Table of Content

  

10 April 2015
Volume 53 Issue 4

Galectin-9 inhibits proliferation and migration of glioma cells

YAO Zhong, CHEN Weiliang, XU Yangyang, HE Ying, QU Xun, LI Xingang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  1-5.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.666

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Objective To investigate the effects of exogenous galectin-9 on the proliferation and migration of glioma cells and its potential mechanism. Methods The expression of galectin-9 in glioma cells was detected with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). After glioma cell line U251 was treated with different concentrations of exogenous galectin-9 (1, 4, 8, 16 μg/mL), the changes of proliferation and migration were tested with cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell chambers respectively at different time (12, 24, 36 h). When the competitive inhibitor lactose was added, the changes in proliferation and migration were detected. Results The expression of galectin-9 in 4 glioma cell lines was low or barely detected. Cells treated with 8 and 16 μg/mL galectin-9 showed decreased cell proliferation rates, compared with control group (P <0.001). With time passing by, the cell proliferation rate decreased gradually (P <0.01). After lactose treatment, cell proliferation rate increased (P <0.05). Galectin-9 treatment significantly reduced the numbers of cells penetrating the micropomus membrane (P <0.01), while lactose treatment increased the number of cells, compared with the untreated group (P<0.05). Conclusion Galectin-9 effectively inhibits proliferation of glioma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and it can also inhibit the migration of glioma cells.

SN-38-loaded electrospun composite nanofiber scaffolds for the treatment of human glioma cells in vitro

ZHU Xiaodong, XIA Tongliang, YAO Qingyu, LI Haoyuan, WANG Benlin, NI Shilei, WANG Jiangang, LI Xingang, SU Wandong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  6-11.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.826

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Objective To establisht an effectively controlled release system which was based on 7-ethyl-10-hydroxyl camptothecin (SN-38)-loaded electrospun composite nanofiber with poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/poly (D, L-lactide) (PDLLA) and to evaluate its antitumor activity against U-251 glioma cells in vitro. Methods SN-38-loaded PCL/PDLLA fibers were manufactured by electrospinning. The physical status of SN-38 within the polymeric fibers was investigated by different scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). The static wettability of the membrane was measured by contact angle analyzer. The release speeds of two samples were determined, and their cytotoxicity against U-251 glioma cells was assessed in vitro. Results Uniform and smooth SN-38-loaded PCL/ PDLLA fibers were obtained. Cell toxicity test results showed that the SN-38-loaded PCL/PDLLA fibers could continuously inhibit the U-251 glioma cells. Due to different drug-loading rates, different membranes showed various release time. The antitumor activity of the 2 wt.% SN-38-loaded PCL/PDLLA nanofiber meshes were controlled and sustained. Conclusions Using SN-38-loaded composite nanofiber of PCL/PDLLA as a sustained delivery system is feasible. While the drug-loading rate is augmented, the release time of drug within the fibers will be increased accordingly.

Experimental research on biological activities of glioma cells inhibited by TRAIL in combination with paclitaxel

XING Deguang, MA Ermeng, WANG Moulong, SUN Zhongzheng, FAN Mingde, ZANG Yizheng, WANG Chengwei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  12-15.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.036

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Objective To explore the effects of paclitaxel (PX) in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on glioma U251 cell apoptosis and its possible mechanism. Methods The proliferation and apoptosis of U251 cells treated by TRAIL/PX in combination or alone at different concentrations were detected with modified MTT and flow cytometry. Proteins of U251 cell TRAIL death receptor DR4 and DR5 were measured with Western blot assay. Results Both TRAIL and PX had inhibitory effect on U251 cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner, combined TRAIL/PX treatment had remarkably higher inhibitory effect on cell growth and apoptosis of U251 cells than either drug used lone (P <0.05). Furthermore, combined TRAIL/PX treatment showed a synergistic effect on U251 to upregulate the expression of DR4 (P <0.05), but had no effect on the expression of DR5. Conclusions PX can improve the sensitivity of glioma U251 cells to TRAIL by upregulation of DR4, and then inhibit glioma cell proliferation and induce apoptosis.

Effects of miR-584 on the invasion and migration of human glioblastoma U251 cells

HAN Xiao, XUE Hao, YAN Shaofeng, GUO Xing, LI Tong, GUO Xiaofan, GAO Xiao, LI Gang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  16-21.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.965

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Objective To explore the effect of miR-584 expression on the invasion and migration of glioblastoma U251 cells in vitro. Methods Chemosynthetic miR-584-3p was transfected into glioblastoma cells under the induction of Lipofectamine 2000. The cells were divided into control group(no transfection), mimics NC group(transfected with negative control sequence of miR-584-3p mimics), miR-584-3p mimics group(transfected with miR-584-3p mimics), inhibitor NC group(transfected with negative control sequence of miR-584-3p inhibitor), miR-584-3p inhibitor group(transfected with miR-584-3p inhibitor).The expression of miR-584-3p was detected by Real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 proliferation assay. The invasive and migratory effects of glioblastoma cell were measured by Wound healing and Transwell assays. Results Compared with mimics NC group and control group, the expression of miR-584-3p in miR-584-3p mimics group was upregulated by 100 times(P< 0.05). Compared with mimics NC group and control group, the cell proliferation ability of miR-584-3p mimics group showed no significant change(P >0.05), but the cellular migratory and invasive activity of miR-584-3p mimics group were down-regulated significantly(P <0.05). Compared with inhibitor NC group and control group, the expression of miR-584-3p in miR-584-3p inhibitor group was down-regulated by 20 times(P <0.05). Compared with inhibitor NC group and control group, the cell proliferation ability of miR-584-3p inhibitor group showed no significant change(P >0.05), the cellular migration and invasive activity in miR-584-3p inhibitor group were up-regulated significantly(P <0.05). Conclusion The migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells can be inhibited by the over-expression of miR-584-3p, while the transfection of miR-584-3p inhibitor can enhance the migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells.

Anti-fibrosis role of miR-29c in rat leptomeninge after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

CHENG Li, ZHANG Chuanbin, LI Meng, ZHANG Yuzhen, SUN Jinlong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  22-25.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.771

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Objective To explore the role of miR-29c in rat leptomeningeal fibrosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods A total of 26 healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham group (n=6), empty lentiviral group (n=8), and LV-rno-miRNA-29c group (n=12). 5 μL saline, empty lentivirus and LV-rno-miRNA-29c were respectively injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of rats in each group. The SAH models were induced by injecting autologous blood twice into the cisterna magna, and 21 days later the rats were killed. Realtime PCR was used to detect the expressions of TGF-β1 and miR-29c. Masson staining was performed to observe collagen fiber. ELISA was adopted to measure the level of PICP in CSF. Results Increased TGF-β1 and decreased miR-29c were detected. The upregulation of miR-29c could significantly reduce the expressions of PICP in CSF and collagen in leptomeninge. Conclusion High expression of miR-29c may have potential therapeutic effects for leptomeningeal fibrosis by inhibiting collagen synthesis after SAH.

Effects of thrombolytic therapy with broadened therapeutic window on the free radical activity and the expression of Caspase-3 in a rat model of acute cerebral infarction

LIU Jie, LIU Jinzhi, LIN Yan, HUANG Zhan, WANG Aihua

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  26-30.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.773

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Objective To explore the effects of thrombolytic therapy with broadened therapeutic window on nitric oxide (NO), nitric-oxide synthase (NOS), malondialdehude (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Caspase-3 in rats with acute cerebral infarction. Methods Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were established with autologous thrombus. A total of 144 SD rats were randomly divided into control group, stroke group, and 6 h thrombolytic group (n=48 in each group). The contents of NO, NOS, MDA and SOD of cerebral tissue were assayed by the colorimetric and hydroxylamine methods. Changes of neurons were observed by HE staining. Expressions of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and Caspase-3 were determined by immunohistochemical techniques. Results Compared with stroke group, the contents of NO, inducible NOS (iNOS), MDA of 6 h thrombolytic group obviously decreased at different time points (P <0.05), the activity of SOD obviously increased (P< 0.05), neurons in the cortical brain increased, the expression of nNOS and Caspase-3 obviously decreased (P <0.05). Conclusion Thrombolytic therapy with broadened therapeutic window can decrease the reaction of oxidative stress and the expression of the apoptosis.

Involvement of canonical Wnt pathway in postischemic angiogenesis in a rat model of ischemic stroke

CHEN Haili, GU Jiaoyang, ZHANG Wenjing, YUAN Linran, ZHENG Juan, YUAN Zhongrui

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  31-36.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.775

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Objective To investigate the involvement of canonical Wnt pathway in postischemic angiogenesis by using a rat model of ischemic stroke. Methods A total of 50 normal male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham group (n=10), cerebral ischemia group (MCAO group, n=20), LiCl treated group (LiCl group, n=10) and DKK1 treated group (DKK1 group, n=10). Western blotting was used to detect the expression of the elements of canonical Wnt pathway. FITC-dextran was used to detect the vessel volume, and Laser Doppler was used to measure the local cerebral blood flow in ischemic penumbral. Results The expressions of β-catenin in both the nuclear fraction and the cytoplasmic fraction in MCAO group decreased at 1 day post-cerebral ischemia, compared with Sham group(P< 0.05). Nevertheless, the expressions of β-catenin in both the nuclear fraction and the cytoplasmic fraction at 7 day post-cerebral ischemia significantly increased (P< 0.05), and reached normal level at 14 day post-cerebral ischemia. Compared with MCAO group, the expressions of β-catenin in both the nuclear fraction and the cytoplasmic fraction LiCl group in were upregulated, accompanied with the elevated ratio of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, enhanced vessel volume and local cerebral blood flow in ischemic penumbral(P< 0.05). Compared with MCAO group, the expressions of β-catenin in DKK1 group in both the nuclear fraction and the cytoplasmic fraction were downregulated, accompanied with the decreased ratio of p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β, weakened vessel volume and local cerebral blood flow in ischemic penumbral(P< 0.05). Conclusion The canonical Wnt pathway might be involved in postischemic angiogenesis.

Neuroprotection of sodium pyruvate on repetitive and profound neonatal hypoglycemic brain injury

ZHOU Dong, CHANG Hong, SUN Ruopeng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  37-42.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.709

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Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of sodium pyruvate on newborn Wistar rats suffered from repetitive and profound insulin-induced hypoglycemic brain injury. Methods A total of 36 newborn Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: insulin-treated P group (INS-P group, n=12), insulin and sodium pyruvate-treated group (INS-PP group, n=12), and control group (n=12). On postnatal day 2, 4 and 6, insulin were injected hypodermicly into rats to induce hypoglycemia. After hypoglycemia lasting for 2.5 hours, dextrose was injected hypodermicly into rats in INS-P group, while dextrose was injected hypodermicly and sodium pyruvate was injected peritoneally into rats in INS-PP group. On 1 day after the third hypoglycemic insult, the neuronal degeneration in the rats' brains was examined by FJB staining. When the rats were 6 weeks old, their spatial learning and memory ability were detected with Morris' water maze experiment. Results Compared with INS-P group, the number of degenerated neurons in INS-PP group reduced and spatial learning and memory ability decreased. For the rats in INS-PP group, the spending time to find the platform was less, swimming distance was shorter, lingering time in the quadrant of platform was longer, and times to cross the platform were increased compared with those in INS-P group. Conclusion Sodium pyruvate can provide a neuroprotective effect on rats suffered from repetitive and profound neonatal hypoglycemia. Sodium pyruvate administration may be an effective intervention for patients with severe neonatal hypoglycemia to prevent brain injury.

Effects of rosiglitazone and insulin on the expression of TIPE2 and cell apoptosis in the brain of type 2 diabetic GK rats

YOU Jiebing, SUN Zhongwen, DU Juan, XU Wenjuan, WANG Yalin, LI Shuai, ZHU Meijia

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  43-48.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.927

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Objective To explore the effects of rosiglitazone and insulin on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α induced protein 8 like-2 (TIPE2) and cell apoptosis in the brain of type 2 diabetic GK rats, and to investigate the mechanism involved. Methods A total of 25 rats were enrolled and divided into 5 groups, including 3-month-old Wistar rats in the 3Wistar group, 3-month-old GK rats in the 3GK group, 6-month-old GK rats in the 6GK group, rosiglitazone treated 6-month-old GK rats in the RSG+6GK group, and insulin treated 6-month-old GK rats in the INS+6GK group, with 5 rats in each group. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to observe the quantity and features of TIPE2expression in different rats' brains. RT-PCR and Western blotting were adopted respectively to detect the mRNA and protein level of TIPE2 in different rats' brains. Immunofluorescence (IH) was applied to observe the numbers of apoptotic cells in different rats' brains. Results There were significant differences among the groups in the staining intensity, numbers of positively-stained cells and positively-stained vessels, level of mRNA and protein, and expression of TIPE2. The above indexes were highest in the 6GK group, followed by the 3GK group, 3Wistar group, RSG+6GK group and INS+6GK group (all P< 0.05). The number of apoptotic cells was positively associated with the expression of TIPE2 (r=0.9816, P< 0.05). Conclusion Type 2 diabetes can promote the expression of TIPE2 and cell apoptosis. With age and progression of diabetes mellitus, expression of TIPE2 and the number of apoptotic cells gradually increase. After rosiglitazone and insulin treatment, the expression of TIPE2 reduces and cell apoptosis is inhibited. In the course of diabetes mellitus, TIPE2 accelerates the cell apoptosis.

Effects of theanine on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells

LIANG Yu, XIN Tao, LIU Qian, ZHENG Xiangrong, YANG Yihang, PANG Qi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  49-54.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.818

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Objective To explore the effects of theanine on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Methods NSCs were isolated from Kunming mouse embryonic at E12.5 by mechanical blowing combined with stencils of 200 mesh. Isolated NSCs were then identified with nestin immunofluorescent staining technique. Different concentrations of theanine were added into nutrient fluid, cell activity at different time was detected with MTS, and the final concentration of theanine (100 μmol/L) was determined. Then NSCs were divided into two groups: control group, theanine (100 μmol/L) treated group. The proliferation and differentiation of NSCs were determined with BrdU labeling and immunofluorescent staining of microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The Q-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of MAP2 and GFAP. Results The optical density of theanine (100 μmol/L) treated group was significantly increased in MTS (P <0.05). The ratio of BrdU-positive cells and MAP2-positive cells against total NSCs treated with theanine was significantly increased in comparison with that in control group (P <0.05), but there was no noticeable difference in GFAP immunofluorescence between the two groups. The expression of MAP2 treated with theanine was significantly increased compared with that in the control group, there was no noticeable difference in GFAP expression between the two groups. Conclusion Theanine (100 μmol/L) can promote the proliferation of NSCs and its neuronal differentiation.

Effects of ketamine on the learning and memory ability as well as the TSPO protein expression in hippocampus in juvenile mice

LI Guiting, ZHANG Rui, ZOU Shanshan, DING Ming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  55-60.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.584

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Objective To observe the effects of ketamine administered repeatedly on the ability of learning and memory as well as the expression of TSPO protein in hippocampus in juvenile mice. Methods A total of 24 juvenile Wistar mice, aged 21 days, were randomly divided into the control group (n=12), which received intraperitoneal injection of NS, and the ketamine group (n=12), which received intraperitoneal injection of ketamine,1 time a day for 7 consecutive days. To observe the learning and memory function of mice, Morris water maze was performed in both groups, including 4-day trail and 1-day probe. After behavior test, the morphological changes and number of the microglia cells and the level of TSPO protein in the bilateral hippocampus tissues were observed using double immunofluorescence standard technique and Western blotting. Results From trail day 3-4, latencies of mice in the ketamine group were significantly longer than those in the control group (P <0.01). On the probe day, time and frequency during platform quadrant in the ketamine group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P <0.01). In hippocampus area, Western blotting showed that microglia and TSPO proteins increased; immunofluorescence showed morphological changes in the microglia and higher expression of TSPO protein in the ketamine group. Conclusion Ketamine anesthesia reduces not only learning ability but also spatial memory in mice. The microglia cells of hippocampus are activated and TSPO protein is increased.

Beta-synuclein promotes the expression of vesicular monoamine transporter-2

YANG Lu, ZHOU Yingze, NI Ming, FAN Xiushuang, MAN Jianmei, GUO Juntang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  61-64.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.641

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Objective To investigate the effect of β-synuclein on the expression of vesicular monoamine transporter-2(VMAT2). Methods The effects of β-synuclein stable expression on the intracellular ROS level were detected by dichlorofluorescein diacetata(DCFH-DA). The expression of VMAT2 was detected by double immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in SH-SY5Y cells which were transfected stably with β-synuclein and normal SH-SY5Y cells. Results The intracellular ROS level in the cells stably expressing β-synuclein was significantly lower than that of normal SH-SY5Y cells.The expression of β-synuclein in the SH-SY5Y cells which were stably transfected with β-synuclein was higher than that of normal SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusion β-synuclein can reduce the content of DA in cytosolic by promoting the expression of VMAT2, which can inhibit the generation of ROS. It plays an important protective role in the process of dopamine neurons' degeneration in Parkinson's disease.

Value of 3.0T ¹H-MRS in the differential diagnosis of high-grade brain gliomas and solitary metastatic tumors

YANG Hui, LI Wanhu, CHEN Yueqin, GUO Mujie, XU Liang, WU Yufen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  65-70.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.451

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Objective To assess the value of MR spectroscopy (MRS) in differentiating solitary brain metastases from high-grade gliomas on the basis of differences in metabolite ratios in the intratumoral and peritumoral region. Methods A total of 23 patients with high-grade gliomas and 15 patients with solitary brain metastases underwent MRI and ¹H-MRS before surgery. A variety of metabolite peaks including Cho, Cr, NAA and Lip/Lac were detected in the peritumoral areas and the tumoral core. The differences in the metabolite ratios were analyzed statistically. Cutoff values of Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, and NAA/Cr ratios in the peritumoral edema, as well as Cho/Cr ratios in the tumoral core for distinguishing high-grade gliomas from metastases were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Significant differences were noted in the peritumoral Cho/Cr, Cho/NAA, and NAA/Cr ratios between high-grade gliomas and metastases. ROC analysis demonstrated a cutoff value of 1.33 for peritumoral Cho/Crratio to provide sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve(AUC) of 73.9%, 100%, 89.3%, respectively. By using a cutoff value of 1.25 for peritumoral Cho/NAA ratio, the sensitivity was 76.2%, the specificity was 100%, and the AUC was 90.7%. Conclusion MRS can differentiate high-grade gliomas from solitary brain metastases, especially with peritumoral measurements and analysis of ROC curve.

Relationship between polymorphisms of Parkin gene and the risk of Parkinson's disease in Han nationality of Shandong Province

CHEN Si, WANG Muchuan, REN Nannan, XU Wei, WANG Lingling, LUAN Haihui, MA Jun, LIU Yiming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  71-74.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.808

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Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphisms in Parkin gene and the risk of Parkinson's disease(PD) in Han nationality of Shandong province. Methods The alleles of three polymorphisms(Ser167Asn,Val380Leu and Arg366Trp)in Parkin gene in 145 PD patients(PD group) and 126 people who undertook health examination(control group) in Han population of Shandong Province were analyzed by DNA sequencing and restricted endonuclease digestion. PD group included 67 patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease(EPOD) and 78 patients with late-onset parkinson's disease(LOPD). Results There were no significant difference in the three polymorphisms(Ser167Asn, Val380Leu and Arg366Trp)between PD group and control group; In PD group, The allele frequencies in Ser167Asn and Arg366Trp of EOPD patients showed no significant difference with LOPD patients. The allele frequency in Val380Leu of EOPD patients was significantly higher than LOPD patients(P=0.01, OR=3.39, 95%CI:1.287-8.931). Conclusion The three polymorphisms(Ser167Asn, Val380Leu and Arg366Trp)in Parkin gene may be not associated with PD in Han nationality of Shandong province, and Val380Leu may make the onset age of PD in advance.

Expression of interleukin-33 and its function in the serum of patients with cerebrovascular disease

YU Lei, LI Zhen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  75-79.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.711

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Objective To explore the prognostic value of serum interleukin-33(IL-33) level in cerebral infarction with carotid atherosclerotic plaque and the pathological functions of IL-33. Methods ELLSA was applied to detect serum IL-33 levels in the patients with cerebral infarction(n=63)and transient ischemic attack(n=30), as well as normal controls(n=15). Western blotting,qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression levels of MMP9 and Cox-2 in PBMC and U937 cells after IL-33 stimulation. Results The serum level of IL-33 was lower in patients with cerebral infarction, compared with those in transient ischemic attack and normal controls(all P<0.01). IL-33 expression levels decreased in turn in cerebral infarction patients with unstable plaque, stable plaque and without plaque(P <0.01). IL-33 expression level was also lower in the serum of cerebral infarction patients concurrent with diabetes and hyperlipidaemia(all P <0.01). Furthermore, MMP9 and Cox-2 expression levels in PBMC and U937 could be down-regulated after treatment with IL-33. Conclusion IL-33 can be regarded as a potential serum marker or treatment target of cerebral infarction and unstable atherosclerotic plaques.

Microsurgical treatment of brain arteriovenous malformation in cerebral functional areas assisted with electro-magnetic navigation and ultrasound

LI Bing, FEI Chang, GUO Feng, SUN Aigang, HUAN Linchun, GUO Shouzhong, LIU Yuhai

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  80-82.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.308

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Objective To explore the efficacy of electro-magnetic navigation and ultrasound in microsurgical treatment of brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in cerebral functional areas. Methods Clinical data of 41 cases of AVM treated in our hospital during May 2005 to May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The cases could be divided into 2 groups: the assisted group which received operation assisted with electro-magnetic navigation and ultrasound (n=23), and the non-assisted group which were treated solely with microsurgery (n=18). In the assisted group, after AVM and functional areas were located by electro-magnetic navigation and ultrasound, AVM was removed with reference to the relationship between AVM and functional areas. Results In non-assisted group, AVM was totally removed in 11 cases and subtotally removed in 7 cases. After operation, 10 cases recovered, 2 cases had no change, and 6 cases were impaired. In the assisted group, all intracranial lesions were accurately located. The matching error was 0.86-3.10 mm, mean 1.52 mm. The AVM was totally removed in 21 cases and subtotally removed in 2 cases. After operation, 18 cases recovered, 3 cases had no change, and 2 cases were impaired. The ratio of AVM resection in the assisted group was much higher than that in the non-assisted group. The ratio of dysfunction in the assisted group was much lower than that in the non-assisted group (P <0.05). Conclusion Assisted with electro-magnetic navigation and ultrasound, the AVM and functional area can be accurately located and complications can be substantially reduced.

Simple endoscopic vascular decompression in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

WANG Jiwei, LI Chao, CHEN Teng, ZHANG Wenhua, LI Weiguo, MA Xiangyu, XU Shujun, LI Xingang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  83-86.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.764

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Objective To explore the operative technique and clinical value of simple endoscopic vascular decompression (EVD) for trigeminal neuralgia. Methods Clinical data of 35 cases of primary trigeminal neuralgia treated with simple EVD during Nov. 2013 and Sept. 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Pain relief, operation time and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results Of all patients, 33 achieved immediate postoperative pain control and 2 obtained obvious pain relief. Mean operation time was 85.6 minutes and the complication rate was 2.8%. No death or recurrence were detected during follow-up. Conclusion Neuroendoscopy can complete trigeminal microvascular decompression alone, eliminate the blind area in traditional microscopic surgery, and significantly reduce the injury to blood vessels, nerves and brain tissues. Endoscopic vascular decompression is a safe and effective alternative for traditional microvascular decompression or neuroendoscopy-assisted microvascular decompression.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: case report and literature review

ZHENG Wen, LI Mingxin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  87-91.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.708

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and explore the underlying mechanism and therapeutic strategies. Methods The clinical and radiographic features of 14 SIH cases were retrospectively analyzed. The published literatures related to SIH were reviewed. Results All patients showed orthostatic headache (14/14), which was complicated with nausea/vomiting in 8 cases (8/14), and with compulsive posture in 7 cases (7/14). Orthostatic cranial nervous impairments included dizziness (11/14), hearing loss and tinnitus (7/14), diplopia (3/14), blurred vision (1/14), facial paresthesia (1/14) and true bulbar paralysis (1/14). Other orthostatic nervous impairments were cerebellar ataxia (4/14), conscious disturbance (2/14), hypermyotonia (2/14), positive pathological reflex (1/14), personality changes (1/14) and urine retention (1/14). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse meningeal enhancement (10/14), subdural effusion(10/14), brain sagging (10/14), cerebral hernia (6/14), smaller angle between Galen vain and straight sinus (2/14) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (1/14). Conclusion The clinical and radiographic manifestations of SIH are varied, and orthostatic feature is the most important factor leading to the diagnose. As the potential cause of SIH is spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak, conservative therapy, blood patch and surgery are effective management.

Value of postoperative intracranial pressure monitoring as a guide for the treatment after intracranial hematoma surgery

WU Bin, ZHANG Ning, LI Zhiqiang, WANG Xuyang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(4):  92-94.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.589

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Objective To investigate the significance of monitoring intracranial pressure after surgical treatment of intracranial hematoma. Methods Clinical data of 415 patients with craniocerebral hematoma were retrospectively reviewed. These patients' intracranial pressure was dynamically monitored after the hematoma was removed. Results With the guidance of monitoring, 294 patients with normal or slightly elevated intracranial pressure were given reduced dosage of dehydrant, while 121 patients who had moderate to severe intracranial pressure were given increased dosage of dehydrant, 42 of whom were found to have delayed hematoma and then received a second operation. Conclusion Dynamic monitoring of intracranial pressure after removal of intracranial hematoma can help to timely detect postoperative hematoma and guide dehydration.