Table of Content

  

10 October 2014
Volume 52 Issue 10

Pro-atherosclerotic effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes combined with chow diet on apoE-/-mice

SUN Hui, ZHAO Lei, ZHEN Xi, WANG Shasha, HUANG Shanying, HE Hong, HU Qin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  1-8,28.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.273

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Objective To explore the effects of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes combined with chow diet on atherosclerotic lesions of apoE-/-mice. Methods After 2 weeks of chow diet, 60 male apoE-/-mice (10 weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups. Diabetic apoE-/-mice (n=30) were constructed by intraperitoneal injection of low-dose STZ for 5 consecutive days. ApoE-/-mice (n=30) injected with citrate buffer liquid served as non-diabetic controls. All mice were fed with chow diet until sacrifice (23 weeks old). Serum lipid, inflammation cytokines and blood glucose were measured. Atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta and aortic root were examined with HE staining and Oil-Red-O staining. The mRNA and protein levels of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), macrophages, MMP-9/TIMP-1, TNF-α and MCP-1 in the plaques were detected with immunohistochemical staining, RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results The non-diabetic apoE-/-mice showed slight atherosclerotic lesions, while diabetic apoE-/-mice had significantly aggravated atherosclerotic lesions. Compared with non-diabetic mice, diabetic apoE-/-mice had markedly larger size of plaques, in which lipid, macrophages, type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagens and SMCs increased,while SMCs in fiber cap decreased, and atherosclerotic plaque instability index rose. Moreover, serum IL-6 and MIF levels, TNF-α, MCP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA all increased while TIMP-1 decreased. Conclusion STZ-induced diabetic apoE-/-mice fed with chow diet show deteriorated atherosclerotic lesions and relatively unstable plaques.

Early effect of shear stress on the apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells

DU Qingxia, LI Fuhai, ZHAO Cuifen, KONG Qingyu, HUANG Xiaoyang, XIA Wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  9-14.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.313

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Objective To observe the early effect of shear stress on the apoptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) and the expression of anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2, and to elucidate the early pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow. Methods Self-made perfusion system was used to exert shear stress on rat PMVECs. The Annexin V/PI staining was applied to observe the apoptosis of different groups. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were performed to measure the relative expressions of BCL-2 in the mRNA and protein levels respectively. Results Flow cytometry analysis showed that the shear stress could induce the apoptosis of the PMVECs, which would increase with the extending of the acting time. The relative expression of BCL-2 in the 0.5 h group was lower than that in the control group, and the expression would increase as the acting time extended. There was significant difference between the groups. Conclusion The shear stress can promote the apoptosis of the PMVECs and alter the expression of anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2.

LPS induces lung angiogenesis via PGE2-EP2 pathway in mouse model

ZHANG Pengfei, XU Xiaoya, JIANG Man, BI Yuli, XU Jiying, HAN Mingyong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  15-19.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.351

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Objective To investigate the mechanism by which Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced angiogenesis in mice lungs. Methods Twelve female BALB/c mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were divided into LPS and PBS groups randomly, which were intraperitoneally injected into LPS and PBS, respectively. Lung tissues were collected to determine the pulmonary blood vessel density by HE staining and CD31 immunofluorescence staining. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in serum of all mice were assayed by ELISA. Mouse pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (MPVECs) were stimulated with VEGF, PGE2, Celecoxib, EP receptor inhibitor AH6809 and EP receptor agonists (ONO-AE1-259-01, ONO-DI-004, ONO-AE-248, and ONO-AE1-329). Then culture supernatant was collected to assay VEGF expression and tube forming test was performed to observe angiogenesis of endothelial cells. Results LPS induced inflammatory response and angiogenesis in mice lungs. Serum VEGF level of LPS treated mice were higher than those of PBS treated mice (P<0.01). VEGF or PGE2 used separately could increase angiogenesis. Celecoxib reduced VEGF levels released by MPVECs and suppressed angiogenesis. VEGF production was increased by ONO-AE1-259-01 (P<0.05) and decreased by AH6809 (P<0.05). Other EP receptor agonists had no significant effects on VEGF production. Conclusion LPS can induce inflammatory response in mice lungs, and increase serum VEGF level. Celecoxib can counteract this effect. LPS promotes angiogenesis by increasing the production of VEGF via PGE2-EP2 pathway.

Hsp70/CD80 DNA vaccine inhibits asthma by regulating the balance of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 in an acute mouse model

LI Yan, XIE Min, SHI Xiaoling, WANG Xiaoyan, TANG Li, ZHONG Sen, CHEN Zhuang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  20-24.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.284

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Objective To explore the mechanism of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 rebalance in an acute asthma mouse model treated with heat shock protein70 (Hsp70)/CD80 DNA vaccine. Methods Forty BALB/c mice were divided into the control group, asthma-model group, pVXA1-vector group and vaccine treatment group, 10 in each group. They were intraperitoneally injected into ovalbumin (OVA) to build acute asthma model and treated with DNA vaccine. The airway responsiveness was evaluated after inhaling the methacholine(Mch). The IgE content in serum was detected by ELISA. The pathological change of lung tissue was observed by HE and AB-PAS staining. The expressions of interferon-γ(IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), ransforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in BALF were measured by ELISA. The expressions of T-bet, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3), forkheah box protein3 (Foxp3) and retinoid related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) in lung tissue were detected by Real-time PCR. Results Compared with asthmatic mouse, mouse treated with vaccine exhibited the decreased airway responsiveness, IgE (all P<0.05) and inflammatory infiltration of lung tissues, repressed proliferation of goblet cells, and increased IFN-γ/IL-4, TGF-β/IL-17, T-bet/GATA-3 and Foxp3/RORγt (all P<0.05). Conclusion The Hsp70/CD80 DNA vaccine plays a therapeutic role in asthma by restoring the balance of Th1/Th2/Treg/Th17 cell.

Effects of azithromycin and dexamethasone on the secretion of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in A549 cells stimulated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia

WU Fengjuan, LI Tao, QI Qian, LI Yu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  25-28.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.144

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Objective To evaluate the effect of azithromycin and dexamethasone on the secretion of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in A549 cells stimulated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia. Methods The concentrations of ICAM-1 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA when A549 cells were cultured alone and were cultured with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia for 4 and 24 hours. The normal cultured A549 cells were taken as control group. After being cultured with conidia for 24 hours, A549 cells were treatd with azithromycin (0.5, 2.5 mg/L) or dexamethasone (0.5, 2.5 mg/L) and then the ICAM-1 and TNF-α concentrations were detected by ELISA. Results After being cultured with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia for 4 and 24 hours, both ICAM-1 and TNF-α secreted in A549 cells significantly increased(P<0.05), compared with control group. Compared with the stimulation of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia alone, 2.5 mg/L azithromycin significantly inhibited the secretion of TNF-α in A549 cells incubated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia for 24 hours(P<0.05). While, 2.5 mg/L dexamethasone significantly inhibited the secretion of both TNF-α (P<0.05) and ICAM-1 in A549 cells incubated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia for 24 hours (P<0.05). Conclusion Azithromycin and dexamethasone can inhibit the secretion of ICAM-1 and TNF-α in A549 cells stimulated with Aspergillus fumigatus conidia and thus relieve the inflammatory response of lung.

Expression changes of methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 in the kidneys of instreptozocin-induced diabetic mice and its relationship with oxidative stress

YANG Zhiying, LIU Xiangchun, GUAN Guangju

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  29-34.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.401

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Objective To determine the expression changes of methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MsrB1) in the kidneys of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and to investigate its relationship with oxidative stress. Methods Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal control mice group (NC group), unilaterally nephrectomized mice group (UX group), STZ-induced diabetic mice group (STZ group) and STZ mice with unilateral renal ablation group (STZ-UX group). At the end of the 8^th week after the construction of the model, immunohistochemistry detected MsrB1 expression and distribution in the kidney tissues. The mRNA and protein levels of MsrB1 were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. The levels of oxidative stress in the kidneys of four groups were measured by the kits of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC) and total sulfhydryl groups (TSH). Results MsrB1 was located in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the renal tubular epithelial cells in mice. Compare with NC group, the mRNA and protein levels of MsrB1 and the content of TSH in the kidneys of STZ group and STZ-UX group were lower, the contents of MDA and PC were higher (P<0.05) and STZ-UX group was more obvious; there was no significant change in UX group (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that in the STZ group and STZ-UX group, MsrB1 protein expressions were negatively correlated with MDA and PC (P<0.05), and positively correlated with TSH levels (P<0.05). Conclusion The expression of MsrB1 decreases significantly in the kidneys of STZ-induced diabetic mice, which may play an important role in the oxidative stress of diabetic nephropathy.

Effect of slow-released betamethasone dipropionate microparticles on neuropathic pain in rat spinal cord and expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase

DING Chao, HU Qiya, HUANG Haizhen, GUO Yaqiu, PEI Miao, ZHU Qingzeng, QI Feng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  35-39,44.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.247

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Objective To investigate the effect of betamethasone dipropionate-ploy ethylene glycol-poly lactic acid(BDP-PEG-PLA) microparticles on the neuropathic pain in rat sciatic nerve induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI), and on the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Methods A total of 3 BDP-PEG-PLA microparticles were prepared, which were respectively denoted as the PLA number-average molecular weight 20 kD, 30 kD and 70 kD. Altogether 96 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=16): sham operation group (SH group), model group (CCI group), betamethasone dipropionate group (BDP group), 20 kD group, 30 kD group, and 70 kD group. Mechanical withdraw threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) of the rats were measured on preoperative day 1, postoperative day 3, 5, 7, 10, 13 and 15. Activation of spinal ERK was assessed on postoperative day 3 and 10 by immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with that of the CCI group, the analgesic effectof BDP group continued over a period of 5 days (P<0.05); the analgesic effects of 20 kD group, 30 kD group and 70 kD group lasted for 7, 10 and 13 days, respectively (P all <0.05). The expression of spinal pERK was suppressed in BDP group, 20 kD group, 30 kD group and 70 kD group on postoperative day 3 (P<0.05); pERK expression in 70 kD group was lower than that in CCI group and BDP group on postoperative day 10 (P<0.05). Conclusion Single injection of BDP-PEG-PLA microparticles in sciatic nerves provides long-term analgesic effect by suppressing spinal ERK activation in CCI rats, which is related to the number-average molecular weight of microparticles.

Effect of PEDF on the expression of NF-κB on high glucose-stimulated rat retinal Müller cells

BI Huanli, LI Yan, ZHANG Jie, LI Mengyun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  40-44.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.306

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Objective To investigate the protective effect of pigment epithelium-derived factor(PEDF)on cultured rat Müller cell under high concentrations of glucose, and its effect on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression. Methods Müller cells were cultured with retinal tissues of SD rats postnatal 3 to 7 days by enzyme digestion. The cells were identified by double-labeled immunofluorescence staining. The cells were randomly divided into normal control group (control group), high glucose model group (HG group) and PEDF-intervention high glucose group (HG+PEDF group). Western boltting method and immunocytochemical staining were used to detect the expression of NF-κB. Results Western boltting method showed the expression of NF-κB in HG group increased significantly compared with control group (P<0.01). NF-κB protein expression in HG+PEDF group decreased obviously compared with HG group(P<0.001). Immunocytochemical staining showed that only a few expressions of NF-κB in control group, while highly strong expression in cytoplasm and nucleus in HG group (P<0.001). Compared with HG group, NF-κB protein expression in HG+PEDF group decreased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion 25 mmol·L^-1 high glucose increases the expression of NF-κB in vitro, and lead to the injury of Müller cells. Exogenous PEDF can decrease the expression of NF-κB on retinal Müller cells and decrease cells' injury significantly. So PEDF has a significant protective effect on retinal Müller cells.

Changes and significance of serum Hs-CRP and SAA in patients with progressive cerebral infarction

LI Ning, DENG Hongqiong, WANG Cuilan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  45-48,60.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.342

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Objective To investigate changes and significance of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in patients with progressive cerebral infarction (PCI). Methods A total of 107 participants were divided into 3 groups: PCI group (n=34), non-progressive cerebral infarction (NPCI) group (n=33) and control group (people with vascular risk factors who received clinical examinations, n=34). Hs-CRP levels were measured with immune nephelometry, and SAA levels were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Patients were rated with the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) score. Results Compared with the NPCI group and controls, the Hs-CRP and SAA levels in the PCI group significantly increased on day 1, 3, 7, and 14 (all P<0.01). In the PCI group, Hs-CRP and SAA levels were positively correlated (P<0.01), and Hs-CRP and SAA levels one day 1 were negative correlated with the SSS on day 3 and 21 (all P<0.05). Conclusion Levels of Hs-CRP and SAA are significantly enhanced in PCI patients, which are closely related with the severity of disease, suggesting that Serum Hs-CRP and SAA play an important role in the progression of PCI.

Correlation of serum IMD, CysC and FGF23 with atherosclerosis in essential hypertensive

LI Jing, XU Tongtong, YU Fan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  49-54.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.279

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Objective To analyze the association between serum intermedin (IMD), Cystatin C (CysC) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) with atherosclerosis (AS) in essential hypertensive (EH). Methods Serum IMD, CysC and FGF23 levels of 60 patients with EH (EH group) and 60 healthy subjects (control group) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) was measured with UCG. Results The cIMT, serum IMD, CysC and FGF23 levels were significantly higher in EH group than in control group (P<0.05). In EH patients, cIMT, serum IMD, CysC and FGF23 levels increased with elevated blood pressure levels (P<0.05). Based on the level of cIMT, all subjects were divided into normal cIMT group, thickened cIMT group and mottling formation group. The serum IMD, CysC and FGF23 levels in the three groups rose with cIMT, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.001). The cIMT level was positively correlated with serum IMD, CysC and FGF23 levels (r=0.770, 0.616, 0.822; P<0.001). When cIMT level was taken as the dependent variable, unconditioned Logistic regression analysis showed that SBP, IMD, CysC, FGF23, and HDL were independent risk factors forcIMT (OR=1.104, 1.120, 1.107, 1.069, 3.592; P<0.05). Conclusion Serum IMD, CysC and FGF23 levels are closely associated with blood pressure classification and cIMT, indicating that they are independent risk factors of cIMT. They may participate in the pathogenesis of EH and affect the process of AS. Combined-detection of serum IMD, CysC and FGF23 can reflect the severity of AS and provide a new approach for its prevention and treatment.

Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from children with acute respiratory infections by loop-mediated isothermal amplification

LI Dan, LI Jingyi, DONG Yanqing, REN Yi, TIAN Xiujun, XIN Deli

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  55-60.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.426

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Objective To establish a method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) for rapidly detecting Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) in nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from children with acute respiratory infections. Methods According to the repeat sequence SDC1 of MP genome, 6 special primers for LAMP(SMP) were designed and the method for detecting MP DNA was developed. Sensitivity of the LAMP using SMP primers was tested using MP type strain FH DNA, and specificity was evaluated through cross-reaction with other Mycoplasmas and bacterial DNAs. The sensitivity of SMP was also compared with the reported LAMP primers(JMP) for MP. To test the reliability of SMP, 55 nasopharyngeal swab samples were detected by the LAMP using SMP primers and real-time PCR (Q-PCR), respectively. Results The LAMP using SMP primers could detect 6 copies of FH DNA, and no amplification was shown in DNA of other Mycoplasma or bacterials. The sensitivity of SMP was ten times higher than that of JMP. For 55 clinical specimens, the total consistency rate of LAMP methods using SMP and JMP primers, respectively, was 98.2%, and the total consistency rate of Q-PCR and LAMP using SMP primers was 96.4%. Conclusion LAMP method using the SMP primers designed in this research is more sensitive compared with the reported LAMP method for MP. Also, the LAMP method is more rapid and convenient for detecting MP from nasopharyngeal swab samples, so this method should be very useful for the rapid detection of MP in clinical diagnosis of MP infection.

Three dimensional registration method to evaluate the upper airway morphologic changes after mandibular setback surgery

MICHAEL M. P. NG'WANAMASELE, HAN Yanzhao, ZHANG Fenghe, TONG Dongdong, LI Liang, CHENG Huijuan, WANG Chunling, LIU Dongxu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  61-65,71.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.178

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Objective To introduce a method of three dimensional (3D) registration based on the zygomatic arch to evaluate upper airway morphologic changes after mandibular setback surgery. Methods One male patient aged 24 years who underwent mandibular setback surgery to correct Angle class Ⅲ malocclusion was involved in this study. CBCT scans were taken before start of treatment (T0), 1 week after treatment (T1) and 1 year and 5 months after treatment (T2). The 3D models of skull and upper airway were constructed from the CBCT scans and exported as stereolithography by mimics16.0 software. The stereolithoghraphy was registered by selecting landmark points on either side of each 3D models on the zygoma, zygomatic arch and frontal process of the maxilla. After that, anteroposterior length, the largest transverse width and cross-section area were measured in the axial window in four planes, and thevolume was automatically computed in two regions of oropharynx and the laryngopharynx. The distances of mandibular retrusion and relapse were measured between the B-points located along the contour lines of 3D models. Results A notable decrease in upper airway dimensions at T1 and a slight relapse at T2 was observed. The distance of mandibular B-point at T1 and T0 was large. The distance of mandibular B-point between T2 and T0 is slightly smaller than the distance between T1 and T0. Conclusion The three dimensional registration method based on the zygomatic arch can evaluate upper airway morphologic changes after mandibular setback surgery.

Cone-beam CT analysis of the relationship between the roots of maxillary posterior teeth and their adjacent anatomical structures

ZHANG Yunpeng, WEN Yong, TANG Cuizhu, ZHANG Bing, ZHAN Falong, XU Xin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  66-71.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.031

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Objective To measure and analyze the positional relationship of maxillary posterior tooth roots and their adjacent anatomical structures in order to provide references for clinical treatment. Methods One hundred and twenty cases which met the inclusion criteria were chosen from CBCT database of Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University. GALAXIS software was used to observe the classification of the relationship between the posterior maxillary tooth roots and the maxillary sinus floor, and to evaluate the incidence of various types. The vertical distance from the roots apical to the bottom of the maxillary sinus and the horizontal distance from root midpoint to the adjacent alveolar bone plate were measured and statistical analysis was carried out. Results The type that root apical and maxillary sinus was separated by bone plates had the highest incidence. The mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molar had the shortest vertical distance to the maxillary sinus (P<0.05); the palatal root of maxillary second premolar and second molar had the longest vertical distances to the sinus floor (P<0.05). The first molar mesiobuccal root was nearest to the buccal bone plate (P<0.05), and the first molar palatal root was nearest to the palatal bone plate (P<0.05). Conclusion Posterior maxillary tooth roots have a close relationship with the sinus floor and the alveolar bone plate, which should be noted in the clinical treatment. CBCT can show the relationship of posterior maxillary tooth roots and their adjacentanatomical structures clearly, and is suitable for accurate diagnosis and design before treatment.

Value of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging technology for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules

JIANG Lili, MA Zhe, MA Chuyun, HE Yuanliu, TAO Guowei, LIU Cun, GENG Qun, TANG Tingting, WANG Yin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  72-76.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.222

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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elasticity imaging for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions. Methods Two hundred and sixty-eight patients with 312 thyroid nodules undergoing thyroid nodules surgeryor biopsies after thyroid nodules VTQ examination were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were selected from the Department of Ultrasonography, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University,during Sep. 2011 to Oct. 2012. All cases were divided into four groups, benign nodules group(n=196),parenchyma surrounding benign nodules group(n=196), malignant nodules group(n=116), and parenchyma surrounding malignant nodules group(n=116), according to the pathological results. TheVTQ values of the four groups were detected and statistically analyzed. Results ①VTQ value of malignant thyroid nodules group was significantly higher than those of the other groups(P<0.001);②No significant difference was found among the VTQ values of parenchyma surrounding benign nodules group, benign nodules group and parenchyma surrounding malignant nodules group(P=0.174, P=0.812, P=0.063);③According to the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve, 3.25 m/s was determined as the optimized point of the diagnostic value. When an SWV greater than 3.25 m/s was used for the diagnosis of malignant nodules and less than 3.25 m/s for the diagnosis of benign nodules, the sensitivity and specificity of ARFI imaging were 89% and 70%, respectively. Conclusion VTQ technology is more objective in quantitatively evaluating tissue hardness. VTQ technology shows better diagnostic value in the evaluation of benign and malignant thyroid nodules.

Expression and significance of GDF9 and BMP15 in follicular fluid of women with polycysticovary syndrome

HA Lingxia, LI Xianghong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  77-80,95.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.360

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Objective To investigate the expression of growth differentiation factor9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein15 (BMP15) in follicular fluid of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients and the effects on the outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods A total of 60 PCOS patients (PCOS group) and 60 women with normal ovarian function (control group) were collected. The general information, the numbers of oocytes, mature oocytes, fertilized oocytes, cleavage, high quality embryos, and the rate of clinical pregnancy were recorded. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of GDF9 and BMP15 in the follicular fluid of all subjects. The PCOS group was further divided into pregnant and non-pregnant subgroups according to the presence of a gestational sac on ultrasound. The expressions of GDF9 and BMP15 were analyzed. Results ① The number of oocytes was 18.76±8.51 and 11.23±4.29 in the PCOS group and control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). The number ofmature eggs, fertilization rate, cleavage rate, good quality embryo and the clinical pregnancy rate between the two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05). ② The expressions of GDF9 and BMP15 were 0.85±0.27 and 1.29±0.48 in the PCOS group, and 1.33±0.24 and 1.94±0.57 in the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). ③ The expressions of GDF9 and BMP15 were 1.01 ± 0.31 and 1.50 ± 0.41 in the pregnant subgroup, and 0.71±0.21 and 1.09±0.46 in the non-pregnant subgroup, with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The expressions of GDF9 and BMP15 in follicular fluid in the PCOS group are lower than those of the control group, suggesting that the low expression may affect oocyte quality and embryo development potential. The expressions of GDF9 and BMP15 in follicular fluid of the pregnant subgroup are higher than those of the non-pregnant subgroup, suggesting that the high expression may be associated with a good pregnancy outcome.

Expression of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 in villous and decidual tissues of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion

JIA Qiuhua, YU Fei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  81-85.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.465

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Objective To explore the expression of T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) in villous and decidual tissues of patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). Methods A total of 30 pregnant women with URSA treated in Maternal and Children Health Hospital of Linyi City during March 2012 to June 2014 were involved as the case group, and 30 normal pregnant women who had undergone selective abortion (gestational age 6 to 12 weeks) in the same period were chosen as the control group. The location and protein level of Tim-3 in villous and decidual tissues of the two groups were measured with immunohistochemistry technique. Results Immunohistochemical staining results showed that in the two groups, Tim-3 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm of villi trophoblast cells and form-fitting trophoblastic cells, villi interstitial, cytoplasm of glandular epithelial cells of the decidual tissue, and decidual stromal. The expression of Tim-3 in the villous tissues and glands of decidual tissues of the case group was stronger than that of the control group (P<0.001). In the villous tissues of the case group, 2 cases had weak expression of Tim-3, 5 had positive expression, and 23 had strong positive expression. In the villous tissues of the control group, 22 cases had weak expression of Tim-3, 6 had positive expression, and 2 had strong positive expression. In the decidualtissues of the case group, 4 cases had weak expression of Tim-3, 5 had positive expression, and 21 had strong positive expression. In the decidual tissues of the control group, 26 cases had weak expression of Tim-3, 2 had positive expression, and 2 had strong positive expression. Conclusion Tim-3 might take part in the genesis and development of URSA.

Surgical treatment experience of congenital simple penile curvature

LU Fuding, XUAN Xujun, XU Kewei, BI Liangkuan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  86-89.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.152

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Objective To investigate the management of congenital simple penile curvature, exploring the choice of surgical approaches and the prevention of complications. Methods Degloving of penile shaft, urethral remission and albuginea fold suture were performed in 26 cases of simple penis deformity, including 14 cases of type Ⅱ and 12 cases of type Ⅲ. The patients' average age was 14 years. All patients used Bactroban to prevent infection after operation. Results All patients were successfully operated on and discharged from hospital 7 d～10 d after operation. Of them, 25 cases recovered after the first session, 1 case burned his wound by alcohol and recovered 1 month later. During the follow-up of 54 months, all penis were completely straight without any recurrence, and none needed a second operation. Conclusion The degloving of penile shaft, urethral remission combined with albuginea fold suture is effective for patients with congenital islated penile curvature. It is advisable to select the appropriate surgical procedure according to the type and severity of penile curvature, thus to ensure the length and erectile function of the penis. Bactroban ointment used postoperatively is a good way to prevent infection.

Analysis of SLC26A4 gene mutations in 5 families associated with enlarge vestibular aqueduct syndrome

ZHU Famei, ZHENG Jiafa, XIE Dinghua, HU Peng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  90-95.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.393

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Objective To analyze the molecular epidemiology of SLC26A4 mutations in 5 families associated with enlarge vestibular aqueduct syndrome(EVAS). Methods 5 families associated with EVAS were included in this study. Family history and clinical information were collected from all families. Genomic DNA samples were extracted from peripheral blood of all the members in those families and examined with the DNA microarray and sequencing in SLC26A4 gene. Results We found 5 types of mutation totally, including IVS7-2A>G,2168A>G,1229C>T,IVS15+5G>A and 679G>C. Compound heterozygous mutations in SLC26A4 gene were found in 6 patients, and 11 cases of normal hearing were also heterozygous carriers of mutation. IVS7-2A>G was the most common mutation. Conclusion Hearing loss in the 6 patients of the 5 families is all caused by different biallelic mutations of SLC26A4, in accordance with autosomal recessive genetic mechanisms.

Role of ultrasound guided measurement of inferior vena cava and right ventricular diameters in the assessment of volume status in elderly patients

ZHU Lei, ZHAO Zhibin, FENG Jiying, ZHU Pin, LUAN Hengfei, ZHANG Xiaobao

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  96-99.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.278

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Objective To evaluate inferior vena cava (IVC) and right ventricular (RV) diameters and their correlations with central venous pressure (CVP) for rapid evaluation of blood volume in elderly patients. Methods A total of 40 elderly patients with preoperative fasting (experimental group) and 30 healthy elderly volunteers (control group) were enrolled in the study. The heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO₂), mean arterial pressure (MAP) of patients were recorded after they were sent to the operating room. The IVC diameters during expiration (IVCe) and inspiration (IVCi), and the maximum RV diameter were measured with ultrasonography both before and after fluid resuscitation. The CVP was measured under local anesthesia. The HR, SpO₂, MAP, IVC and RV of controls were measured during the time they participated in the study. Results The average diameters of the IVCe, IVCi, and RV in patients were significantly lower compared with healthy controls (P<0.01), while IVC-CI of patients was higher than that of controls. After fluid resuscitation, IVCe was increased by 46.5% and IVCi by 85.9%, which were positively correlatedwith synchronous CVP (r=0.598); IVC-CI was reduced by 31.7%, which was negatively correlated with CVP (r=-0.418). Conclusion The IVC and RV are consistently low in hypovolemic elderly patients when compared with healthy controls. Ultrasonographic measurements of IVC and RV diameters could be a useful noninvasive tool for the detection and follow-up of elderly patients with hypovolemia.

Efficacy of periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of developmental dysplasia of hip

JU Shengtao, JIA Tanghong, NING Bin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  100-102.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.208

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Objective To investigate the early therapeutic effect of periacetabular osteotomy to treat developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH). Methods A total of 22 hips in 19 DDH patients were treated with periacetabular osteotomy. All patients were then followed up for an average of 28 months. The preoperative and postoperative CE angle, AC angle, and Harris score were measured and compared. Results All patients were healed. The main clinical symptoms and signs were significantly improved. The Harris score was 76.1±8.64 preoperatively and 87.88±6.54 postoperatively (P<0.05). AC angle decreased from preoperative (24.26±1.61)° to postoperative (14.41±1.39)°(P<0.05), while CE angle increased from preoperative (9.47±2.03)° to postoperative (23.98±2.75)°(P<0.05). Conclusion Periacetabular osteotomy is an effective surgical method for developmental dysplasia of hip. Correct surgical operation and active postoperative rehabilitation can achieve satisfactory outcomes.

Microsatellite polymorphism of Candida albicans isolated from invasive infection sources in Guizhou region, China

WANG Meizhu, LIU Shuiqing, MA Kai, LIU Juan, LIU Taohua, BAI Fengyan, KANG Yingqian

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(10):  103-107110.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.422

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Objective To survey the microsatellite polymorphism of Candida albicans(C.albicans) strains isolated from invasive infection sources in Guizhou region. Methods Ninety-five independent C.albicans strains isolated from invasive infection sources in Guizhou region were investigated based on single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCP) and GeneScan analysis. Genotypes were identified by microsatellite locus CAI polymorphism analysis. The polymorphic information content (PIC) and Nei's genetic distance were computed by software PowerMarker V3.25. In addition, phylogenetic tree was constructed based on UPGMA methods. Results Among the 95 C.albicans strains isolated from invasive infection sources, 40 distinct CAI genotypes with various patterns were identified by GeneScan analysis, and there were 7 novel CAI microsatellite genotypes which were identified in Guizhou province. The PIC was0.904 6. Seven clusters were divided in the UPGMA phylogenetic tree with Nei's the genetic distance, in which the strains from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and AIDS were scattered in different clusters, while strains from tumor source were gathered in some relatively close clusters. Conclusion The C.albicans strains isolated from various invasive disease sources shows abundant genetic diversity characteristics. The CAI microsatellite genotypes of C.albicans from different sources are correlated to their micro-ecological evolution evidence.