Table of Content

  

10 May 2015
Volume 53 Issue 5

Immune-regulation of statins in atherosclerosis and opinions on its clinical applications

DUAN Ruisheng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  1-4.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.2.2015.001

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It has been demonstrated that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is characteristic of inflammation and immune responses, which includes innate and adaptive immune responses to oxidative lipoprotein. The immune cells in the atherosclerotic plaque include macrophages, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, NK cells, neurophils and mast cells. Statins have anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive roles and have been applied in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The statin benefit observed in the atherosclerosis is due to both lipid-lowing and anti-inflammatory effects. Hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), an inflammatory marker of atherosclerosis, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) are equally strong predictors of cardiovascular risk. Both LDL-C and hsCRP should be monitored in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

The inhibitory effect of baicalin on endothelial cell apoptosis induced by ox-LDL

YU Xin, LIU Xiaojing, LIU Xiangqun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  5-9.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.088

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Objective To explore the possible mechanism of baicalin on the apoptosis of endothelial cells in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Methods Endothelial cells were extracted from Wistar rats' thoracic aorta and divided into normal control group, baicalin treatment group, and ox-LDL treatment group. The control group was cultured with 10% FBS ECM, while the baicalin treatment group, and ox-LDL treatment group were cultured with different concentrations of baicalin and ox-LDL (10, 25, 50 μg/mL) respectively for 24 hours. The apoptosis of cells was determined with flow cytometry, and expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 mRNA were measured with RT-PCR. After that, cells were treated with baicalin plus ox-LDL(50 μg/mL) for 24 hours and the above indexes were measured. Results After baicalin treatment, Bcl-2 mRNA expression increased (P<0.01), while Caspase-3, Bax mRNA and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio decreased (all P<0.01). Baicalin significantly inhibited apoptosis of endothelial cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). Compared with the control group and ox-LDL group of the same concentration, cells treated with baicalin had markedly elevated expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA, Bax and Caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Compared with cells treated with ox-LDL, cells treated with baicalin plus ox-LDL had significantly reduced apoptosis rate (P<0.01). Conclusion Baicalin can prevent cell damage caused by ox-LDL by upregulating expression of Bcl-2 and downregulating expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax.

Effects of atorvastatin with intravascular ultrasound on atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits

TAN Bei, GUAN Yuqing, SUN Hui, HU Keqing, SU Guohai, WEI Min

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  10-14.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.271

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Objective To explore the effects of different doses of atorvastatin on atherosclerotic plaques in rabbit models with intravascular ultrasound. Methods A total of 30 New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into the control group (n=7), model group (n=7), low-dosage atorvastain group (n=8) and high-dosage atorvastain group (n=8). Except for the control group, the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and aortaventralis balloon-dilation injury was created to establish AS models. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed at the end of the 8^th week. After that, the model group continued to eat high-fat diet, while the two atorvastatin groups received 2-week extra atorvastatin intervention. At the end of the 10^th week, all rabbits were sacrificed. Venous blood was drawn to measure serum lipid, and the amount of inflammation mediator hs-CRP was quantified with ELISA. The abdominal aortae were detected with IVUS and then observed pathologically. Results At the end of study, serum lipid in the control group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the level of serum lipid and hs-CRP decreased significantly in two atorvastatin groups, which were more significant in high-dosage atorvastain group (P<0.01). Extra-elastic membranous area (EEMA), plaque area (PA), and lumen area stenosing (LAS%) in the model group were significantly higher than those in the two atorvastatin groups (P<0.05), with nosignificant difference in lumen area between the model group and the two atorvastatin groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Atorvastatin is able to control the level of serum lipid observably and reduce the plaque formation in atherosclerotic rabbit models.

Acute hyperglycemia exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 activity in rats

LI Minghua, WANG Jiali, XU Feng, YUAN Qiuhuan, LIU Baoshan, PANG Jiaojiao, ZHANG Yun, CHEN Yuguo

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  15-20.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.852

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Objective To investigate the activity changes and actions of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury exacerbated by acute hyperglycemia. Methods A total of 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operation (SHAM) group, normal saline control (CON) group, highblood glucose (HG) group, and HG with Alda-1 administration (HG+Alda-1) group, with 12 animals in each group. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded for 30 minutes followed by 1 hour reperfusion to establish myocardial ischemia-reperfusion rat models. Acute hyperglycemia rat models were established via jugular vein injection of 50% glucose (3 g/kg) during the ischemia period. Blood glucose levels were maintained at 20-28 mmol/L throughout the experiment by administration of glucose with trace pumping[4 mL/(kg·h)] during ischemia and reperfusion period. The rats in CON group and HG+Alda-1 group were given normal saline (6 mL/kg). The rats in HG+Alda-1 group were given Alda-1 (8.5 mg/kg) with trace pumping during ischemia and reperfusion. After reperfusion, ALDH2 activity of heart was detected with colorimetric method, changes of myocardial tissue morphology were observed with HE staining, myocardial infarction size was determined with TTC staining, and myocardial cell apoptosis was tested with TUNEL method. Results Blood glucose level was significantly increased in HG group compared with that of CON group [(23.4±0.21) vs (5.8±0.21)mmol/L, P<0.01]. Compared with CON group, the activity of ALDH2 in HG group was markedly decreased [(69.1±5.16)% vs (87.0±4.30)%, P<0.05]. Myocardial infarct size of HG group was remarkably increased compared with the CON group [(38.2±3.30)% vs (26.8±2.53)%, P<0.05]. Compared with HG group, myocardial infarct size of HG+Alda-1 group was notedly decreased [(27.8±2.50)% vs (38.2±3.30)%, P<0.05]. Myocardial apoptosis index of HG group was significantly higher than that of CON group [(16.1±0.83)% vs (13.1±0.39)%, P<0.05]. Compared with HG group, myocardial apoptosis of HG+Alda-1 group was significantly reduced [(13.6±0.51)% vs (16.1±0.83)%, P<0.05]. Conclusion Acute hyperglycemia significantly increases myocardial infarct size and myocardial apoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and reduced ALDH2 activity, while enhanced ALDH2 activity can markedly decrease myocardial infarct size and myocardial apoptosis during ischemia-reperfusion injury in acute hyperglycemia rats.

Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs in rat myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload

JIANG Lei, ZHANG Lei, LIANG Jiangjiu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  21-26.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.1002

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Objective To analyze the expressions of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in rat myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic banding and in healthy rat hearts. Methods Rat models with myocardial hypertrophy induced by abdominal aortic banding were established. After 4 weeks, the echocardiographic data, left ventricular mass index and the myocyte cross-section were tested. Expressions of ANF and β-MHC mRNA were determined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Differences of lncRNA expression profiles were inspected with lncRNA microarray and validated with qRT-PCR. Gene co-expression network was built with normalized signal intensity of specifically expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. Results We identified 6 969 lncRNAs, among which 80 were significantly up-regulated and 172 down-regulated. The expressions of lncRNA MRAK134201 and X89963 verified by qRT-PCR and microarray data were consistent. The network constructed from lncRNA XR_008680 was co-expressed with 111 coding mRNAs. Conclusion Long noncoding RNAs are differentially expressed in rat cardiac hypertrophy models, indicating that lncRNAs might play a role in the pathogenesis of myocardial hypertrophy.

Effect of blood glucose on expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNA in myocardial tissues of diabetic rats

HAN Yunfeng, XU Hua, LIU Qian, SUN Hanchen, XU Dandan, HOU Weikai, HUANG Qingxian

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  27-30.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.998

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Objective To evaluate the effect of blood glucose on expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNA in diabetic rats. Methods A total of 50 healthy SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=10, NC group), and diabetic model group (n=40, DM group). Of the 40 DM models, 36 were divided into 4 subgroups according to different levels of blood glucose: >16.7 mmol/L (A group), 14-16.7 mmol/L (B group), 10-14 mmol/L (C group), < 10 mmol/L (D group), with 9 animals in each group. Insulin glargine was injected into abdomen. Twelve weeks later, blood samples were collected to detect FBG and HbA1c. Myocardial tissues were collected to measure GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNA with PT-PCR. Results Compared with the NC group, GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNA expressions significantly reduced in all DM groups (P<0.05). After blood glucose level was controlled with insulinglargine, GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNA expressions slightly escalated in all DM groups in the following order: D > C > B > A (P<0.05). The GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNA expressions were negatively correlated with the level of glucose and HbA1c (P<0.05). Conclusion Chronic hyperglycemia down-regulates GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNA expressions. This may be a protection against chronic high blood glucose mediated by GLUT1 and GLUT4.

Changes of regulatory B cells in mice with viral myocarditis induced by Coxsackie virus

CEN Zhihong, GUO Yujie, WU Weifeng, LI Liping, ZHOU Qiuxi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  31-35.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.047

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Objective To observe the changes of regulatory B (Breg) cells in mice with viral myocarditis (VMC) induced by coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), and to explore the role of Breg cells in VMC mice. Methods Balb/c male mice were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Mice in the experimental group were intraperitoneally infected with CVB3 to establish VMC models, while mice in the control group were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intraperitoneally. According to the time after injection of CVB3 or PBS, all mice in the two groups were randomly divided into 1-week and 2-week subgroups. Myocardial histopathological scores were determined in hematoxylin eosin stained sections. Expression of CVB3 mRNA in heart was measured with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the frequency of splenic Breg subsets in CD19⁺ B cells was measured with flow cytometry. Results There were significant differences in the pathological scores and expression of myocardial CVB3 mRNA between the VMC mice and controls. The pathological scores of 1-week experimental subgroup were lower than those of 2-week experimental subgroup, while the expression of myocardial CVB3 mRNA in 1-week experimental subgroup was higher than that in 2-week experimental subgroup (all P<0.05). Compared with controls, the frequency of splenic Breg cells in the VMC mice increased significantly at different time points. Moreover, the frequency of splenic Breg cells in 1-week experimental subgroup was higher than that in the 2-week experimental subgroup (all P<0.05). Conclusion Breg cells increase in mice with CVB3-induced VMC, indicating that Breg cells mayplay an important role in the pathogenesis of CVB3-induced VMC.

Effects of CD40 knockdown by siRNA on rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis and IL-22 expression

ZHANG Rongjun, HAN Bo, GAO Ling, ZHU Mei, DING Guoyu, LIANG Yan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  36-40.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.929

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Objective To explore the effects of CD40 knockdown by siRNA on myocardial tissues, cTNT, BNP and IL-22 in rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM). Methods A total of 48 male Lewis rats aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into normal control group, EAM group, CD40 siRNA group and siRNA group, with 12 rats in each group. On day 21, 6 rats were sacrificed respectively in each group; on day 56, the remaining rats were killed. The histopathologic and ultrastructure changes were observed with light and electron microscope. The myocardial histopathologic scores were counted, and cTNT, BNP and IL-22 were tested with ELISA. Results On day 21 and 56, the total incidence rate of each group was 100% except the normal control group, and there was no statistical difference in survival rate and mortality rate in each group (P>0.05). Myocardial histopathological scores, serum levels of cTNT and BNP in CD40 siRNA group were significantly lower than those in EAM group (P<0.05), while the serum level of IL-22 was higher than that in EAM group (P<0.05), and the serum levels of cTNT and BNP were positively correlated with myocardial histopathological scores (r=0.732, r=0.869, P<0.05). Conclusion Silencing CD40 by siRNA can relieve inflammation in EAM, alleviate myocardial injury and improve heart function. The mechanism may involve the up-regulation of IL-22 expression and inhibition of immune response.

Role of Sirt3 on the senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells

LIU Hui, CHEN Tongshuai, LI Na, WANG Shujian, LI Jingyuan, BU Peili

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  41-45.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.152

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Objective To investigate the role of Sirtuin3(Sirt3) on the senescence of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs were cultured in vitro. Sirt3-siRNA was synthesized by reagent company. Sirt3-siRNA with the best inhibition efficiency was screened out with Western blotting assay. HUVECs were divided into negative control group and Sirt3-siRNA group. Western blotting assay was used to evaluate the protein expressions of Sirt3, P16 and P21. Senescence β-gal staining was used to identify the aging status of HUVECs. The intracellular ROS was detected with 2',7'-dichlorodi-hydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Results Compared with the negative control group, the Sirt3-siRNA group showed decreased protein expression of Sirt3 (P<0.05), increased positive rate of β-gal staining, elevated P16 and P21 expressions (P<0.05), and higher level of intracellular ROS. Conclusion Sirt3 can delay the senescence of HUVECs by regulating ROS generation.

Effect of turmeric volatile oil on the proliferation and apoptosis of human leukemia cell line THP-1

TU Yunhua, KANG Yingqian, ZHOU Ying, YE Zhenyuan, XUE Yuecui, DENG Renyuan, WANG Meizhu, CHEN Lan, CAO Yu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  46-51.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.731

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Objective To investigate the effect of turmeric volatile oil (TVO) on the apoptosis and proliferation of human leukemia cell line THP-1. Methods THP-1 Cells were incubated with different concentrations of TVO in vitro. The inhibition rate on cell proliferation was determined with methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The change of morphology was observed with inverted microscope after Giemsa's staining. Apoptosis was evaluated with DNA fragmentation and flow cytometry (FCM); cell cycle was analyzed with FCM. Caspase-3 activity was measured with a colorimetric method. Results TVO exhibited obvious inhibitive effect on the growth of THP-1 cells in a time-dose dependent manner. Meanwhile, TVO induced apoptosis of THP-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Typical morphology changes of apoptosis were presented. Caspase-3 activity was enhanced with high concentration of TVO. After TVO treatment, the number of cells decreased in G₁/M phase and S phase but increased in G1 phase. Conclusion Turmeric volatile oil exhibits marked proliferation-inhibitive and apoptosis-inducing effect on THP-1 cells. The possible mechanism is to arrest cell cycle in G₁ phase, and activate the key enzyme of apoptosis pathway.

Effect of sevflurane on the airway smooth muscle tension in the ovalbumin-sensitized hyperresponsiveness airways

ZHOU Jing, ZHANG Lijuan, DONG Youjing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  52-54.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.785

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Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane on the airway smooth muscle tension in a model of ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs with airway hyperresponsiveness. Methods Forty male guinea pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal group, sensitized group, sensitized control group, sensitized 2% sevoflurane group and sensitized 4% sevoflurane group, 8 in each group. The lung resisitance was recorded and the dose-response curves for acetylcholine of lung resistance were used to evaluate the sensitized airway model. The airway smooth muscle tension was measured to evaluate the brochodilator effect of sevoflurane. Results The dose-response curves for acetylcholine of lung resistance were elevated significantly in the sensitized group compared to the normal group. With an increase of carbacholine concentration, the airway smooth muscle tension were lower in sensitized 2% sevoflurane group and sensitized 4% sevoflurane group than those in sensitized control group. Conclusion The use of sevoflurane can decrease the airway smooth muscle tension of sensitized guinea pigs, which suggests that sevoflurane has a brochodilator effect in sensitized airways.

Effects of miR-17 on the senescence of human foreskin fibroblasts

CHEN Yan, LIU Juan, CHEN Hanxiang, ZHANG Weifang, ZHAO Weiming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  55-59.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.881

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Objective To study the effect of miR-17 on the senescence of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). Methods Recombinant lentivirus-expressed miR-17 infected HFF and miR-17 expression was examined with qRT-PCR. The proliferation and senescence of HFF were detected with CCK-8 and SA-β-Gal kit, respectively. Cell cycle profile was observed with flow cytometry. The protein levels of cyclin D1 and p21 were detected with Western blotting. Results HFF were successfully isolated. Compared with HFF-NC, the proliferation ability of HFF-miR-17 cells was obviously increased while the expression of SA-β-Gal in senescent cells decreased. S phase cells of HFF-miR-17 increased significantly and more HFF-NC cells arrested in the G₁ phase. Expression of cyclin D1 was significantly up-regulated in HFF-miR-17, while p21 expression was attenuated. Conclusion miR-17 promotes the proliferation and inhibits senescence of primary cells by upregulating cyclin D1 and downregulating p21 proteins.

Effects of microRNA-133 on end-stage myocardial fibrosis of dilated cardiomyopathy

WANG Yong, LI Quan, CHEN Shanliang, WANG Dong, YU Jianmin, LI Min, LIU Tianqi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  60-65.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.039

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Objective To investigate the effects of microRNA-133(miR-133) on myocardial fibrosis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Methods A total of 21 myocardial samples of DCM patients undergoing cardiac transplantation (DCM group) and 10 myocardial samples of brain-dead victims of accidental trauma who had no medical evidence of cardiac disease (control group) were collected. The degrees of myocardial fibrosis were observed with masson staining, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was determined with TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL). Human cardiac fibroblasts were cultured, and miR-133mimic(miR-133a mimic and miR-133b mimic) was transfected into the fibroblasts to investigate the effects of miR-133(miR-133a and miR-133b) on myocardial fibrosis. The mRNA expressions of BCL-2 and miR-133 were detected with RT-PCR, and the protein expression of BCL-2 was evaluated with Western blotting. Results In DCM group, severe myocardial fibrosis and myocardial cell apoptosis were observed, collagen volume fraction (CVF) was increased (left ventricle P<0.01; right ventricle P<0.01), myocardial apoptosis index was higher (left ventricle P<0.05; right ventricle P<0.05), and apoptosis-related protein BCL-2 was increased (P<0.05; right ventricle P<0.05). After miR-133a mimic and miR-133b mimic were transfected into human cardiac fibroblasts, the expression of miR-133a and miR-133b were elevated (P<0.01) and BCL-2 was decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion In myocardial tissues of DCM patients, miR-133 can attenuate the stimulation on cardiac fibroblasts induced by BCL-2, inhibit pathologic proliferation of myocardial fibroblasts, and reduce myocardial fibrosis of DCM.

Radiofrequency modified maze Ⅲ plus ganglionic plexus ablation vs radiofrequency modified maze Ⅲ alone in the treatment of atrial fibrillation with rheumatic mitral lesion

ZHANG Kai, LIANG Fei, HAN Bo, MA Xiaochun, ZHU Xiaolong, ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Tao, ZOU Chengwei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  66-70.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.479

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Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency modified maze Ⅲ (RFMM Ⅲ) plus ganglionic plexus (GP) ablation with RFMM Ⅲ alone in the treatment of atrial fibrillation with rheumatic mitral lesion. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed to analyze the clinical data of 200 patients who underwent RFMM Ⅲ plus GP ablation (n=100, GP group) or RFMM Ⅲ alone (n=100, solo group) in the treatment of atrial fibrillation with rheumatic mitral lesion. Results The sinus rhythm maintenance rate in the GP group was higher than that of the solo group 1, 6 and 12 months after operation (P=0.03, 0.02 and 0.03, respectively). The solo group showed a higher incidence of aggravating tricuspid regurgitation and more obvious left atria enlargement than the GP group 12 months after operation (P=0.03). Conclusion RFMM Ⅲ plus GP ablation, with higher sinus rhythm maintenancerate and lower recurrence rate, might be superior to RFMM Ⅲ alone in the treatment of atrial fibrillation with rheumatic mitral lesion, which might effectively improve tricuspid regurgitation in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement and be beneficial for their long-term prognosis.

Treatment of coronary heart diseases complicated with carotid arteriostenosis with coronary artery bypass grafting plus carotid endarterectomy

QU Qingxi, ZHAO Xin, SUN Wenyu, SONG Guangmin, MENG Xiangbin, BI Yanwen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  71-74.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.787

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Objective To summarize the clinic experiences of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in the treatment of carotid arteriostenosis and coronary heart diseases, and investigate the operation approaches and curative effects. Methods Clinical data of 22 patients with carotid arteriostenosis complicated with coronary artery diseases who underwent CEA and CABG during July 2008 and Nov 2013 in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were retrospectively reviewed. Results One patient who underwent double valve replacement due to renal failure died. No cerebral complications were found during the perioperative period. A total of 20 patients (95.2%, 20/21) were followed up for 12-76 months (mean 44.3±20.2 months). Angina occurred in 1 patient three years after operation, while other patients had no symptoms of angina, and their cardiac function were improved significantly. No stroke was found. Of the 16 patients who had severe brain ischemia, the symptoms were remarkably improved after the surgery. Carotid duplex ultrasound or carotid CTA results showed that carotid arteries were widened, and blood flow was smooth. There were statistical differences in blood flow velocity, diameter of vessels and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and after operation (P<0.05). Conclusion Concomitant CABG and CEA is safe and effective for patients with carotid arteriostenosis and coronary artery diseases.

Effects of ethyl pyruvate in the treatment of hyperkinetic pulmonary hypertension

TANG Mengmeng, JIN Nüwa, LIU Chuanzhen, LIU Kai, CAO Guangqing, WANG He, PANG Xinyan, WU Shuming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  75-80.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.107

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Objective To evaluate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on hyperkinetic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods Rat hyperkinetic PAH models were established by shunting common carotid artery and internal jugular vein. After that, 30 rat models were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 10 rats in each group: EP treatment group, control group, and shunt group. Another 10 rats were enrolled in the sham-operation group as negative controls. Rats in the EP treatment group were given intraperitoneal injection of EP [50 mg/(kg·d)] for 30 days, and rats in the control group were injected with the same volume of normal saline. The systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP) was measured after that and then the right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI) was calculated after the heart was removed. The percentage of diameter thickness (WT%) and wall area (WA%) were calculated in lung tissues stained with HE. The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum were measured with ELISA and expression of NF-κB p65 in lung tissues was detected with Western blotting. Results Compared with shunt group, EP treatment group had significantly decreased SPAP, RVHI, WT%, WA%, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum, and expression of NF-κB p65 in lung tissues. Conclusion EP could ameliorate PAH and inhibit the remodeling of pulmonary blood vessels in hyperkinetic PAH rats by reducing the expression of NF-κB p65, synthesis and release of cytokines (TNF-α, IL- 6, etc.) and alleviate inflammation reaction.

A clinic research of amitriptyline in treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy

SUN Zhuohao, LIU Yan, ZHOU Dongmei, LI Wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  81-84.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.948

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Objective To observe the clinical effect of amitriptyline on the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN). Methods A total of 104 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were randomly divided into the case group (n=52) and control group (n=52). The case group was treated with amitriptyline, mecobalamine and epalrestat; while the control group was just treated with mecobalamine and epalrestat. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Nerve conduction velocity, visual analogue scale (VAS) of the two groups were compared before and after the treatment. Results Compared with the control group, the nerve conduction velocity of the case group was faster and VAS decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of using amitriptyline in treatment of PDPN is better.

Distribution pattern of cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy middle-aged or elderly people: a breath holding functional magnetic resonance imaging study

ZHANG Yang, LI Wanhu, SONG Weiyang, LIU Chunlei, ZHANG Quan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  85-88.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.759

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Objective To assess the distribution pattern of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in healthy middle-aged or elderly people by using breath holding functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods Twenty-five middle-aged or elderly people were recruited and performed an fMRI with a breath holding task. Statistical parametric mapping 8 (SPM8) was applied in data processing to analyze the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal changes induced by breath holding. Differences in signal changes during breath holding were detected among the cortical territory supplied by the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery and basal ganglia regions. Results Increased BOLD signal induced by breath holding widely distributed in gray matter cortices and subcortical gray matter nuclei. The lowest percentage of BOLD signal change (PSC) was detected in the basal ganglia regions (P<0.001), and the posterior cerebral artery regions showed the highest PSC (P<0.05). Conclusion Breath holding fMRI is a convenient and reliable method for CVR assessing. Among healthy middle-aged or elderly people, the basal ganglia regions shows the lowest CVR while the PCA territory the highest.

Effects of group psychological intervention on the physiological and psychological state of elderly patients with diabetes

YU Huihui, LEI Zhen, LU Cuiyan, JIANG Hong, WANG Shukang, PAN Fang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(5):  89-94.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.568

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Objective To explore the effects of group psychological intervention on physiological and psychological state of elderly patients with diabetes. Methods A total of 71 elderly patients with diabetes living in one community were randomly divided into the intervention group and control group. The intervention group received 5 sessions of group psychological intervention, while the control group had no intervention. All patients were assessed with rating scales including the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), Geratric Depression Scale (GDS), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) and Type D personality scale (DS). Fasting blood-glucose (FBG) and saliva cortisol (SC) before and after intervention were detected. All patients were retested with mental rating scales 6 months after intervention. Results After intervention, the scores of GDS, GAI, negative affectivity (NA) and SC level were significantly lower, while SSRS score was higher than that of the control group. Immediately after intervention, the scores of GAI, GDS and two dimensions of DS decreased and the SSRS score increased. Furthermore, the decreased negative emotions and increased social support of the intervention group persisted after 6 months. The level of blood glucose was positively related with DS score, and SC level was significantly positively correlated to GAI but negatively to SSRS score. Conclusion Group psychological intervention can improve the mental and physiological status of elderly diabetic patients, and the improved state can maintain at least six months.