-1 cells. The SHI-1/CD147i cells demonstrated significantly lower invasion rate than SHI-1 cells and SHI-1/NC cells when co-cultured with BMSCs. Conclusion CD147 plays important roles in the leukemia cell proliferation and infiltration. CD147 should be a potential target for the treatment of acute leukemia.

Effects of different doses of atorvastatin on the content of TGF-β1 and cardiac structure of dilated cardiomyopathy rats

TIAN Yan, HOU Shanrong, LIU Jianli, SUN Xingsheng, HUANG Lihong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  6-10.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.218

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Objective To investigate effects of different doses of atorvastatin on the content of TGF-β1 and cardiac structure of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats induced by adriamycin. Methods A total of 60 senior male SD rats were randomized into control group, model group, low-dose atorvastatin group, and high-dose atorvastatin group, with 15 animals in each group. DCM models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of adriamycin[2mg/(kg·w)] for 6 weeks. The low- and high-dose atorvastatin groups received different dosages of atorvastatin injection[5 mg/(kg·d), 20 mg/(kg·d)]. The control group were given the same dose of normal saline and and lavage. After 6 weeks, echocardiography was performed to observe the pathological changes in the myocardium. The level of TGF-β1 in serum was detected with ELISA, and TGF-β1 protein expression was measured with immunhistochemistry. Results Compared with the control group, the myocardial cell morphology, fiber arrangement, inflammatory cell infiltration of the low- and high-dose atorvastatin groups were improved. The echocardiograph showed that the enlargement of left ventricular and heart function were improved. Serum TGF-β1 levels were lower in low- and high-dose atorvastatin groups (P<0.05). The expression of TGF-β1 protein in myocardium was lower in atorvastatin groups, and the decrease in the high-dose atorvastatin group was more significant. Conclusion Atorvastatin can improve cardiac structure of DCM and restrain myocardial fibrosis. Compared with small dose of atorvastatin, high dose is more effective.

Expression and significance of cannabinoid receptor 1 and FAK in hepatic tissues of schistosomal hepatic fibrosis mice

OUYANG Bing, PENG Zhongtian, WANG Pei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  11-14.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.097

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Objective To investigate the expression and significance of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in hepatic tissues of schistosomal hepatic fibrosis mice. Methods A total of 32 Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group (n=10) and model group (n=22). The schistosome-induced liver fibrosis models were established by attaching cercaria to the skin on the ventral side of the mice and allowing infection to occur via direct penetration. All mice were raised normally, and at week 8 all mice were sacrificed to gain hepatic tissue samples. Mice in the model group were divided into 3 subgroups according to the severity of hepatic fibrosis. The pathological changes were determined by HE staining, the degrees of fibrosis were examined by Masson staining, the expression of CB1 was detected by immunohistochemical method, and the expressions of FAK mRNA and CB1 mRNA were tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results In the model group, significant schistosome egg granuloma and hepatic fibrosis were observed, and CB1, CB1 mRNA and FAK mRNA were detected in all subgroups. Besides, with the aggravation of fibrosis, the expressions of CB1, CB1 mRNA and FAK mRNA increased. Conclusion CB1 and FAK play an important role in the genesis and progression of schistosomal hepatic fibrosis.

Expression and significance of Neuroligin2 in children with hirschsprung’s disease

YANG Hongchao, WANG Jian, ZHANG Wentong, LI Aiwu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  15-19.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.018

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Objective To investigate the expression of Neuroligin2 in normal and spastic segments of colon in children with hirschsprung's disease (HD), and to explore the correlation of Neuroligin2 with pathogenesis of HD. Methods A total of 42 resected colon specimens of HD cases treated during 2012 to 2013 were enrolled. Normal colonic segments were served as control group, while the transitional and spastic segments as experimental group. Neuroligin2 expression was detected with immunohistochemical staining, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR. Results Western blotting revealed that Neuroligin2 protein in spastic segments (0.012±0.001) was lower than that in transitional segments and normal segments (0.039±0.001 and 0.057±0.002, respectively; P<0.05). qRT-PCR revealed that Neuroligin2 mRNA level was consistent with the protein expression. A large number of Neuroligin2 positive gangliocytes were observed in the control group, while none was observed in spastic segments. Significantly fewer Neuroligin2 positive gangliocytes were found in the transitional segments. Conclusion Neuroligin2 is significantly down-regulated in spastic colon segments, which may be associated with the pathogenesis of HD.

Juices of cherry and strawberry confer protection of human bronchial epithelial cells against arsenic-induced toxicity via activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway

KONG Degang, WANG Lili, ZHOU Honglei, REN Dongmei, LOU Hongxiang, SHEN Tao

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  20-25.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.203

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Objective To investigate the effects of cherry and strawberry juices on NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathway, and to evaluate their protection effects on arsenic-induced toxicity in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells. Methods Human breast cancer 231 cells were randomly divided into the control group, sulforaphen treated group, and juice treated groups (juice dilution ratios were 1:10,1:20,1:40 and 1:80, respectively), and then antioxidant response element(ARE) luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blotting analysis were adopted for screening and identification of juice on Nrf2 signaling pathway; HBE cells were randomly divided into the control group, sul-foraphen treated group, and juice treated groups (juice dilution ratios were 1:10,1:20, and 1:40, respectively), and then the QuantiChrom glutathione (GSH) assay kit were used to detect the intracellular GSH levels; MTT assay and cell transfection were carried out to evaluate their protection effects against arsenic-induced toxicity in HBE cells. Results Juices of cherry and strawberry increased the luciferase activity in a dose-dependent manner, enhanced the protein expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes NADPH:quinone oxidoreduefase Ⅰ(NQO1) and gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase (γGCS) in MDA-MB-231 cells, and up-regulated the intracellular GSH levels in HBE cells. Co-treatment with juice and arsenic evidently improved HBE cell survival in response to arsenic treatment alone, while the juices no longer protected the HBE cells whose Nrf2 expression was koncked down by Nrf2-siRNA. Conclusion Juices of cherry and strawberry confer the protection effects on HBE cells against arsenic-induced toxicity in a Nrf2-dependent manner.

Impact of aging on the nigro-strital oxidative stress in a mice model of Parkinson's disease

ZHANG Zhongxia, MA Xiaowei, WANG Yanyong, LI Xiaoli, WANG Mingwei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  26-29.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.236

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Objective To observe the age-related changes of nigro-strital oxidative stress in a mice model of Parkinson's disease(PD) at different ages and detect the differential expression of oxidative stress related genes in aged PD mice by using PCR Array. Methods Forty-two healthy female senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice aged 3, 6 and 10-month were averagely and randomly divided into 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) group and control group, which were subcutaneously injected with MPTP or the same volum of 0.9% NaCl, respectively. After the first injection for 72 hours, behavioral changes in mice were examined by the open field test. The levels of dopamine (DA) in nigro-striatal system was measured by a high performance liquid chromatography with electochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). The activities of superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1) and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) were detected by the spectrophotometer. The injuries of nigraldopamine system and striatal oxidative stress related indexes were compared among mice at different ages. The expression of striatal oxidative stress related gene expression in 10-month mice was detected by PCR Array. Results Compared with control group, the levels of DA andSOD 1, the performance in the open field test all decreased in MPTP group at three ages, while the content of MDA in tissue remarkably increased (P<0.01). Moreover, the above changes in 10-month mice were more obvious than 3- and 6-month mice (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the PCR Array results of MPTP group showed that COX-2 was up-regulated, while glutathione peroxidase 3, 6 and 8, lactoperoxidase, nucleoredoxin, myoglobin, neuroglobin, peroxiredoxin 1, eosinophil peroxidase were all down-regulated (fold change>2). Conclusion Aging plays an important role in nigro-striatal system injury of PD model. Up- or down- regulation of oxidative stress related genes may participate in the early phase of PD.

Effect of panax quinquefolium saponin from stems and leaves on endothelin-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and infarct area in rats

FU Qingyuan, DAI Guiqiang, ZHANG Song, AN Hongchun, LIANG Shimin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  30-33.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.166

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Objective To explore the effect of panax quinquefolium saponin (PQS) from stems and leaves on endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cerebral infarct area in rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model control group, nimodipine group, high doses of PQS group and low doses of PQS group, after the right cerebral arteries were bolted to induce embolization. The neurological deficit, ET-1 and VEGF levels, and infarct area in each group were detected and compared. Results The neurological function recovered better in high and low doses of PQS groups than in other groups (P<0.05). Compared with the model control group, the other groups had significantly declined ET-1 expressions (P<0.05), and there was statistical difference between any two groups (P<0.05). The high doses of PQS group had the highest VEGF expression but the least infarct area compared with the other groups. Conclusion Panax quinquefolium saponin from stems and leaves has a significant effect to enhance vascular activity and thus relieve cerebral infarction.

Inhibiting Effect of ginsenoside Re on the expression of PARP-1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cell

CHEN Jianhua, ZHU Banghao

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  34-38.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.102

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Objective To screen herbal monomers with potential inhibition on poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and to study their inhibiting effects on PARP-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC). Methods Six herbal monomers which might have potential inhibiting effect on PARP-1 were screened by computer visual screening in Chinese Natural Product Database. The cells were divided into the following groups:high (1×10^-4 mol/L) and low (1×10^-6 mol/L) doses groups for the herbal monomers, the 3-aminobenzamide(3-AB) positive control group and model group. Western blotting was used to test the expression of PARP-1. When the tested drugs exhibited inhibiting effects on PARP-1 expression, the drug-dependent experiments would be carried out with the drug concentration being 1×10^-4 to 1×10^-8 mol/L. Results 1×10^-4 and 1×10^-6 mol/L ginsenoside Re and 1×10^-4 mol/L ginsenoside Rb₁ had inhibiting effect on PARP-1 activated by ONOO^-. 1×10^-4 to 1×10^-8 mol/L ginsenoside Re had obvious inhibiting effect on PARP-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion Ginsenoside Re can inhibit protein expression of PARP-1 activated by ONOO^- on HUVECs and has protecting effect on ONOO^--induced injury in a dose-dependent manner.

COX-2 specific inhibitor induced apoptosis and autophagy in Hep-2 cells in vitro

ZHAO Yongqiang, XIE Xiaoye, CHEN Xuemei, FENG Huiwei, JIA Tao, ZHANG Hui, FAN Xianliang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  39-43.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.170

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Objective To investigate the ability of celecoxib inducing apoptosis in Hep-2 cells and its possible mechanisms, as well as to observe the autophagy of the cells. Methods MTT was used to observe the proliferation of Hep-2 cells treated with celecoxib at different doses(0-100 μmol/L) and for different hours(0-72 hours). Cell ultrastructure was observed by electron microscope. Hep-2 cells were treated with celecoxib at different doses and for different hours and then the cell apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. AIF expression was examined by Western blotting. Results Celecoxib induced a time- and dose-dependent growth inhibition in Hep-2 cells. It also induced the apoptosis of Hep-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. No significant difference existed in the apoptosis rate of the cells treated by celecoxib for 72 and 48 hours(P>0.05). Autophagy was observed in Hep-2 cells treated by celscoxib for 72 hours. Celecoxib showed the ability of transporting AIF from mitochondria to cell nucleus. Conclusion Celecoxib can induce cell apoptosis, in which AIF mechanism may be involved. Autophagy induced by celecoxib may protect Hep-2 cells against apoptosis.

Significance and effect of emodin on activation of nuclear factor-κB in corneas of keratitis rats

CHEN Guoling, REN Ran, ZHANG Yinghui, SONG Wei, KAO Xin, ZHANG Han

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  44-47.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.217

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Objective To investigate the significance and effect of emodin on the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in corneas of keratitis rats. Methods Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced keratitis models were established in Wistar rats. Before LPS exposure (30 minutes), emodin and its vehicle were injected into subconjunctival tissues of rats in treatment group and inflammation group. At different time after LPS challenge, rats were examined with slit lamp microscope to observe the severity of ocular inflammation. The expression of inhibitor NF-κBα (IκBα) was determined with Western blotting, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was detected with immunohistochemical staining. Results The rat models of keratitis were successfully established. LPS could induce a severe corneal inflammatory response, which could be improved by emodin. IκBα level was significantly decreased after LPS exposure, and the degeneration of IκBα induced by LPS was markedly inhibited by pretreatment with emodin (P<0.01). Furthermore, the positive cells of ICAM-1 staining were significantly decreased in treatment group as compared with inflammation group. Conclusion LPS takes part in the activation of NF-κB in keratitis corneas, and emodin can partly inhibit this activation and result in therapeutic effect.

Effect of Ghrelin on the VEGF expression in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits

HUANG Laigang, CUI Baojuan, WANG Xiaohong, WANG Daoqing, ZENG Fanshuo, SUN Min, LIU Benling, SUN Qiangsan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  48-53.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.033

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Objective To observe the effect of Ghrelin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in steroid-induced avasular necrosis of the femoral head in rabbits. Methods A total of 34 male New-Zealand rabbits which aged more than 24 weeks were divided into normal group (n=8) and model group (n=26). Models of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head were induced by horse serum combined with hormone methylprednisolone. After that, 4 rabbits were selected from each group randomly to determine with MRI and histopathological examinations if the modeling was successful. The 20 successfully modeled rabbits were divided into control group (n=10) and Ghrelin intervention group (n=10), and the remaining 4 in the normal group were classified as blank group. Rabbits in Ghrelin intervention group received Ghrelin injection (25 μg/kg·d) for 2 weeks, and rabbits in control group were given the same dose of saline for 2 weeks. Samples were collected after the animals were sacrificed. The histomorphology of femoral head was examined, and VEGF mRNA level was detected with Real-time PCR. Results The control group displayed extensive sparse and broken trabecula, and adipocytes were fused. The Ghrelin intervention group showed occasionally broken sparse trabecula. The adipocytes were slightly hypertrophic but not fused, with a higher proportion in the marrow than in the control group. VEGF mRNA expression was higher in Ghrelin intervention group and controlgroup than in blank group (P<0.05), and it was higher in the Ghrelin intervention group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Ghrelin can up-regulate the expression of VEGF in steroid-induced avasular necrosis of femoral head in rabbits, and improve the microcirculation and progression of femoral head.

Analysis on case characteristics and etiological changes of 414 hand-foot-mouth disease in Licheng District, Jinan, in 2010-2013

LI Min, DUAN Kun, ZHAO Ruixia

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  54-57.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.114

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Objective To analyze the case characteristics and etiological changes of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Licheng District, Jinan, in 2010-2013. Methods HFMD cases were surveyed by face-to-face method. The real-time PCR was used to detect human enterovirus nucleic acid. Results A total of 414 cases were surveyed, and children aged 1-5 years accounted for 85.99%(356/414). Male to female ratio was 1.59:1. Rash mainly distributed in hands, mouth, feet and buttocks. There were 38.89% of the cases accompanied by fever. A total of 342 specimens were tested positive, and the positive rate was 82.61%. The specimen positive rate sampling within 7 days was significantly higher than that after 7 days (84.76% vs 62.50%, χ²=12.46, P<0.001). There were statistical differences in etiology constituent in different years (χ² =39.45, P<0.001). Conclusion HFMD mainly occurs in children aged 1-5 years in Licheng District, Jinan. Nearly 40% of the cases are with fever. The advantage pathogen types are Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxasckie virus A16 (CoxA16), both alternately popular in different years. Other enteroviruses also play an important role in HFMD pathogenesis, worthy of further developing research work in the future.

Association of serum CTRP9 and APN levels with acute coronary syndrome

LIU Tianjiao, GUO Yuan, LI Tingting, ZHANG Jianning, LI Jun, ZHANG Peng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  58-62.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.028

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Objective To investigate the association of serum C1q/tumor necrosis factor related protein 9 (CTRP9) and adiponectin (APN) with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and severity of coronary artery stenosis, and the potential mechanism. Methods A total of 61 patients with coronary heart disease(CHD) confirmed by coronary angiography (CAG) were divided into unstable angina pectoris group(UAP group, n=18), acute myocardial infarction group(AMI group, n=18), and stable angina pectoris group(SAP group, n=25). Healthy subjects without stenosis were as a control group(CON group, n=26). The UAP and AMI groups were dedined as acute coronary syndrome group (ACS group); the UAP, AMI and SAP groups were defined as coronary heart disease group(CHD goup). The serum levels of CTRP9 and APN were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum levels of lipids indexes and fasting plasma glucose(FPG)were also determined. The correlations of CTRP9 and APN with ACS and severity of coronary artery stenosis were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results In CHD group, APN level was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01). In ACS group, CTRP9 level was significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.01) and SAP group (P<0.05). APN level was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.01). In AMI group, CTRP9 level was significantly lower than that in SAP group (P<0.01). The serum CTRP9 level was positively correlated with APN (r=0.742, P<0.01) and negative correlated with FPG (r=0.592, P<0.01). CTRP9 level was only positively correlated with HDL-C level (r=0.254, P<0.05) in CHD group. Serum CTRP9 and APN levels were negatively correlated with Gensini score (r=0.579 and 0.777, P<0.01). Conclusion CTRP9 and APN are associated with ACS and the severity of coronary artery stenosis. It can provide a more convenient predictive target for the diagnosis and assessment of ACS and the severity of coronary artery disease.

Expressions and significances of serum hepatic cancer-derived growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with non-small cell lung cancer

YUAN Zhiping, MOU Huaping, CHEN Jialian, DENG Li

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  63-66.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.1.2014.008

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Objective To explore the expressions and significances of serum hepatic cancer-derived growth factor (HDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 30 patients with NSCLC served as NSCLC group while other 30 patients with benign lung disease as benign lung disease group, and 30 healthy people as control group. Serum HDGF and VEGF levels were compared among the three groups and analyzed in NSCLC group for their relevant factors and relationship. Results Benign lung disease group was evidently higher in serum HDGF level and lower in VEGF level than control group (P<0.01), while NSCLC group was obviously higher than control group in both HDGF and VEGF levels (P<0.01). However, NSCLC group was markedly lower in HDGF level but higher in VEGF level than benign lung disease group (P<0.01). Serum HDGF and VEGF levels had no significant relationship with ages and genders in NSCLC group, but they had apparent association with smoking history, adeno-carcinoma, non- and low- differentiation, pathological stage and lymph node metastasis. Serum HDGF and VEGF levels were positively correlated(r=0.33, P<0.01). Conclusion Serum HDGF level has close association with clinical stages, and serum VEGF level is closely correlated with conditions of lymph nodes and clinical stages of lung cancers, so they are helpful in the diagnosis of NSCLC.

Clinical analysis of insulinoma resection：laparoscopy versus laparotomy

LIU Chuan, HU Sanyuan, LIU Shaozhuang, ZHANG Guangyong, WANG Kexin, YU Wenbin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  67-71.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.115

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Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic and laparotomy resection of insulinoma. Methods Clinical data of 51 cases of insulinnoma collected from July 2004 to Nov. 2013 were retrospectively analyzed, including 14 cases who underwent laparoscopy (laparoscopic group) and 37 cases receiving laparotomy (laparotomy group). The operation time, volume of blood loss, postoperative hospital stay and complications were compared. Results There was no significant difference between the diameter of tumor [(1.55±0.66) cm vs (1.57±0.54) cm], volume of blood loss[(47.85±40.03) mL vs (57.89±34.73) mL], operation time[(177.30±63.00) min vs (161.38±51.91) min], and postoperative hospital stay[(13.0±5.39)d vs (15.97±8.91)d] in the laparoscopic group and laparotomy group. The laparoscopic group had 1 case of pancreatic fistula, while the laparotomy group had 3 cases of pancreatic fistula, 1 case of postoperative bleeding, 8 cases of abdominal effusion and 4 cases with other complications. The laparoscopic group had fewer complications than the laparotomy group (P<0.05). In postoperative follow-up, the laparoscopic group (3～65 months) had 1 case of recurrence (46 months), while the laparotomy group (6～69 months) had 2 cases (34.5 months). The recurrence time of the laparoscopic group was longer than that of the laparotomy group, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusion Laparoscopic resection of insulinoma located on the body or tail of pancreas is a safe and effective surgical approach, with fewer complications, shorter postoperative hospital stay and longer recurrence time than traditional laparotomy.

Expression of autophagy pathway proteins eIF4E and 4EBP1 in several cerebroma tissues

XU Jiajun, LIU Zongxian, XU Fenglei, WANG Lei, KONG Weihua

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  72-76.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.314

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Objective To explore the expressions of 4EBP1 and eIF4E in astrocytoma, meningeoma, oligdendrocytoma, cholesteatoma and normal brain tissues and their differences. Methods Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was adopted to determine the levels of 4EBP1 and eIF4E mRNAs in four cerebromas. Both immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods were applied to detect the expressions of eIF4E and 4EBP1 proteins in four cerebromas. SPSS 17.0 was used to analyze the differences of expressions of 4EBP1 and eIF4E in four cerebromas as well as normal tissues. Results The mRNAs and proteins of eIF4E and 4EBP1 were observed in four cerebromas. Meanwhile, the proteins of LC-3 and LAMP-2A increased significantly. The results of immunohistochemistry suggested that the levels of eIF4E and 4EBP1 were higher in meningeoma, cholesteatoma, astrocytoma and oligdendrocytoma compared with those in normal tissues. The results of analysis of variance showed that in comparison to normal brain tissues, the expressions of eIF4E and 4EBP1 in astrocytoma, meningeoma, oligdendrocytoma, and cholesteatoma hadstatistically significant (P<0.01). Conclusion The expressions of eIF4E and 4EBP1 are obviously up-regulated in four cerebromas, which suggests that eIF4E, 4EBP1 and their autophagy signaling pathways play an important role in the development of cancer; therefore, eIF4E and 4EBP1 can act as potential therapeutic targets as well as evidence for clinical diagnosis.

Research on the relationship between plasma D-dimer level and prognosis of breast cancer

LI Ling, WANG Lili, WANG Shengjiang, YU Chao, LIU Yanpeng, XU Chengwei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  77-80.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.400

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Objective To analyze the changes of plasma D-dimer level in breast cancer patients, and to investigate the relationship between the level of D-dimer and prognosis of breast cancer. Methods A total of 92 cases of primary breast cancer and 85 healthy controls were enrolled. The level of D-dimer was measured with latex-enhanced immunoassay, and ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67 and P53 levels were detected with immunohistochemical methods. During the follow-up of 8 months, the plasma D-dimer levels in breast cancer patients were analyzed. Results The level of D-dimer in breast cancer patients was significantly higher compared to that of the healthy controls (P<0.01); the level of D-dimer in survivors during follow-up was significantly lower than that in those who died (P<0.05); the level of plasma D-dimer in breast cancer patients with different expressions of ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67 and P53 showed no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion D-dimer can act as a predictor of breast cancer prognosis, while it has nothing to do with other immunohistochemical indexes.

Immunohistochemical analysis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children

XU Cui, WANG Tao, ZHOU Ping

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  81-84.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.291

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Objective To assess the diagnostic value of immunohistochemical staining of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in children. Methods A total of 102 children who had upper gastrointestinal discomfort were recruited among the pediatric outpatients. Endoscopy, antral mucosal biopsy, rapid urease test (RUT) and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Before endoscopy, ¹³C-UBT and current infection marker (CIM) were used to detect the Hp infection. Parameters including sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined by ¹³C-UBT. Results There was no significant statistical difference in the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between immunohistochemistry and CIM, and between immunohistochemistry and RUT. Conclusion Immunohistochemical staining is a simple, accurate, and reliable method to determine Hp infection in children patients.

Anatomy of the root canal system of mandibular first premolar in population of Shandong Province

SHAO Haigang, WANG Xuan, WANG Qing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  85-89.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.030

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Objective To study the anatomical features of root canal system of mandibular first premolar in Shandong Province. Methods A total of 164 qualified mandibular first premolars were selected from departments of stomatology in several cities of Shandong Province to analyze the root types. The number of the teeth with root concavity was recorded. The root systems were analyzed with the transparent tooth specimen method and Vertucci's classification. Altogether 304 mandibular first premolar images were collected from the cone-beam CT image data of Department of Radiology, Stomatological Hospital of Shandong University. Results According to the transparent tooth specimen method, of the 164 teeth, 2 (1.22%) were double-rooted and 162 single-rooted. In the 162 singled-rooted teeth, typeⅠsystem accounted for 82.72%, type Ⅲ 1.23%, type Ⅳ 3.09%, type Ⅴ 12.96%, type Ⅱ, Ⅵ, Ⅶ, and Ⅷ system 0. The detection rate of double root-canal was 18.29%. Among the 36 teeth with root concavity, 21 had single and 15(41.67%) had double root-canal. From the results of cone-beam CT scan, 55(18.09%) of the teeth had double root-canal. Conclusion The rate of multiple root-canal in the mandibular first premolar root-canal of Shandong population is relatively high, which should be paid more attention by dentists.

Characteristics and relevant factors of somatization symptoms in patients with “medically unexplained symptoms” in general hospital

MAO Xueqin, ZHANG RUI, WANG Mengxin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  90-94.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.289

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Objective To explore the characteristics of somatization symptoms and the relevant factors in patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) in general hospitals. Methods A total of 50 patients with MUS and 30 healthy controls were assessed with the Somatic Self-rating Scale (SSS), Trait Coping Style Questionnaire(TCSQ) and Short Explanatory Model Interview (SEMI). Results Compared with the controls, 90% of the patients had severe degree of somatization symptoms, and all patients had significantly higher scores of somatization symptoms and negative coping (NC), but significantly lower scores of positive coping (PC) (P<0.01); as many as 68% of the patients had been chronically ill for more than 6 months (ranging from 6 months to 5 years), with more than 5 symptoms and 6 or more doctor-visits over the past half a year. Up to 96% of the patients expressed significant illness worries, believing that their symptoms indicated serious diseases, and showing obvious fear for death or paralysis. There was significant relation among somatization symptoms, coping styles, illness perception model, and doctor-visits in patients with MUS. Conclusion The MUS patients present distinctive somatization symptoms and illness perception model. Illness perception model and doctor-visits are the important predicting factors for somatization symptoms.

Association between childhood trauma, early adulthood executive functions and negative emotions in medical students

GAO Wen, CAO Fenglin, CUI Naixue

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  95-98.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.768

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Objective To explore the association between childhood trauma, executive functions, negative emotions and the mediating effects of executive functions in medical students. Methods Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) and the depression and anxiety subscales of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) were distributed among 492 medical students. Results The results of correlative analysis showed that, sex abuse had no significant correlation with physical abuse and emotion neglect, while there was a positive correlation among the other factors. The SEM suggested that childhood trauma had a direct effect on negative emotions and indirect effect through executive functions. Conclusion Childhood trauma has a great impact on early adulthood executive functions and negative emotions. Executive functions play a mediating role between childhood trauma and negative emotions.

Association among clinicians’ subjective well-being and fatigue, sleep quality and psychological security

SONG Xiuli, SHI Shousen, HAN Xiuyun, YANG Zongling, CUI Minghu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  99-103.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.091

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Objective To explore the association among clinicians' subjective well-being and fatigue, sleep quality and psychological security. Methods A total of 280 clinicians from Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University of Shandong Province were investigated with General Well-Being Schedule, Fatigue Scale-14, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Security Questionnaire. Results Male and female doctors showed distinct differences in mental fatigue, total sleep score, total score of psychological security, interpersonal security and certainty in control (P<0.01). Happiness score was positively correlated with total score of psychological security, interpersonal security and certainty in control (P<0.01), while negatively correlated with fatigue score, body fatigue, mental fatigue, sleep score, subjective sleep quality, using of sleep medication, sleep latency, sleep continuity, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disorders (P<0.05). Fatigue score was positively correlated with sleep score, subjective sleep quality, use of sleep medication, sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency and sleep disorders (P<0.05). Interpersonal security, certainty in control, subjective sleep quality, using of sleep medication, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep continuity, sleep latency and body fatigue were significant predictors for subjective well-being. Conclusion Clinicians' subjective well-being is closely associated with fatigue, sleep quality and psychological security.

Status of mental health and related factors of community health service staff in Jinan City

LIU Qianqian, XIAO Hong, YIN Aitian, SUN Xiaojie

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  104-108.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.225

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Objective To analyze the status of mental health and related factors of community health service staff in Jinan, and explore the relationship between copying style and mental health. Methods Using "SCL-90" and "SCSQ", a survey was conducted among 152 community health service staff in Jinan. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 software. Results The score of somatization, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, anxiety and total score of SCL-90 were higher than Chinese norm. Community health service staff who were divorced or widowed, and who had higher professional titles showed more serious mental problems. The mental health situation of staff aged 40-49 years was better than that of other age groups. The more people used negative coping style, the lower of their level of mental health. Conclusion The community health service centers should pay close attention to mental health of their staff, offering professional help, minimizing the use of negative coping style, and carrying out various forms of psychological counseling.

Medical expenses and economic burden of hypertension patients in rural and urban of Shandong province

SUN Weishuai, SUN Qiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(9):  109-112.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.046

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Objective To evaluate the medical expenses of hypertension and its constitution, and to calculate the economic burden of hypertension in rural and urban of Shandong province. Methods Three urban districts and four rural counties were selected by random cluster sampling method. The data of 5 188 managed hypertension patients were collected through questionnaire survey. Results The average medical expenses of urban and rural hypertension patients were 900.4 and 655.2 RMB respectively. And the proportions of households with catastrophic health expenditure were 8.1% and 7.0% respectively in urban and rural areas. Urban patients, poor patients and patients with longer illness years had higher medical expenditure. The total medical expense of hypertension reached 16.49 billion RMB as estimated in Shandong province. Conclusion More attention should be paid to reducing the economic burden of hypertension in urban areas, under the condition of continuing to reduce the economic burden of hypertension in rural areas.