Table of Content

  

10 March 2012
Volume 50 Issue 3

Articles


Articles

Study of the plasma level of sRAGE and other related factors in
first-degree relatives  with normal glucose tolerance of Type 2 Diabetes

KANG Le1， WANG Jing1， WANG Xia2， ZHANG Na3， REN Jian-min1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  1-4. 

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Objective   To investigate the association between plasma levels of the soluble form of RAGE (sRAGE) and cardiometabolic risk factors in first-degree relatives of Type 2 Diabetes with normal glucose tolerance. Methods   Plasma levels of sRAGE were detected by ELISA in 51 first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients with normal glucose tolerance and 48 normal controls. The WC, HC, body mass, SBP and DBP were measured. In addition, other clinical indexes，including TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and FINS, were also tested. WHR, BMI, and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated according to the formulas. The differences of the above indexes between the two groups were analyzed by t test and the association between sRAGE and these indexes in the observation group was analyzed by Pearson′s correlation and multiple regression analysis. The observation group of first-degree relatives was divided into two subgroups with the cutoff point of BMI=25. The level of sRAGE was further analyzed in the subgroups to prove the relationship between BMI and sRACE.  Results   The levels of TG, FINS and HOMA-IR were significantly higher than those of the normal controls (P<0.05). However, the levels of HDL-C and sRAGE were significantly lower in the first-degree relative group compared to those of the normal controls (P<0.05). Plasma sRAGE was negatively correlated with BMI, WC, HC, WHR, and FBG (P<0.05), and BMI was an independent association factor of sRAGE (R2=0.145). Also, plasma sRAGE was significantly lower in the overweight and obese subgroup than that in the subgroup of normal BMI (P<0.05).  Conclusions   The level of plasma sRAGE in first-degree relatives of Type 2 Diabetes patients with normal glucose tolerance is significantly lower than that in normal people, and BMI is an independence hazard factor.

Clinical characteristics of risk factors of metabolic syndrome

WANG Min1, WANG Lei2, CUI Wei-wei1, ZHAO Jia-jun3, GAO Ling3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  5-7. 

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Objective   To investigate the clinical characteristics of risk factors of metabolic syndrome  (MS). Methods   The data were selected from the documents of annual medical insurance health checks of workers at the authorities in Dezhou in 2009. The subjects were divided into four groups according to their age (20-30y, 31-40y, 41-50y, and 51-60y ). MS risk factors including central obesity (waist circumference≥90cm in males, ≥80cm in females), increased systolic blood pressure (≥130mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (≥85mmHg), elevated levels of blood glucose and triglyceride (fasting glucose≥5.6mmol/L, triglyceride≥1.7mmol/L) and decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (＜1.03mmol/L in males, ＜1.29mmol/L in females) were investigated and analyzed among the subjects in different age groups. Results   MS risk factors were arranged in order  of their prevalence in different age stages as follows: (1)central obesity(50%), elevated levels of triglyceride(39%), decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(37%), increased diastolic blood pressure(33%), increased systolic blood pressure(22%), elevated levels of blood glucose(6%) in the 20-30y group. (2)central obesity(57%), increased diastolic blood pressure(47%), elevated levels of triglyceride(41%), decreased level of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(32%), increased systolic blood pressure(26%), elevated levels of blood glucose(14%) in the 31-40y group. (3)central obesity(71%), increased diastolic blood pressure(67%), increased systolic blood pressure(66%), elevated levels of triglyceride(54%), decreased level of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(31%), elevated levels of blood glucose(26%) in the 41-50y group. (4)increased diastolic blood pressure(68%), increased systolic blood pressure(63%), central obesity(58%), elevated levels of triglyceride(50%), decreased level of highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol(30%), elevated levels of blood glucose(27%) in the 51-60y group. Conclusion   Central obesity and high level of blood triglyceride are the early onset risk factors of MS, and hypertension and high level of blood glucose are the later symptoms of MS in workers at the authorities in Dezhou.

Improved method for rat pancreatic islets isolation and purification

XIAO Fang1,2,3, LI Wen-juan1,2,3, HOU Xin-guo1,2, SONG Jun1,2, XIAO Juan1,2, WANG Mei-jian1,2, LIU Ji-dong1,2, DENG Nan1,2, ZHOU Xiao-ying1,

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  8. 

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Objective   To optimize conditions for rat pancreatic islets isolation and purification, and provide experimental data for research on the pathogenesis of islet injury in diabetes and application of islet regeneration. Methods   Influences of different pancreatic perfusion volumes and digestion time on rat pancreatic islets isolation through intraductal collagenase V perfusion in situ were observed.  Effects on islets purification were compared between classical discontinuous Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and Histopaque 1077 density gradient centrifugation. Afterwards, the islets were examined and their morphology, quantity, purity and function were evaluated in vitro.  Results   Histopaque 1077 density gradient centrifugation could yield more islets of high quality (P<0.01). Insulin release by the islets through the two different methods under high glucose condition has no differentiation(P＞0.05). Islets perfusion volumes and digestion time played significant roles in rat islets extraction. Conclusion   Histopaque 1077 density gradient centrifugation, with simple operation and high yield, has a prospect to become the most effective method for rat islets purification and it will be more useful in clinical and basic research in the future.

Grape seed proanthocyanidin  extract in the prevention
of rat liver fibrosis

YANG Yan1, WANG Xiao-hua2, FAN Xiao-sheng3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  11. 

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 Objective   To observe the therapeutic effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin  extract (GSPE) on Carbon tetrachlorideinduced hepatic fibrosis in rats and explore its therapeutic mechanism．Methods   20 of 50 rats were randomly selected as the control group (n=10) and the solvent group (n=10). The remaining 30 rats were regarded as models of hepatic fibrosis which were established by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride twice a week for 8 weeks. The 24 successful model rats were divided into the model group (n=12) and the GSPE group (n=12), with GSPE 150mg/(kg·d) being given to the GSPE group rats from 5th week. After eight weeks, all rats were executed, and the liver and serum were stored for further investigation.Serum alanine  aminotransferase (ALT)、aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL)  were tested by automatic biochemical analyzer. Hexadecenoic acid (HA) 、 laminin (LN)  and Procollagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ) were tested by radioimmunoassay. Hydroxyproline (HyP) was tested by liver tissue alkaline hydrolysis. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) 、malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) were determined by chemical colorimetric method．Additionally, liver samples from fixed part were stained by HE to trace the degree of fibrosis．Results   Levels of serum ALT、AST、TBIL、HA、LN、PCⅢ in the rats of the model group were significantly raised(P<0.05) compared to those of the control group. Activities of  GSH and SOD in hepatic tissue decreased and levels of MDA and Hyp obviously increased (P<0.05)．Levels of serum ALT、AST 、TBIL、HA、LN、PCⅢ in the GSPE group were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in comparison to those of the model group. Activities of GSH and SOD in hepatic tissue increased and levels of MDA and Hyp decreased (P<0.05). In addition, the GSPE group had significantly improved histological changes of hepatic fibrosis(P<0.05). Conclusion   GSPE plays an inhibitory role in CCL4-induced  hepatic fibrosis in  rats,  probably through protection of hepatic cell, alleviation of injury induced by lipid peroxidation and inhibition on collagen fiber synthesis.

Preparation and bioactivity characterization of recombinant
human soluble mutant BAFF

LI Hong-chang1, JIAO Yu-lian2, CUI Bin2, LIU Xiao-wen2, LU Bing-ru2, SUN Wen-ping2, SUN Ya-fang1, LIU Xiang-dong3, ZHAO Yue-ran1,2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  17. 

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 Objective   To prepare highly purified human soluble mutant B cell activating factor (smBAFF) and study its biological activity. Methods   Expression of the recombinant human smBAFF in E.coli BL21 was induced by IPTG, and the protein was assayed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. The bacteria were split by sonication, inclusion bodies were extracted and dissolved, and then the smBAFF was purified by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography. The purified protein was refolded under specified conditions, and the bioactivity of the protein was assayed by immunofluorescence and CCK-8. Results   SDS-PAGE electrophoreses displayed that 1.7×104  recombinant protein was expressed, and Western blot showed that it was the protein of interest. The highly purified protein of the recombinant human smBAFF was attained by Ni2+-NTA affinity chromatography, and the recombinant protein could bind B cells, but lost the activity of co-stimulating B cell proliferation. Also, it could competitively inhibit the function of the soluble BAFF. Conclusions   The recombinant smBAFF was successfully prepared and possesses B cell binding activity but lost the activity of co-stimulating B cell proliferation. The result may lay a foundation to study the therapy for B cell malignancies and B cell abnormal activity diseases.

GFR and DEC1 protein co-expression promotes lymph node
metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma

MA Yu-hua1,2, ZHENG Yan3, JIA Yan-fei3, WANG Yun-shan3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  24-28. 

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Objective   To investigate the association of expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR ) and differentiated embryochondrocyte expressed gene 1 (DEC1) in lung adenocarcinoma to its clinicopathological characteristics. Methods   Expressions of EGFR and DEC1 in 75 cases of lung adenocarcinoma were detected by immnohistochemistry. Results   The positive membrane expression rates of EGFR and nuclear DEC1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were 45.3%（34/75）and 54.7%（41/75）respectively, which were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (P＜0.001). Expression of membrane EGFR in lung adenocarcinoma was related to tissue histological differentiation (P=0.033), lymph node metastasis(P=0.006) and distant metastasis(P=0.043). Expression of nuclear DEC1 in lung adenocarcinoma was associated with patients′ age(P=0.026) and tumor size（P=0.047）. Co-expression of EGFR and DEC1 in lung adenocarcinoma was related to lymph node metastasis（P=0.024）. Conclusion   The interaction of EGFR and DEC1 promotes lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.

Radiosensitivity enhancement of the human lung adenocarcinoma
cell line A549 by Glu-GNPs

LI Xiao-hong1， HU Li-kuan1,2， WANG Cui-hong1， DU Yuan-na1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  29. 

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Objective   To investigate radiosensitivity enhancement and its mechanism of thio-glucose bound gold nanoparticles (Glu-GNPs) on the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods   MTT assay was used to determine the effect of Glu-GNPs in low concentrations(≤20nmol/L) combined with radiotherapy on the survival of A549 cells. The radiosensitivity enhancement effect of Glu-GNPs on A549 cells was measured by clonal formation. The cell cycle and apoptosis were assayed by the flow cytometric method(FCM). Results   Survival of A549 cells was not obviously restrained by Glu-GNPs in low concentrations. But it was inhibited by GluGNPs combined with X-ray, and the inhibition was enhanced with the increase of concentrations within 15nmol/L. According to Dq and Do, sensitization enhancement ratios(SER) of A549 cells were 1.93 and 1.10, respectively. Radiation and Glu-GNPs could both induce apoptosis, and their apoptosis rates were (13.46±1.99)% and (7.64±1.43)%，respectively, which were enhanced to (21.43±1.04)% by combined treatment(P<0.01). Glu-GNPs decreased A549 cells at the phase S and increased those at G2/M(P<0.05). Conclusion   GluGNPs could induce radiosensitivity enhancement on the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, and the mechanism may be related to restraining repair of sublethal damage, blocking cells at G2/M and inducing apoptosis.

Experimental study on the establishment and haemodynamic
outcome of different acute pulmonary hypertension models

WU Wen-zhen1， HAO En-kui1， CHENG Yi-wei1， XIE Cui-huan2， MENG Yan3， SU Guo-hai1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  34-39. 

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Objectives   To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of establishing experimental dog models with acute pulmonary hypertension, and to evaluate the hemodynamic changes of pulmonary hypertension caused by the suture line method. Methods  Fifteen anesthetized mongrel dogs were randomly divided into the glucan group, suture group and thrombosis group, five in each group. The injection of glucan, suture line and autologous blood clots through the pulmonary artery catheter established corresponding animal models of acute pulmonary embolism. The cardiac catheter indexes RVSP were measured to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the different experimental methods. The measured cardiac catheterization indexes and the capacity index measured by echocardiography were used to study hemodynamic changes in the suture line group. Results   The glucan group and suture group showed more repeatability (stability) than that of thrombosis group (P<0.05) and the suture group showed no more persistence than that of the glucan group (P>0.05). Moderate increasing of pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricle pressure load resulted in expansion of pulmonary artery and right ventricle, mild decrease of aortic systolic pressure and cardiac output(P>0.05). Severe pulmonary hypertension and right ventricle pressure load increase resulted in further expansion of the pulmonary artery and right ventricle, severe decrease of aortic systolic pressure and cardiac output(P<0.05). Conclusion   The method using the suture line is simpler and more  effective to establish the acute pulmonary hypertension model and research hemodynamic changes. Biventricular hemodynamic changes derived from acute pulmonary hypertension will be helpful for clinical evaluation and treatment of acute pulmonary embolism.

HMGA1 expression in glioma stem cells isolated from the
glioblastoma multiforme cell line U251

GUO Hua, FAN Hai-tao, LIU Bin, JIA Jian-bo, XU Shang-chen, PANG Qi, LUAN Li-ming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  40. 

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Objective   To examine HMGA1 expression in glioblastoma cell line U251 and glioma stem cells (GSCs) isolated from it.  Methods   GSCs expressing the surface marker CD133 were isolated from U251 using an MACS column. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analyses were performed on GSCs. GSCs was compared with U251 in HMGA1 expression at the transcriptional (real-time PCR) and translational (Western blotting) levels. Results   GSCs were isolated from U251. The percentage of GSCs in U251 was about 0.32%. In GSCs, HMGA1 expression was 6.13±0.25 times higher at the transcriptional level and 2.75±0.99 times higher at the translational level than in U251. Conclusion   HMGA1 is overexpressed in GSCs as compared to U251, which implied that HMGA1 plays an important role in malignant proliferation, invasion, and differentiation of tumors in vivo. HMGA1 could be used as a biomarker and a  therapeutic target for glioblastoma and GSC.

Expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in the spleen of the mouse facial
nerve palsy model induced by herpes simplex virus type 1

GU Lin-tao1,2， WANG Hai-bo1， LI Jian-feng1， HAN Yue-chen1， LIU Wen-wen1， MAO Yan-yan1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  44. 

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Objective   To investigate expression of glucocorticoid receptor(GR) in the spleen of the mouse facial nerve palsy model induced by herpes simplex virus type 1. Metheods   Four-week-old male Balb/c mice were selected and randomly divided into three groups: the blank control group, the saline control group and the experimental group.HSV-1 was inoculated into the left auricle of the experimental mice by scratching with a 26-gauge needle, and the same volume of saline was placed in the left auricle of the controls. The spleens were obtained at 6h,12h, 24h, 2d, 3d, 5d and 7d after facial paralysis. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the level of GR protein, while rea-time PCR  was used to measure the level of GR mRNA. Results   Compared with the saline control group, expressions of GR mRNA in the spleens of the experimental group  were slightly decreased after the facial paralysis, sharply declined at 24h, peaked on the 3rd day(all P<0.05), but returned to the baseline level on the 7th day(P>0.05). GR protein expression in the experimental group was similar to GR mRNA. Conclusions   Expression of GR in the spleen of the mouse facial nerve palsy model induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 appears in a time-dependent pattern which at first is reduced, then increases and finally returns to the baseline .It implies that GR expression in the spleen of the model follows a pattern, and may play a role in the process of the disease.        

Effect of bFGF-siRNA-mediated gene silencing on proliferation and
apoptosis in the lung cancer cell line A549

MENG You-sheng, WANG Xiu-wen, WANG Ya-wei, TIAN Tian-tian

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  50-54. 

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Objective   To investigate the effect of bFGF-siRNA-mediated gene silencing on expression of Oct-4, cell proliferation and apoptosis in the lung cancer cell line A549. Methods   A549 cells were divided into three groups: the PGCsiU6-bFGF-siRNA group(transfected with the bFGF interference plasmid), the negative control group(transfected with the PGCsiU6-NC-siRNA plasmid)and the blank control group(non-transfected group).The bFGF mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR and Oct-4 protein levels were detected by West Blot. Cell growth ability was determined by CCK-8 colorimetry. Cell apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry. Results   Specific bFGF-siRNA down-regulated the mRNA levels of the bFGF gene (P<0.01) and expression of Oct4 decreased(P<0.01). Compared with the negative and blank control groups, cell proliferation decreased in the PGCsiU6-bFGF-siRNA group(day 24 P<0.05, day 5-7 P<0.01), while the ratio of apoptosis increased after transfection with the bFGF interference plasmid (P<0.05). Conclusion   bFGF-siRNAs can remarkably down-regulate bFGF expression at the transcriptional level，down-regulate the Oct-4 expression, inhibit cell growth and induce cell apoptosis in the lung cancer cell line A549．

Effect and mechanism of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on
         proliferation of adult human Sertoli cells

LI Yi1, ZHANG Shuai2, YIN Gang3, SHI Kun1, BING　Lu-jun1, HAO Jing1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  55-61. 

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Objective   To investigate the effect and mechanism of Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway on adult human Sertoli cell proliferation. Methods   Adult testicular tissues were digested by the two-step enzymatic method to extract and purify Sertoli cells, and the purified Sertoli cells were continuously passage cultured. The Sertoli cell-specific protein vimentin was detected by immunofluorescence to evaluate the purity of the cultured Sertoli cells. The cultured Sertoli cells were divided into three groups: the normal culture medium (Con group), the medium with Gsk-3β inhibitor SB216763（SB group）, and the medium with lithium chloride (LiCl group).  BrdU incorporation assay was performed to measure Sertoli cell proliferation and flow cytometry was used to access the cell cycle. Immunofluorescence, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blotting were performed to investigate expressions of β-catenin and c-myc. C-myc expression was down regulated in Sertoli cells by small RNA interference technology. Results   BrdU incorporation assay and flow cytometry results revealed that SB216763 and the LiCl significantly promoted Sertoli cell proliferation. The nuclear translocation of β-catenin and c-myc, the mRNA level and protein expression of c-myc remarkably increased in SB group and the LiCl group. The proliferation stimulation effect of SB216763 on human Sertoli cells was significantly inhibited after c-myc siRNA transfection. Conclusion   Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could promote the proliferation of the adult testicular Sertoli cells via upregulation of c-myc expression.

Relationship between collagen type Ⅲ in serum and
renal function in  obstructive  nephropathy

MA Min1, ZHANG Liang2, SHAO Guang-feng1, ZHANG Lei1, LIU Yu-qiang1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  62-65. 

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Objective   To explore the relationship between the concentrations of type Ⅲ procollagen(PCⅢ) and aminoterminal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen(PⅢNP)in serum of obstructive nephropathy and the damage and recovery of renal function. Methods   Thirty patients suffering from unilateral hydronephrosis were divided into three groups: the mild hydronephrosis group(10 cases) and the moderate hydronephrosis group (10 cases) and severe hydronephrosis group (10 cases) . 10 healthy people were chosen as the control group. PCⅢ and PⅢNP concentrations in serum were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Preoperative and postoperative Glomerular Filtration Rates (GFRs)were measured by nephrodynamic imaging and then the relationship between PCⅢ and PⅢNP concentrations in serum and GFRs was studied. Results   ①PCⅢ and PⅢNP concentrations in serum of the three hydronephrosis groups were all higher than the control group, and PCⅢ and PⅢNP concentrations in serum increased gradually with the increasing degree of the hydronephrosis. The differences between the hydronephrosis group and the control group and among the hydronephrosis groups were significant(P<0.05).②There was a negative correlation between PCⅢ and PⅢNP concentrations in serum of the three hydronephrosis groups and preoperative GFRs(r=-0.819，P<0.01).③The postoperative GFRs were higher than the preoperative GFRs of the mild and moderate hydronephrosis groups(P<0.05) and the postoperative GFRs of the severe hydronephrosis group did not significantly recover(P>0.05). Conclusion   PCⅢ and PⅢNP concentrations in serum of the hydronephrosis groups gradually increased with the increasing degree of the hydronephrosis. There was a negative correlation between PCⅢ and PⅢNP concentrations in serum of the three hydronephrosis groups and preoperative GFRs. So we presumed that the PCⅢ and PⅢNP concentrations in serum could be used to indicate the changes of renal function in hydronephrosis, on condition that the possibility of other organs′ fibrosis was ruled out.

Changes and clinical significances of CD4+T cell subsets in aplastic anemia,
myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia patients

YIN Dong-mei1, XU Hong-zhi1, ZHANG Jing-yao1, SUI Xiao-hui1, CUI Bin2, MA Chun-yan2, ZHEN Chang-qing1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  66-70. 

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Objective   To investigate the role of CD4+T cell subsets in the immune pathogenesis of aplastic anemia (AA), myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia(AML). Methods   Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of T helper and Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells  of 48 MDS, 25 AA, 12 AML patients and 8 normal controls. Results   Compared with the control group, the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells and Th1/Th2 were higher， but the percentages of Th2 and Treg cells were lower in the AA group(P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentages of Th1, Th2, Treg cells and Th1/Th2 between the MDS group and the control group(P>0.05)，but the percentages of Th17 and Treg cells were higher in the MDS group (P＜0.05). The percentages of Th1, Th17 cells and Th1/Th2 were higher and the percentage of Th2 cells was lower in the MDS-RA group, but there was no difference in the percentage of Treg cells between the MDS-RA group and the control group (P>0.05). In the AML and MDS-RAEB groups, the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells and Th1/Th2 were significantly lower and the percentages of Th2 and Treg cells were higher than the normal controls (P＜0.05). Conclusions   Immune status is different in AA， variant MDS stages and AML. Immune-mediated excessive apoptosis could induce bone marrow failure in AA and the early stage of MDS. The large accumulation of abnormal clones could induce bone marrow failure in AML and late stage of MDS.

Unenhanced spiral CT localization combined with C-arm in minimally invasive
percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL) for complex renal calculi

JIANG Li-cheng1,2, XU Zhong-hua1, ZHANG Ying-chen2, WANG Xue-ting2, DING Ji-yang2, CHENG Yu-feng2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  71. 

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Objective   To investigate the value of non-contrast-enhanced spiral CT-assistant localization combined with C-arm in the treatment of complex renal calculi by minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(mPCNL). Methods   50 patients with complex renal calculi underwent a non-contrast-enhanced spiral CT scan localization to simulate intraoperative posture before the operation and accepted the mPCNL treatment combined with C-arm (CT group). Another 38 patients with complex renal calculi who directly underwent puncture by C-arm localization were studied as the control group(Carm group). Results   In the CT group, the average number of punctures［(1.27±0.56) per side vs (2.28±1.19) punctures per side, P<0.01］, channel building time［(5.51±2.31)minutes per side vs (11.36±6.15) minutes per side, P<0.01］, C-arm usage counter［(2.53±0.77) vs （7.44±1.87), P<0.01］ ,and X-ray exposure time for surgeons［(0.32±0.73) minutes per side vs (0.53±0.28)minutes per side, P<0.05］ and patients ［(0.43±0.72) minutes per side vs (0.72±0.28) minutes per side, P<0.01］were significantly lower than those of the C-arm group. Conclusion   Non-contrast-enhanced spiral CT localization combined with C-arm can contribute to percutaneous renal puncture in the complex renal calculi treatment by mPCNL, and effectively reduce the C-arm usage counter and intraoperative radiation exposure time.

Plasma fasting glucose, fasting insulin and insulin degrading
enzyme levels in Alzheimer′s disease

CHEN Min, SHAN Pei-yan, LIU Ai-fen, MA Lin, YU Xiao-lin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  75. 

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Objective   To explore the association between diabetes-related factors (fasting glucose, fasting insulin and insulin degrading enzyme) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods   32 patients with AD (the patient group) and 30 normal elderly subjects (the control group) were enrolled. Blood samples were used for determining serum fasting insulin (Fins) by chemiluminescence assay and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The two groups were all tested by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and clinical dementia rating (CDR). Results   The serum IDE in the patient group declined compared with the control group(P＜0.05). There were positive correlations of fasting glucose (FPG) and Fins with IDE in the control group while no correlations in the patient group. The score of MMSE was negatively correlated with the FPG level in the patient group. And there were no significant differences among the patients in different stages. Conclusion   The IDE level decreases in patients with AD and may influence the function of IDE to adjust the insulin and the insulin resistance, so IDE may play a role in AD.

ETV6 gene rearrangements in adult acute lymphoblastic
leukemia and their clinical significance 

SANG Tan1, DING Bu-tong2, CHANG Ya-li1, CHEN Yun1, LI Zhi-hong2,WANG Yun-shan2， HAN Shu-yi2, TONG Shu-qing2, GUO Nong-jian1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  79-82. 

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Objective   To test the rearrangements of the ETV6 gene in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and analyze the clinical significance of the rearrangement. Methods   Bone marrow was obtained from 25 ALL patients for the test. Split-signal fluorescence in situ hybridization(Split-signal FISH)was used for testing ETV6 rearrangements. Nested Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(Nested RTPCR)was used for confirmation if  fusion was found through Split-signal FISH. Results   The ETV6 gene was observed as broken and rearranged in one male patient who showed as a normal karyotype by conventional cytogenetic analysis. The arrangement was subsequently confirmed as expression of the ETV6-RUNX1 fusion gene identified by RT-PCR. The patient was a refractory and relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia patient and resistant to re-induction therapy. Conclusion   FISH is more sensitive than the conventional cytogenetic analysis to detect the ETV6 gene rearrangement. Our study indicates that the ETV6RUNX1 fusion gene, which is caused by ETV6 rearrangement, may be an indication of a poor outcome in adult patients with ALL.

Therapy and effect of GnHRa on sex hormone and bone mineral
density in patients with endometriosis

CHENG Kai-hua1, ZHANG Li-xin2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  83-86. 

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Objective   To investigate the change of sex hormone and bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with endometriosis (EM) using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnHRa). Methods   60 patients with EM were divided into group A (n=30) and group B (n=30)， and 30 healthy female patients were selected as group C. Group A received leuprorelin acetate, group B received leuprorelin acetate combined with 7-tibolone, while group C received nothing. The clinical efficiency, levels of FSH, LH, E2 and P and BMD were observed.  Results   There was no significant difference in clinical efficiency between group A and group B. The levels of FSH, LH, E2 and P after 4 weeks and 12 weeks in groups A and B more significantly decreased than those before treatment and in group C. The levels of E2 and P in group B were higher than those in group A after 4 weeks and 12 weeks. The levels of BMD in groups A and B did not significantly decrease. Conclusion   GnHRa can decrease the levels of FSH, LH, E2 and P，and GnHRa combined with the add-back therapy can release the decreasing extent of sex hormone and reduce the bone loss.

Diagnosis and treatment of 67 cases with acute leg ischemia

ZHANG Hong1, JIANG Hai-Jun1, YANG Zhi1, ZHANG Xiao-ming2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  87-89. 

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Objective   To study the diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute leg ischemia. Methods   The etiology, therapeutic methods, prognosis and other clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 67 patients with acute leg ischemia, who were hospitalized from September 2003 to March 2010. Results   Among the 67 patients, 58 accepted surgery, including leg arterial cut and Fogarty catheter thrombectomy in 32, leg arterial cut and Fogarty catheter thrombectomy with endovascular therapy in 20, leg arterial cut and Fogarty catheter thrombectomy with artificial vascular bypass in 4, and leg arterial cut and interlayer frame implantation in 2.  The other 9 accepted conservative therapy. The final results were leg salvage in 59(88.1%), amputation in 5(7.4%), and death in 3(4.5%). Conclusion   To get a satisfactory clinical result, an individual therapeutic scheme should be carried out for acute leg ischemia with different etiologies. 

Effect of anti-virus combined with glucocorticoids and plasma exchange on
patients with hepatitis B with tendency to Hepatargia

TAN lin, LI Sha-sha, GAO Xue-wu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  90-92. 

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Objective   To observe the effect of glucocorticoid and artificial liver plasma exchange in treatment of patients who had hepatargia tendency.  Methods   91 patients with hepatargia tendency were assigned into the treatment group (n=49) and the control group (n=42). Based on the natural liver protection and anti-hepatitis B virus treatment, the treatment group received glucocorticoid or glucocorticoid in combination with artificial liver plasma exchange. The control group only received natural liver protection and anti-hepatitis B virus treatment. Results   Compared with the control group, liver function and prothrombin in the treatment group was significantly improved during and after treatment. The clinical improvement rate was higher and the hepatargia incidence was lower. Conclusion   Application of glucocorticoids and artificial liver plasma exchange, which can be blocked at an early stage of chronic hepatitis B tendency to hepatargia, reduces the incidence of liver failure and mortality of chronic liver disease, and provides a clinical basis for early prevention and treatment of hepatargia.

Clinical analysis of prognostic risk factors of acute respiratory
distress syndrome

LI Wen-yuan， DING Shi-fang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  93. 

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Objective   To investigate the risk factors influencing the outcomes of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods   The clinical data of 145 patients from January 2008 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the survivor group (n=80) and the non-survivor group (n=65). The age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ) score, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)  score, the number of dysfunctional organs, sepsis severity, ARDS originating from pulmonary disease (ARDSp) and extra-pulmonary disease (ARDSexp) were analyzed to evaluate the prognosis. Results   Univariate analysis showed that the age (P＜0.001), APACHEⅡ score (P＜0.001), SOFA score (P=0.003), number of dysfunctional organs (P＜0.001), sepsis severity (P＜0.001), ARDSp and ARDSexp (P=0.043), and anticoagulant application (P=0.006) had significant differences between the survivor group and the non-survivor group. Logistic regression analysis showed that APACHEⅡ(P=0.016, OR: 1.095, 95% CI: 1.0171.179), sepsis severity (P＜0.001, OR: 2.559, 95%CI: 1.6094.072), and ARDSp and ARDSexp (P=0.033, OR: 0.348, 95% CI: 0.1310.920) were the independent predictors of the mortality in patients with ARDS. Conclusion   The APACHEⅡ scores, sepsis severity, and ARDS origin are the independent predictors of mortality in patients with ARDS.

A preliminary study toward validating EGFR expression in esophageal
carcinoma as used to predict the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy

LI Qiang， YANG Zhe， ZHAO Ying， HAN Jun-qing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  96. 

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Objective   To study the usefulness of EGFR expression as applied to predict the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy in esophageal carcinoma. Method   Tissue samples were collected from 35 esophageal cancer patients before any treatment was done. Immunohistochemistry was performed for EGFR. Chemoradiotherapy was carried about on all patients, and the sensitivity was reviewed against the immunohistochemical staining patterns. Result   The complete response rate (CR) in the EGFR-positive group and EGFR-negative group was 57.7%（15/26）and 11.1%（1/9）, respectively, showing a significant difference(P=0.022). Conclusion   This observation suggests that EGFR expression level (YES vs NO) may help predict the sensitivity to chemoradiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma.

The usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography in  differentially diagnosing
and treating cysts and lipomas in the duodenal tract

LU Xiao-heng, HAO Hong-sheng, SUN Li-juan, LI Wen-jie, SONG Xuan, LU Xue-feng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  100. 

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Objective   To investigate the usefulness of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in differentially diagnosing cysts and lipomas in the duodenal tract. Methods   EUS images of pathologically confirmed, 14 cases of cyst and 20 cases of lipoma were collected between April 2006 and October 2010. These lesions were compared in location, size, origin, margin and internal echo pattern. Results   The cysts and lipomas were significantly different in  size［(8.2±3.4)mm vs (12.6±5.0)mm, P<0.05］. They were also different in the internal echo pattern(cysts echoless or lowlevel echo vs lipomas  high-level echo (P<0.05). By contrast,  there were no statistical differences (P>0.05) in the lesion location,  origin and margin.  Conclusion   EUS is a valuable tool to differentiate cysts and lipomas in the duodenal tract, thus providing guidance for making  safe and costeffective treatment plans.

A magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging analysis of
 the hippocampus in patients with mild cognitive impairment

ZHAO Qiang， KANG Yong-jun， WANG Xin-yi， YANG Zhi-qiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  103. 

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Objective   To investigate the difference of average diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the hippocampus (HP) of aged groups that have mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and that have normal cognition, and to evaluate the applicability of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) in MCI diagnosis. Methods   We selected a total of 18 MCI patients (MCI Group) and 18 individuals with normal cognition (NC Group), the two groups being matched by gender, age and education. A comparison was done for the two groups in ADC and FA in the HP. A possible correlation between the ADC and FA values of the MCI patients and their Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scores was examined. Results   Compared with the NC Group, the MCI Group exhibited significantly high ADC for the left HP and the total bilateral HP（P＜0.01）, whereas the two groups were not significantly different in the right HP（P＞0.05）. With FA，the two groups were not significantly different in the left, right and total bilateral HP (P＞0.05). The MCI Group had lower MMSE and MoCA scores, but higher ADL scores than the NC Group　(P＜0.01). In addition, MMSE showed a negative correlation with ADC of the left HP and total bilateral HP (P<0.01), but had no significant correlation with either FA or ADC of the right HP (P＞0.05) . Furthermore, MoCA and ADL did not have significant correlation with either ADC or FA (P＞0.05). Conclusion   MR-DTI is a helpful tool in MCI diagnosis．

Isolation of endothelial cells from hepatocellular carcinoma and
their PRL-3 expression

ZHAO Wen-bo1， LIU Xin1， LIU Xiao-qian2， CUI Xin1， WANG　Xin1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  108-112. 

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Objective   To investigate PRL-3 expression in endothelial cells isolated  from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its correlation  with angiogenesis. Methods   Endothelial cells were isolated from freshly collected liver tissues of 30 HCC cases using anti-CD31 conjugated magnetic microbeads. PRL-3 expression in the isolated cells was examined by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Transcript abundances of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in endothelial cells were investigated by real-time PCR. Results   The isolated endothelial cells exhibited a typical “cobblestone” appearance. Immunostaining for the von Willebrand factor proved positive in more than 90% of the isolated cells, with their PRL-3 expression being significantly up-regulated (PRL-3 vs β-actin: 11.50±2.95 vs 1.76±1.04, P<0.001). Conclusion   The results strongly suggested that endothelial cells’ PRL-3 is involved in the angiogenesis of HCC and, hence, could be a useful marker for antiangiogenesis therapy.

Application of diffusion tensor and fiber tractography imaging of 3.0 magnetic
 resonance in the diagnosis of musculoskeletal tumors in lower limbs

GU Qing-ping， QI Zi-hua

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  113. 

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Objective   To investigate the diagnosis value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and fiber tractography imaging (FTI) in patients with musculoskeletal tumors in lower limbs. Methods   A retrospective evaluation was carried out in 23 patients with musculoskeletal tumors in lower limbs. All the patients underwent routine MRI (Siemens MEGNETOM Verio syngo MR B17, Germany) before treatment. Scans were made by multidirectional diffusion weighted imaging (measured in 20 noncollinear directions) and T1 contrast enhanced images. The tumor’s  size, shape, signal characteristic and anatomic relation between lesion and its neighbor tissue were observed. Anisotropic parameter maps were automatically shown in NEURO 3D software. Tumor parenchyma was defined as the region of interest (ROI) with high T2, DWI signal intensity and contrast enhancement. Normal muscle fibers were assumed as the normal location of T2 signal intensity without enhancement. FA, ADC, RA, VR, and λ1 maps were calculated and ROI was manually placed over areas of tumor parenchyma and normal muscle fibers. Independent samples group t test was made for statistical analysis with SPSS 19.0 software package. A threedimensional model of the muscle fibers was created by diffusion tensor fiber tractography (DT-FT) techniques to demonstrate the space relationship of the tumor and adjacent muscle fibers. Results   There were significant differences between benign and malignant tumors in FA, RA , VR values（P<0.05) and no differences in ADC and λ1 values (P>0.05) . The FA, RA and VR values had significant differences between fibrous tumors and other tumors （P<0.005). FT of muscle fiber tracts showed edema, compression and displacement around benign tumors. The influence of malignant tumors toward adjacent fiber mainly manifested as reduced anisotropy, abnormal orientation, infiltration and disruption.  Conclusion   As a noninvasive FMRI method for musculoskeletal tumors, DTI combined with FT can better demonstrate the tumor edges, internal conditions, and relation of tumors to the adjacent tissues, and provide assistance in diagnosis and differential diagnosis between benign and malignant tumors in the musculoskeletal system.

Bayesian false discovery rate

ZENG Ping, WANG Ting

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  120. 

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Objective   To investigate the Bayesian interpretation of false discovery rate in multiple hypothesis testing and the empirical Bayes approach. Methods   A Bayesian two-group model was constructed for prostate cancer microarray data. The cumulative distribution function of the z value was empirically estimated and the density function was estimated using the method of Poisson regression by Efron, then the empirical Bayes approach was applied to estimate false discovery rate and local false discovery rate. Results   The false discovery rate was empirically estimated as 0-167 given the rejection region of (-∞,-3］, and the local false discovery rates were found to be no more than 0-2 in 58 genes. Conclusion   The false discovery rate can be interpreted from the Bayesian perspective and empirically estimated in high-dimensional data.

Tobacco control status of the rural health institutions
in three countries of Shandong Province

LIU Jun-jie1， WANG Jian1， LIU Yan-xun2， JIA Chong-qi2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  125. 

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Objective   To analyze problems of tobacco control (TC) existing in rural health institutions and give relevant advice. Methods   Health personnel relevant to TC were investigated in three countries in Shandong Province using the structured interview outline. Results   ①Smoking was common in health institutions, and social needs and work stress were the main causes of smoking. ② Drafting and implementation of TC documents and TC activities played effective roles in TC, while because of lack of supervision and examination mechanisms, no substantial progress was made. ③ Smoking of the leadership, shortages of money and TC laws, and insufficient atmosphere of TC were the difficulties in TC. Conclusion   ①The leadership of a unit should lead and support TC. ② Attention should be paid to increase propaganda for TC, carry out and encourage health personnel in rural institutions to participate in the education and training of TC, build a tobacco control network with health institutions at the core of radiation, and create a social atmosphere of TC.

Immunological effect of different immunization schedules on enterovirus 71

WANG Dong-xu1, WEN Hong-ling1, DONG Hua1, SUN Cheng-xi1, SI Lu-ying1,YUAN Xiao-jing1, CHU Fu-lu1, ZHAO Li1, WANG Zhi-yu1,2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(3):  129. 

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Objectivem   To compare immunological effect  of different immunization schedules on enterovirus 71(EV71), and choose the best immunization schedule. Methods   EV71 was prepared ,and then the virus was inactivated and titrated.  BALB / c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 9.  Groups 1 and 2 were immunized by the inactivated virus, while groups 3 and 4 by the live virus. Group 5 was the control group, immunized by PBS. The immunization interval was two weeks in groups 1,3 and 5, while it was three weeks in groups of 2 and 4. Antibody titers were detected by indirect ELISA after four times of immunization. Results   The antibodies were positive in the four experimental groups (A/A0≥2.1)，while negative in the control group (A/A0＜2.1). The absorbance value of the five groups were 1.0817±0.2897, 1.0296±0.3719, 1.0748±0.3749, 1.4929±0.2159, and 0.1687±0.0218, and the differences were significant by one-way ANOVA (F=23.449，P＜0.05).LSD-t test showed that the antibody titer of group 4 was different from those of groups 1, 2, and 3 (P＜0.05), while no difference was found among groups 1, 2, and 3 (P＞0.05). Conclusion   The antibody titers were  different among these five groups and the highest in group 4.  So the ideal schedule to obtain high titer antiserum is immunization by the live virus at three-week intervals.