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Table of Content

      
    10 April 2012
    Volume 50 Issue 4
    Articles
    Change of soluble P-selectin and soluble CD40L levels in
    patients with different glucose metabolisms
    WANG Jing1, KANG Le1, ZHONG Xiao-qian2, ZHANG Na3, REN Jian-min1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  1. 
    Abstract ( 909 )   PDF (1051KB) ( 494 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the levels of platelet activation indexes including soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) and soluble CD40L (sCD40L) in subjects with different glucose metabolisms, and analyze the influencing factors for further study. Methods   The study enrolled pre-diabetic, T2DM patients and normal controls (NC) with 30 subjects in each group. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels were measured. Soluble P-selectin and soluble CD40L in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Moreover, HOMA-IR of insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis models. Results   The sCD40L and sP-selectin levels in pre-diabetes and T2DM groups were significant higher compared with those of the NC group (P<0.05). The sP-selectin level was positively correlated with FPG, TG, TC, LDL-C and HOMA-IR (P<0.05), in addition, its correlation with TG and FPG was especially higher (P<0.01).But it was negatively correlated with HDL-C (P<0.05). Furthermore, the sCD40L level was positively correlated with FPG, BMI, and HbA1c (P<0.05). However, it was not associated with TG, TC and HOMA-IR (P>0.05). Conclusions   The sCD40L and sP-selectin levels significantly increase in pre-diabetic and diabetic subjects, which suggests platelet activation has occurred during the pre-diabetic stage.

    Effects of Tanggankang Recipe on the serum leptin level and
    diabetic patients with fatty liver
    LI Hong-zhuan1, QIAN Qiu-hai2, QIAN Wei-bin2, WU Wen-guang2, GUO Chun-fang2, CAI Xin-rui2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  10. 
    Abstract ( 813 )   PDF (938KB) ( 367 )   Save
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    Objective   To observe the therapeutic effect of Tanggankang Recipe on diabetic patients with fatty liver and its effect on the serum leptin level. Methods   112 diabetic patients with fatty liver were randomly divided into the treatment group (57 patients) and the control group (55 patients). Patients in the treatment group were treated with Tanggankang Recipe. Patients in the control group were given Jiangtangjia Tablets and Inosine Tablets. All the patients were followed for 8 weeks to assess the parameters of fasting and postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, blood lipid, insulin sensitivity, liver B-ultrasound and the serum leptin level. Results   Tanggankang Recipe significantly reduced the blood glucose and blood lipid levels, and improved the B ultrasonic images and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients with fatty liver. It also could apparently and safely regulate the serum leptin level. Conclusion   Tanggankang Recipe is effective in the treatment of diabetic patients with fatty liver, and the mechanism is closely correlated with the regulation of blood glucose metabolism, blood lipid metabolism and leptin levels.

    Correlation between fasting serum ghrelin level and body composition in
    patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    PAN Rong-fang1, GAO Yan-yan1, YANG Qing2, SUN Rui-xia1, CAO Cai-xia1, L Wen-shan1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  15-18. 
    Abstract ( 937 )   PDF (937KB) ( 462 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the relationship between fasting serum ghrelin level, body composition, abdominal fat distribution and leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods   40 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 35 controls were measured for waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, serum lipids, leptin, insulin, ghrelin and HOMA-IR. The body composition and the abdominal fat distribution were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and spiral CT. Correlation was analyzed between ghrelin levels and other indexes. Results   Fasting serum ghrelin levels of the T2DM patients were lower than those of the controls (P<0.01). In the T2DM patients the serum ghrelin levels were positively associated with the leptin levels(r=0.431, P<0.05), and negatively associated with abdominal visceral fat volume(r=-0.782, P<0.01). But there was no relationship between total fat mass and the ghrelin level. Serum ghrelins of female patients were higher than those of male patients(P=0.011). Conclusion   In TDM patients fasting serum ghrelin level was negatively correlated with abdominal visceral fat volume, which suggests that the reduction of the ghrelin level may be associated with abdominal obesity and T2DM.

    Analysis of anthropometric cut points for screening diabetes mellitus
    among residents aged 1869 in Shandong Province
    CHEN Xi1, GUO Xiao-lei2, MA Ji-xiang3, TANG Jun-li2, LU Zi-long2, ZHANG Ji-yu2, ZHANG Gao-hui1, XU Ai-qiang1,2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  19-23. 
    Abstract ( 1098 )   PDF (1340KB) ( 468 )   Save
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    Objective   To explore the value and the optimal cut points of the anthropometric indexes to screen diabetes mellitus(DM), and to provide scientific evidence for DM screening and health education of the risk population in Shandong Province. Methods   Using the multistage stratified cluster random sampling method, 15,350 residents aged 16 to 69 in Shandong Province were screened for DM defined by WHO criteria of 1999, and physically examined on height, weight, WC and hip circumference. The curves of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to calculate the area under the curve (AUC), the sensitivity, the specificity and Youden indexes. Optimal cut points were determined by the maximum of Youden indexes. Optimal cut points and adjacent points were computed by consistency analysis. Results   794 cases were found with DM, and the prevalence was 4.59%. The anthropometric indexes and DM prevalence rates increased with age, and this trend was particularly obvious in females. The AUCs for both males and females had significant meaning (P<0.001). The AUC of WHR was the maximum, and had significant difference compared with BMI (P<0.05). But there were no significant differences in AUCs between the males and females(P>0.05). The cut points of BMI, WC and WHR for men were 25kg/m2, 91cm and 0.92 respectively. The cut points of BMI, WC and WHR for women were 25kg/m2, 83cm and 0.87 respectively, and they had the best consistency for screening DM. Conclusion   BMI, WC and WHR are effective indicators for DM screening, and have good consistency. The optimal cut points can be used for screening DM and defining the risk population of DM in Shandong Province.

    Construction of the recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N1-ZIP2 and
    its effect on expression of other zinc transporters in
     human T lymphocyte and monocyte cell lines
    JIANG Ya-li1, TAO Yan-ting1, HU Xiao-yan1, XU Chun-xiao2, ZHANG Lian-ying1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  24-28. 
    Abstract ( 1248 )   PDF (2216KB) ( 380 )   Save
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    Objective   To construct the pEGFP-N1-ZIP2 expression vector, observe its expression in the human T lymphocyte cell line Jurkat-E6-1 and human mononuclear cell line THP1, and detect whether expression of other zinc transporters changed when ZIP2 is over-expressed. Methods   The target cDNA sequence of ZIP2 was obtained from human blood by RT-PCR. The target cDNA segment was ligated into eukaryote plasmid pEGFP-N1. The plasmids were checked by double restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis. Jurkat-E6-1 and THP-1 cell lines were transiently transfected for 48h, and expressions of ZIP2, ZIP1, ZIP6, ZIP8, ZIP10, ZnT1 and ZnT5 were detected by RT-PCR. Results   Identification of pEGFP-N1-ZIP2 by double enzyme digestion and DNA sequence analysis showed that the length and direction of the target gene inserted into the recombinant plasmid were correct. After transfection of pEGFP-N1-ZIP2, ZIP2 over-expression was found in Jurkat-E6-1 and THP-1 cell lines. Expression of ZnT1 was significantly reduced in the transfected Jurkat-E6-1. However, on change was found in other zinc transporters in the transfected THP-1. Conclusion   The eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-N1-ZIP2 was successfully constructed. Jurkat and THP-1 cell lines were transfected with the plasmids. ZIP2 was upregulated and ZnT1 was down-regulated in transfected Jurkat-E6-1, while no changes of other zinc transporter genes were found in transfected THP-1. Over-expression of ZIP2 has different effects on other zinc transporter genes in Jurkat-E6-1 and THP-1 cell lines.

    Effect of rosuvastatin on the structural remodeling of
    atrium in rabbits with myocardial infarction
    WANG Wei-jie, ZHANG Yu-jiao, GAO Mei, WANG Jiang-rong, HOU Ying-long
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  29-32. 
    Abstract ( 1038 )   PDF (2139KB) ( 435 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the effect of rosuvastatin on the structural remodeling of atrium in rabbits with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods   The MI model was established by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery in rabbits. Twenty-four hours after the procedure,the surviving rabbits were randomly divided into the MI group (MI, n=7), the low-dose rosuvastatin group[Rs, 2.5mg/(kg·d), n=7] and the high-dose rosuvastatin group[Rl, 5mg/(kg·d), n=8]. Additionally, sham-operated group was established (S, n=8). Eight weeks after administration of rosuvastatin, all animals were examined by echocardiography and then put to death. The structural change and the distribution of collagen fibers in the atrium were observed. The content of collagen and expression of  collagen I in the atrium were measured. Results   After 8 weeks, the left atrial diameter (LAD) of the MI group(11.22±1.51)mm was significantly increased, compared with the S group(8.12±1.11)mm, the Rs group (9.85±1.60)mm and the Rl group (9.28±0.99) mm (all P<0.05). The content of collagen (29.79±5.50)mg/L in the MI group was also more significantly increased than that in the S group (21.32±3.46)mg/L, the Rs group (25.15±3.59)mg/L and the Rl group (24.59±3.58)mg/L (all P<0.05). Expression of collagen I in the left atrium in the MI group was more significantly enhanced, compared with the S, Rs and Rl groups(P<0.05). In the MI group, the ejection fraction of left ventricular(EF) (0.36±0.11) was significantly lower than those in the S group (0.71±0.10), Rs(0.64±0.10) and Rl group (0.62±0.09). There were no significant differences in the LAD, the content of collagen and expression of collagen I between the Rs group and the Rl group (all P>0.05). Conclusion   Rosuvastatin can improve the structural remodeling of the atrium after myocardial infraction.

    Effect of down-regulating SnoN gene expression on proliferation
    and apoptosis of HepG2 cells
    WANG Kun-hong1, WANG Wen-qi2, XIANG Yu-fen1, WANG Yi-guo2, LIU Chang-hong2, LI Shuang-ling2, CAO Li-li3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  33-37. 
    Abstract ( 867 )   PDF (1991KB) ( 357 )   Save
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    Objective   To explore the biological influence of small interfering RNA(siRNA) down-regulating SnoN gene expression on biological function of human HepG2 cells, such as proliferation and apoptosis. Methods   Three siRNAs targeting SnoN were designed and synthesized. The siRNAs were transiently transfected into HepG2 cells by cationic liposomes, and then the inhibition effect was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The SnoN-siRNA with the most powerful inhibition was selected. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was examined by CCK-8, and the apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry. Results   All three siRNAs efficiently inhibited expression of the SnoN gene, and the siRNA-C had the highest inhibition ratio. The proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited(P<0.05) and the apoptosis increased(P<0.05) after SnoN was down-regulated. Conclusion   SnoN specific siRNA can effectively inhibit expression of SnoN in human HepG2 cells, and induce growth inhibition and apoptosis.

    Clinical significance of HMGB1 expression in
    hepatocellular carcinoma cells
    WANG Xu, CHENG Bao-quan, LIANG Xu-yang, JIA Jun-ying, LI Qian-qian
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  38-41. 
    Abstract ( 921 )   PDF (1045KB) ( 563 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate expression of high mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Methods   PCR and Western blot were used to study HMGB1 gene expression at the mRNA and protein levels in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (LM3 and HEPG2). A normal cell line (LO2) was used as a control. Results   Expression levels of the HMGB1 gene (mRNA and protein) were much higher in hepatocellular carcinoma cells LM3 and HEPG2 than in LO2 (P<0.05). Moreover, HMGB1 expression was also higher in the highly metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma LM3 cells than in the less metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma HEPG2 cells(P<0.05).  Conclusion   High expression of HMGB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells suggests that it may play an important role in the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Brain-derived neurotrophic factor influences contractile activity in
    the isolated ileum and colon of mice
    CHEN Fei-xue, YU Yan-bo, WANG Peng, ZUO Xiu-li, LI Yan-qing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  42-46. 
    Abstract ( 1011 )   Save
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    Objective   To elucidate the direct effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on contraction of mice intestinal muscle strips and to investigate whether the effect of BDNF on intestinal contraction is mediated through the tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB)- phospholipase C (PLC)/ inositol triphosphate (IP3) pathway. Methods   Longitudinal muscle (LM) strips of ileum, proximal colon and distal colon from C57bl/6 mice were prepared. The contraction of LM was recorded with a tension transducer. To investigate the contractile effect of BDNF on LM strips, two different doses of BDNF(1×10-8 and 1×10-7mol/L) were added to the muscle strips. To investigate the effects of antagonists of the TrkB-PLC/IP3 signal pathway on the contraction of muscle strips induced by BDNF, LM strips were pretreated with TrkB (1×10-8mol/L), neomycin (1×10-5mol/L) and heparin (1×10-5mol/L) before administration of BDNF. Results   BDNF excited the contraction of LM from the ileum, proximal colon and distal colon of mice (P<0.05). Pretreatment with TrkB (1×10-8mol/L), neomycin (1×10-5mol/L) and heparin (1×10-5mol/L) dramatically attenuated the excitatory effect of BDNF (1×10-7mol/L) on the contraction of LM strips (P<0.05). Conclusion   BDNF excites the contraction of mice intestinal muscle strips, and the antagonists of the TrkB-PLC/IP3 signal pathway attenuate the excitatory effect of BDNF, which highlights the important role of BDNF and the TrkB-PLC/IP3 signal pathway in promoting the gut motility.

    Effects of raloxifene on proliferation and seladin-1
    gene expression in GH3 cells
    LI Yan-bin, TENG Liang-zhu, WU Hong-xi, ZHANG Yong-chao, XIN Tao, ZHENG Zhi-ming, ZHANG Zhen
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  47-50. 
    Abstract ( 887 )   Save
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     Objective   To explore the effects of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor antagonist, on proliferation and seladin-1 gene expression  in rat GHsecreting(GH3)cells. Methods   48h after raloxifene was added in a series of concentrations(0.1~1000nmol/L)to GH3 cells, the expression level of the seladin-1 gene was examined by quantitative real time RT-PCR and Western blot , and cell proliferation was investigated using the Cell Counting Kit-8. Results   With quantitative real time RT-PCR and Western blot, it was found that, with the drug within the 10-100nmol/L range, seladin-1 expression was significantly down-regulated  and cell proliferation was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion   Raloxifene suppresses  seladin-1 expression and  GH3 cell proliferation and, hence, it holds the promise  of being used in treating pituitary adenoma. The seladin-1 gene may be a new target for gene therapy.

    Application of 1H-MRS in detecting early
    radiotherapy response in glioma 
    SUN Shan-shan1, LIU Hong1, DONG Wen-yan1, JIANG Zheng2, WANG Jian-bo1, TAN Bing-xu1, WANG Qing-wei1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  51-55. 
    Abstract ( 1099 )   Save
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    Objective   To observe the 1H-MRS of C6 glioma models before and after radiotherapy, and to discuss its effect in detecting early response in oncotherapy. Methods   C6 glioma models of SD rats(treated group, n=10; untreated group, n=12)were applied and a single dose of 15Gy was given to the treated group 9 days after tumor implantation. After tumor implantation, 1H-MRS was used to detect changes in tumor metabolism, such as N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NAA), Choline (Cho) and Lactic acid (Lac). MRI was used to detect changes of tumor volume. Changes of metabolism and volume in the two groups were observed and correlation analysis was done for indices changes and tumor size changes of the two groups. Results   Rate of tumor formation was 100% in all rats. In the untreated group (n=12), Cho and Lac showed an ascendant trend and NAA gradually decreased with tumor growth. Changes of tumor metabolites and tumor volume had significant correlations (Cho: r=0.958, P<0.001;Lac: r=0.989, P<0.001;NAA: r=-0.943, P<0.001). In the treated group(n=10), Cho decreased from 3.37mmol/kg to 2.0mmol/kg(P<0.01) 1 day after radiation, Lac decreased from 2.34mmol/kg to 1.59mmol/kg(P<0.01) 3 days after radiation and there was no significant change in NAA(P>0.05). Tumor volume increased 31.4%(P<0.01) at 3rd day and began to shrink at 5th day after radiation, and then tumor growth inhibition appeared , the metabolic indices continued to fall and there was a correlation trend between tumor volume changes and metabolic indices (Cho: r=0.696, P=0.304; Lac: r=0.911, P<0.089;NAA: r=-0.583, P<0.417). Before volume changes detected by MRI began, inhibitive changes in metabolites detected by 1H-MRS had already happened. Conclusion   1H-MRS can detect metabolism changes of glioma such as NAA, Cho and Lac before and after noninvasive radiotherapy. It is more sensitive in monitoring early response to radiation than MRI and is an effective method in determining the short-term effect of treatments.

    Protective effect of resveratrol on Aβ25-35-induced PC12 cell injury
    FENG Xiao-wen, GAO Qing, DONG Hai-man, PENG Lei, YUE Qing-wei, ZHANG Jing, BAO Li-hua, LI Gui-bao, SUN Jin-hao, GAO Ying-mao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  56-60. 
    Abstract ( 1208 )   Save
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    Objective   To explore the protective effect of resveratrol on Aβ25-35-induced injury in PC12 cells. Methods   PC12 cells were treated with Aβ25-35 of different concentrations to establish the Alzheimer’s disease models. Resveratrol of different concentrations were added into culture medium to detect the protection. The changes of cell morphology and neurite outgrowth were observed under a microscope. Cell activity was identified by MTT analysis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was identified by ELIASA. Cell apoptosis was detected by Giemsa staining and annexinV-FITC/PI double staining flow cytometry. Results   PC12 cells treated with Aβ25-35 suffered axonal degeneration in the distal end of the axons at 24h. The axons were disrupted at 48h. The protection group with the pre-incubation of resveratrol significantly delayed axonal injury. The axons remained relatively good structures at 24h, and the axons only suffered minor fractures at 48h. The axon length and D(λ)value of the protection group were significantly larger than those of the injury group(P<0.01). The apoptosis and LDH activity of the protection group were significantly lower than those of the injury group (P<0.01). Conclusion   Resveratrol plays an important role in protecting Aβ25-35-induced injury in PC12 cells.

    Effects of ischemic preconditioning on expression of VEGF,GLUT1 and
    BAI1 in focal cerebral infarction rats
    HAN Ju1, CHEN Jian-Xin1, ZHU Mei-Jia1, ZHANG Xin-Juan2, YAN Chuan-Zhu3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  61. 
    Abstract ( 1024 )   Save
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     Objective   To study the effects of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on expression of VEGF,GLUT1 and BAI1, and to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of ischemic preconditioning in focal cerebral infarction rats. Methods   Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was done for 15 min to induce IP, and a permanent MCAO model was established at 48 h after ischemic reperfusion. Nerve function score, brain water content, pathological changes in cerebral tissue, and expressions of VEGF, GLUT1 and BAI1 were studied. Results   IP significantly alleviated neurological and histological injury after PMCAO. Immunohistochemical examination and ELISA revealed higher expression of VEGF and GLUT1 and lower expression of BAI1 in the experimental group than in the control group, with BAI1 negatively correlated with VEGF. Conclusion   IP induced brain ischemic tolerance and provided significant protection to the brain following PMCAO. This protection is probably achieved through IP-triguedmicrocirculation enhancement and energy supply.

    Influences of lymphostatic encephalopathy on the ultrastructure
    and heart rate variability in rats
    ZHENG Dong-yan1, PAN Yan1, LIU Shang-ming2, WANG Li-yan2, MENG Yan1, XU Hong-yan3, LI Hongyu4, WEI Shu-yi1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  66. 
    Abstract ( 969 )   PDF (3671KB) ( 389 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the influences of lymphostatic encephalopathy(LE) on the  autonomic nervous system. Methods   The model of LE was established by occluding lymphatic vessels and removing both shallow and deep cervical lymph nodes in Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into the shamoperation(SHAM) group and the LE group, 40 rats in each group. The electrocardiogram (ECG) (lead II) of rats was synchronously recorded by the PowerLab system on postoperative days 1, 7, 14 and 21. Heart rate variability (HRV) was analyzed with ECG signals. Brain morphology of the rostral ventrolateral medullas (RVLM) was observed by a light microscope and an electron microscope. eNOS protein expression in RVLM was determined by Western blot. Results   Compared with the SHAM group, HRV was significantly increased, while HR was reduced(P<0.05). The vagus nerve modulation was enhanced, necrosis of neurons appeared in RVLM, permeability of capillaries was increased, and brain tissue edema occurred.  Ultrastructural observation showed neuronal apoptosis and myelin sheath disintegration. Protein expression of eNOS was significantly decreased. Conclusion   LE induces injury to the cerebral tissue and autonomic nervous regulation, and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of eNOS expression.

    Expressions of hypothalamic KISS-1 and G protein-couple receptor
    54 genes in female rats with precocious puberty
    GE Wei1, WANG Hai-lian2, XUE Jiang2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  71. 
    Abstract ( 1137 )   PDF (1339KB) ( 409 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate expressions of hypothalamic KISS-1 and G protein-couple receptor 54 (GPR54) genes in female rats with precocious puberty and their effects on development of precocious puberty. Methods   Fifty 26-day-old female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, the first experimental group, the second experimental group, the first control group, the second control group, and the third control group. Experimental groups received a subcutaneous injection of N-methyl-DL-aspartate acid (NMA) twice a day until vaginal opening (VO) occurred, while control groups received normal saline. Parameters of puberty were analyzed, including the day of VO, estrous cycle of the rat, index of the ovary, index of the uterus, incidence of the corpora lutea, thickness of the uterus and serum luteinizing hormone(LH). Expressions of hypothalamic KISS1 and GPR54 genes in the five groups were detected by Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR). Results   The age of VO and first diestrus in experimental groups were earlier than in control groups(P<0.05). All parameters of puberty gradually increased with the development of puberty(P<0.05). In the same puberty developmental stage, parameters in experimental groups were not different from those in control groups (P>0.05). Conclusion   Expressions of KISS-1 and GPR54 genes are associated with developmental stages of puberty, indicating that KISS-1 and GPR54 genes may play important roles in onset and development of true precocious puberty.

    p38 MAPK mediates production of CCL27 by calcitonin
    gene-related peptide-stimulated HaCaT cells
    ZHANG You-can1,2, GUO Hui2, REN Xiao-hong2, LIU Guang-guo2, SHAO Luo-lin2, LI Chun-yang1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  76. 
    Abstract ( 1082 )   PDF (1034KB) ( 396 )   Save
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    Objective   To examine whether calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) can induce the production of chemotactic cytokines ligand 27(CCL27) by the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT, and to identify the mechanism of the signal pathway involved in the effect of CGRP. Methods   Expression of CCL27 mRNA in CGRP-stimulated cultural HaCaT cells was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR( RT-PCR). The concentration of CCL27 in the supernatants was measured by the ELISA method. Protein expression levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK (p-p38 MAPK) were detected by Western blotting. Results   Incubation with CGRP increased not only mRNA expressions and protein levels of CCL27 in supernatants, but also  expression of p-p38 MAPK. Pretreatment with SB203580 and CGRP8-37 decreased CGRP-induced expression of p-p38 MAPK and the CCL27 mRNA level. SB203580 and CGRP8-37 decreased the concentration of CCL27 in supernatants. Conclusion   CGRP can induce CCL27 secretion of HaCaT cells through p38 MAPK phosphorylation.

    Different biomechanical properties of rabbit corneas after cross-linking
    between the epithelium and de-epithelium groups
    YU Hai-qun1, ZHANG Yong1, TAO Xiang-chen1, DANG Hui2, LI Zhi-wei1, WANG Xiao-jun3, MU Guo-ying1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  80. 
    Abstract ( 939 )   PDF (1045KB) ( 357 )   Save
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     Objective   Riboflavin / ultraviolet-A induced cross-linking can markedly improve the biomechanical parameters of the cornea. We studied the biomechanical properties of rabbit corneas with epithelium after cross-linking, and made a comparison with the traditional method which removes the epithelium during cross-linking. Methods   Sixty eyes of 30 rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: one eye of each rabbit served as the control group and the other as the experimental group. In the experimental group, the cornea was cross-linked either with intact epithelium or with epithelium removed. All rabbits were immediately sacrificed after irradiation, followed by harvesting corneal strips for biomechanical evaluation. Results   After cross-linking, corneal thickness was thicker in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05), however there was no difference between the two experimental groups(P=0.098). The maximum stress of the corneal strips without epithelium were obviously higher than the control group (P<0.05), but there was no difference between the two experimental groups (P=0.058). Considering the Young′s modulus E, the value was higher in the deepithelium group than in the group with epithelium, and higher than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions   Riboflavin/ultraviolet-A induced cross-linking can enhance the maximal stress and biomechanical stiffness of the cornea, and the effect is greater in the de-epithelium group than in the group with epithelium.

    TAFI levels in patients with chronic liver diseases:
    correlation with chronic hepatic damage
    WANG Sheng-jiang1, XU Cheng-wei2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  83. 
    Abstract ( 1193 )   PDF (1336KB) ( 782 )   Save
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    Objective   To study the correlation between thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) levels and different types of chronic hepatic damage in patients with chronic hepatic diseases. Methods   Blood samples were collected from 84 patients with chronic hepatic diseases (“Patient Group”) and 52 healthy individuals (“Control Group”).  Plasma levels of TAFI: A, plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI-1)and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)were measured using a chromogenic substrate method and ELISA. Results   Compared with the Control Group, the Patient Group had significantly low TAFI levels (P<0.05), high PAI-1 levels (P<0.05), and high t-PA levels(P<0.05, except for the patients with primary biliary cirrhosis). Conclusion   In patients with chronic hepatic diseases, the  diminished plasma TAFI levels can ramp up fibrinolysis. This is an indicator of bleeding tendency.

    HGC-1 expression in relation with clinicopathological
    features and prognosis of gastric cancer
    CHEN Zong-ying
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  87. 
    Abstract ( 933 )   PDF (1533KB) ( 497 )   Save
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    Objective   To study the expression of HGC-1 in gastric cancer and its relation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods   HGC-1 mRNA expression was examined in 30 cases of gastric cancer and  corresponding para-cancerous tissues by real-time polymerase chain reaction. HGC-1 protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry, covering 89 samples of primary gastric cancer and corresponding para-cancerous tissues, along with 20 intestinal metaplasia tissues. Results   HGC-1 mRNA was up-regulated more than 2-fold in 73.3% patients with gastric cancer.  HGC-1 protein was up-regulated in gastric cancer, correlating with the differentiation status of gastric carcinoma and index. Immnoreactivity of HGC-1 was significantly higher in gastric cancer and intestinal metaplasia tissues than in normal mucosa. Patients positive for HGC-1 had higher overall survival rates (OS) than those negative for HGC-1. HGC-1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P<0.01).  Conclusion    HGC-1 may play an important role in gastric cancer tumorigenesis and could be used as an  indicator for diagnosis and prognosis in gastric cancer.

    Study of the relationship between ER, PR, C-erB-2 and
    bone metastasis of  lung adenocacinoma
    LIU Hai-rong1, YU Jin-ming2, LI Yan1, LIANG Jing1, LIU Xiao-lin1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  91. 
    Abstract ( 936 )   PDF (1640KB) ( 288 )   Save
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    Objective   To find the relationship between ER, PR, C-erB-2 and bone metastasis of lung adenocacinoma, and to analz bone metastasis time and survival time of lung adenocacinoma patients by way of multiple factors correlation analysis. Methods   Expression levels of ER, PR, and C-erB-2 in 96 lung adenocacinoma patients were investigated by immunohistochemistry(IHC). Result   The level of ER,  PR, and C-erB-2 had no difference between the bone metastasis group and the no bone metastasis group(P=0.34,  0.60,  0.26), but once they expressed, the level were higher in the bone metastasis group, most were ++ or +++. The earlier the T and N stage were, the longer the bone metastasis time and the OS were. Expression of ER and C-erB-2 had a relationship with the time of bone metastasis appearance and the OS (P<0.05). Conclusions   ER,  PR, and C-erB-2 have no relationship with bone metastasis of lung adenocacinoma;  while ER and C-erB-2 have a close relationship with the time of bone metastasis appearance OS of lung adenocacinoma.

    Strategetic treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysm:
    analysis of 111 cases 
    DING Xuan1, WANG Zhi-gang1, LI Xin-gang2, WANG Cheng-wei1, WANG Yi-hua1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  96. 
    Abstract ( 1086 )   PDF (1735KB) ( 473 )   Save
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    Objective   To discuss the choice and effectiveness of treatment of middle cerebral artery aneurysms(MCAA). Methods   111 patients with a total of 114 MCAA from January 2005 to July 2011 who underwent surgical clipping and endovascular interventional therapy were retrospectively analyzed. Factors analyzed included the pre-operation grading, the aneurysm size and location, and the clinical outcomes. Results   The angiographic  follow-up of the surgical clipping group (88 patients with a total of 90 aneurysms) 15 days to 48 months (mean 12.7 months)after the operation showed that 89 aneurysms were completely clipped and the residual neck appeared in only 1 aneurysm. There was no angiographic recurrence in any the aneurysms. In the endovascular treatment group (23 patients with a total of 24 aneurysms), 7 ruptured aneurysms were treated with stent-assistance, 3 with balloonassistance, and 12 with coil only. The angiographic follow-up of the 17 aneurysms 1 month to 37 months (mean 10.6 months)after the operation showed that 5 recurred(29.4%). 2 un-ruptured dissecting aneurysms were treated with stent only. The angiographic follow-up 3 months after the operation showed that 1 aneurysm was completely occluded and the other stayed the same. Good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score = 4-5) occurred in 81.8% (72 patients) in the clipping group and 91.3% (21 patients) in the endovascular treatment group. Conclusion   “Berrylike” MCAA is suitable for both surgical clipping and endovascular treatment. Lower recurrence was associated with surgical clipping in the complex MCAA, but higher recurrence was associated with endovascular treatment. Surgical clipping should be considered in MCAA with hematoma(volume of hematoma>30mL)and the hematoma should be cleared. Both endovascular treatment and surgical clipping can effectively prevent MCAA rebleeding.

    Applications of CT spectral imaging and MRI in Achilles tendon rupture
    LI Wei, WANG Xin-yi, LI Ai-yin, DENG Kai, ZHANG Cheng-qi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  101-105. 
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    Objective   To investigate the imaging features of CT spectral imaging and MRI in Achilles tendon rupture, and to compare the application value of the two methods. Methods   CT spectral imaging and MRI were both performed in 35 cases with pain and limitation of motion in the Achilles tendon. 30 cases with rupture of the Achilles tendon were confirmed by operation and the patients were divided into complete rupture, incomplete rupture and chronic limitations rupture. Imaging features of the CT spectral imaging and MRI were independently compared and analyzed on the basis of shape, continuity, density, and signal changes of the Achilles tendon by two image experts. The CT spectral imaging and MRI images of the Achilles tendon were compared for statistical analysis. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results   CT spectral imaging signs of Achilles tendon rupture were thickening, circuity and density diminution. MRI signs were hyper-intensity and contracture of broken ends. CT spectral imaging and MRI had no significant difference in complete rupture and incomplete rupture(χ2=0, P>0.05), but had significant difference in chronicity limitations rupture(χ2=4.17, P<0.05). Conclusion   Compared with MRI, CT spectral imaging has higher application value in complete rupture and incomplete rupture, and MRI is better than CT spectral imaging in chronic limitations rupture.

    Comparative study of removing or reserving the corneal epithelial
    flap on high myopia correction by Epi-LASIK
    LI Zhao-na1,2, WU Xin-yi1, HU Ming2, CAO Li-jun2, LIU Lei2, ZHANG Ya-li2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  106. 
    Abstract ( 883 )   PDF (1348KB) ( 476 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the influence on postoperative response,effectiveness and complications of high myopia(≥-6.00D) by removing or reserving the corneal epithelial flap during epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis( Epi-LASIK). Methods   A series of 40 patients(80 eyes) with high myopia who would prospectively undergo Epi-LASIK in our centre were studied. After getting the agreement of each patient, one eye randomly had on-flap Epi-LASIK(on-flap group) and the other eye had off-flap Epi-LASIK(offflap group). All eyes wore bandage contact lens after operation. Corneal irritation symptoms and time of epithelial healing were observed at 3rd and 5th after operation. Naked visual acuity at the 1st week, 1st and 6th month and postoperative corneal haze at the 1st and 6th month after Epi-LASIK were statistically compared between the two groups. Results   There were fewer corneal irritation symptoms in the offflap group on the 3rd and 5th day after the operation than in the on-flap group(P<0.05).  The time of epithelial healing in the off-flap group and the on-flap group was (2.96±0.51) days and (4.92±1.38) days respectively, and there was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). At the first week after the  operation, the naked visual acuity of the off-flap group was better than the on-flap group, and there was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of naked visual acuity at the 1st and 6th month after the operation respectively(P>0.05). On the developing of corneal haze after the operation, there was statistical difference between the two groups at the 1st and 6th month(P<0.05). Conclusions   Although the off-flap Epi-LASIK can relieve corneal irritation symptoms and shorten epithelial healing time,at the same time it can increase the development of corneal haze in patients with high myopia. So reserving the epithelial flap in high myopia patients is suggested.

    Passive smoking in rural residents in three counties of Shandong Province
    WANG Xin1, WANG Jian2, LIU Yan-Xun1, JIA Chong-Qi1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  110. 
    Abstract ( 834 )   PDF (929KB) ( 557 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate passive smoking conditions in rural residents, and further to provide the basis for developing policies and strategies of tobacco control and safeguarding health of non-smokers. Methods   A cross-sectional survey was carried out among rural residents aged 15 years or older in 9 villages located in Pinyin, Liangshan, and Junan counties of Shandong Province. Information on tobacco use and passive smoking was collected by face-to-face interviews using a compiled questionnaire based on the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). Results   The general passive smoking rate was 39.00%, with 38.26% for males and 39.35% for females. In the young group, males had a higher passive smoking rate than females, while the old group was the opposite. The passive smoking rate was higher in unmarried males (42.61%) and in married females (41.19%). And the passive smoking rate was higher in peasantworker for males (48.99%) and in business/service practitioners for females (46.42%). The main passive smoking site was the workplace for males (54.30%) and the home for females (88.31%). Conclusion   The passive smoking rate in these three counties is higher than in other places in Shandong Province. Though people realize the harm of active and passive smoking, few of them take action against smoking. More work needs to done in the future.

    Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
    method for determination of fumonisins in wheat flour,
    corn and corn-based products
    MA Jiao-jie1, HU xiao2, SHAO Bing3, LIN Xiao-hui4, YU Hong-xia1 , LI Feng-qin4
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  115-120. 
    Abstract ( 933 )   PDF (1531KB) ( 693 )   Save
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    Objective   To develop a solid-phase extraction method coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for determination of three fumonisins (fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2 and fumonisin B3) in wheat flour, corn and corn-based products.  Methods   The samples were extracted by 50%(V/V) acetonitrile-water, followed by cleaning up on a MultiSep 211 column. Three toxins were eluted by methanol-formic acid(99∶1, V/V) and analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS with gradient elution. Acetonitrile and 0.2%(V/V) formic acid-water were used as the mobile phases in the gradient elution. The mass spectrometric acquisitions were carried out by means of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in electrospray positive ionization mode. Results   The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) for three fumonisins were 0.2μg/kg and 0.6μg/kg. The mean recoveries of three fumonisins at the different spiked levels ranged from 69.44% to 114.69%. 39 corn samples and 30 wheat flour samples collected from Gansu and Tianjin harvested in 2011 were analyzed with the developed method. Fumonisin B1 was the predominant toxin detected in terms of frequency and contamination level. Conclusion   The developed method is simple, sensitive and reproducible,and meets the requirement for determination of the three fumonisins in wheat flour, corn and corn-based products.

    Duloxetine combined with paliperidone in
    the treatment of somatization disorder
    AN Lu-xuan1, ZHANG Tian-liang2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  121. 
    Abstract ( 1620 )   PDF (972KB) ( 678 )   Save
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    Objective    To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of duloxetine in combination with small-dosage paliperidone in the treatment of somatization disorder. Methods   A total of 63 patients with somatization disorder were randomly divided into a study group (32 cases) and a control group (31 cases), treated with duloxetine in combination with paliperidone and duloxetine alone, respectively, for 8 weeks. The clinical efficacy and side effects were evaluated at the end of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, and compared with beforetreatment, using Screening for Somatoform Symptoms-7 (SOMS-7), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) and Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS). Results   For both the study group and control group, scores on SOMS-7, HAMD and HAMA were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment (P<0.01). At the end of the 8th week, the effective rates of the study group and the control group were 87.5% and 64.6%, respectively, and the effectual rates of the two group were 62.5% and 29.1%, respectively , for both categories, with the differences being significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01). At the end of the second week, the HAMD score for the study group was significantly lower than for the control group (P<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in ADR rates (P>0.05). Conclusions   For the treatment of somatization disorder, duloxetine in combination with small-dosage paliperidone worked better and faster than duloxetine alone, without added side effects.

    Psychological intervention on internet addiction disorders of
    students in grade one of the middle school
    LI Ying-cun1, LIU Bing-lun1,2, LI Ren-jun2, WANG Hong-jun2, HU Dai-mei2, WANG Wei2, WANG Meng1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(4):  125. 
    Abstract ( 1098 )   PDF (936KB) ( 405 )   Save
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    Objective   To explore the effect of psychological intervention in treating and preventing internet addiction of students in grade one of the middle school. Methods   A total of 839 students were divided into the intervention group (n=439) and the control group (n=400) by the method of cluster sampling. The intervention group received psychological intervention but the control group did not. Internet addiction disorder diagnostic scale(IADDS) and symptom checklist 90(SCL-90) were used to evaluate the two groups  pre and post-intervention.Results   There were significant differences between pre-and post-intervention in the total score of IADDS, and in the total score and factors of SCL90(P<0.01) in the intervention group, but no significant differences in the control group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the total score of IADDS, and in the total score and factors of SCL-90 before psychological intervention(P>0.05),but there were significant differences after psychological intervention(P<0.01). There were significant differences between pre-and post-intervention in the total score of IADDS, and in the total score and  factors of SCL-90 in students suffering from internet addiction disorder(IAD) in the intervention group(P<0.01). Conclusion   Psychological intervention is important in treating and preventing internet addiction of students in grade one of the middle school.