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Table of Content

      
    16 March 2010
    Volume 48 Issue 3
    Articles
    Changes of collagen metabolism and MMP-2/TIMP-2 in hearts of diabetic rats
    LI Qian, WANG Yi, SUN Shuzhen, CHEN Yao, WANG Lijun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  1-6. 
    Abstract ( 1118 )   PDF (822KB) ( 391 )   Save
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    Objective  To study the dynamic changes of collagen metabolism and MMP-2/TIMP-2 expressions in hearts of diabetic rats. Methods   Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 4-week normal controls, 4-week diabetic rats, 12-week normal controls, and 12-week diabetic rats. The diabetic rats were induced by injecting streptozotocin(STZ, 60mg/kg). The collagen content, serum MMP-2/TIMP-2 levels, cardiac activity, mRNA and protein expressions of MMP-2/TIMP-2were determined. Results  The collagen contents were increased in diabetic rat hearts (P<0.01). The activity, mRNA expression and protein level of MMP-2 were decreased (P<0.01 except P<0.05 in MMP-2 activity between 4-week diabetic rats vs normal controls) while the serum level and mRNA expression of TIMP-2 were increased (P<0.05, P<0.01) in diabetic hearts. The serum MMP-2 level and cardiac TIMP-2 protein level were slightly increased at 4 weeks (P>0.05) but markedly at 12 weeks (P<0.05, P<0.01) in diabetic rats. The cardiac MMP-2/TIMP-2content was positively related to the serum MMP-2/TIMP-2levels (r=0.565, P<0.01; r=0.415, P<0.05) and gene and protein expressions of TIMP-2 (r=0.609, 0.620; P<0.01) while it was negatively related  to activity, gene and protein expressions of MMP-2 (r=-0.797, -0.704, -0.613;  P<0.01).  Conclusion    Imbalance of MMP-2/TIMP-2 might participate in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Serum MMP-2/TIMP-2might be potential markers for early diagnosis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

    Effects of Tongxinluo on expressions of connective tissue growth  factor(CTGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7) 
    in diabetic nephropathy rats
    WU Shoucai,GAO Haiqing,LI Xiaoli,LI Baoying,LI Xianhua,YIN Mei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  7-11. 
    Abstract ( 1480 )   PDF (721KB) ( 348 )   Save
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    Objective   To explore the effects of Tongxinluo on the expressions of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats. Methods  The diabetic (DM) rats model was established by one-dose introperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ). The rats were randomly divided into diabetic group(DM group), Tongxinluo treated groups(TXL group), and the control group(C group) . The ratio of kidney weight to body weight, 24h urine microprotein and piasma AGEs, HbA1c, BUN and Cr were measured in each rat after 24 weeks. The renal pathological changes were examined with PAS staining.  mRNA and protein expressions of CTGF and BMP-7 in kidney were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blot. Results  Expressions of mRNA and protein of CTGF were decreased, but expressions of mRNA and protein of BMP-7 in the kidney of the DM group were increased compared with the control group, with P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively. The body weight was increased and urine micro-protein was decreased  in TXL treated rats, and the renal pathological changes were lower than those of the DM group. Expression of CTGF was down-regulated and  expression of BMP-7 was up-regulated by TXL. Conclusion    TXL can reduce glomerular basement membrane thickening and urine microprotein in diabetic nephropathy rats. Renal protective effects and the mechanism of TXL are probably related to down-regulating expression of CTGF and up-regulating expression of BMP-7.

    Correlation of dipeptidylpeptidase IV enzyme activity  with diabetic nephropathy
    LI Wenbin1, CUI Meiyu1, XU Dongmei1,GUAN Guangju2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  12-14. 
    Abstract ( 1048 )   PDF (329KB) ( 375 )   Save
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    Objective  To study the correlation of dipeptidylpeptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme activity with diabetic nephropathy(DN). Methods  30 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into two groups according to their urinary albumin excretion: the DN1 group(urinary albumin excretion≤300mg/24h)and the DN2 group(urinary albumin excretion>300mg/24h), and 10 healthy individuals were selected as controls. ELISA was used to assay DPPIV enzyme activity. Results  The specific activity of DPPIV enzyme was higher in diabetic patients compared with that in the healthy controls. In linear regression models, DPPIV enzyme activity was associated with HbA1c and quantitation of urine protein. Conclusion  The specific activity of DPPIV enzyme may promote the development of DN.

    Relevance of the serum matrix metalloproteinase8 and 
    carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetics
    SI Qingying, LIU Changsheng, WANG Xia, REN Jianmin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  15-18. 
    Abstract ( 935 )   PDF (361KB) ( 289 )   Save
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    Correlation between Lrp-1 and Aβ1-40 expressed in brain tissue of diabetic rats of different ages
    WANG Miao1, ZHU Meijia2, ZHAO Zhangning1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  19-23. 
    Abstract ( 1038 )   PDF (744KB) ( 290 )   Save
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    Objective  To research low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(Lrp-1)and Amyloid Beta 1-40 (Aβ1-40)content in the brain tissue of rats with diabetic mellitus, as well as the relationship between them. Methods  The type 2 diabetic rat model was induced by streptozotocin and highcarbonhydratefat diet. All Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: normal rats aged 3 months and 6 months, and diabetic rats aged 3 months(DM3) and 6 months(DM6). Then expressions of Lrp1 and Aβ1-40 were detected by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(Elisa) respectively.  Results  ① Aβ1-40 was detected in several parts of the brain tissue, such as the cytoplasm or cytomembrane of neurons or neuroglial cells of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus,  and adventitia or smooth muscle cells of the  pial artery or the perforating branch. More Aβ1-40 was detected in diabetic rats than in sameage normal ones(P<0.05). Expression of Aβ1-40 increased with age in both groups(P<0.05); ②Lrp-1 was also detected in several parts of the brain tissue, such as the cytoplasm or cytomembrane of neurons or neuroglial cells of cerebral cortex and hippocampus, intima of perforating arteries, and capillary endothelial cells. On the contrary, less Lrp-1 was detected in diabetic rats(P<0.05), and expression of Lrp1 decreased with age(P<0.05); ③ Aβ1-40 had a typical negative linear correlation with Lrp-1. Conclusion  Deposition of Aβ1-40 was related to down-regulation of Lrp-1.

    Significance of Apelin and TNF-α level changes in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after treatment
    XU Hua1,HOU Weikai1,ZHANG Li2,ZHU Lei2, LOU Fuchen1,ZHANG Ying1,WANG Qian1,YU Shan1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  24. 
    Abstract ( 967 )   PDF (347KB) ( 309 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the effects of treatment with insulin-sensitizing agents on serum Apelin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), and to assess the significance of Apelin and TNF-α level changes. Methods   61 newly-diagnosed obese patients with T2DM were enrolled in this study, and they were randomly divided to receive either metformin(the Met group, n=31)or rosiglitazone (the Rog group, n=30) treatment. 30 healthy individuals were included as the normal control group(NC group, n=31). Serum Apelin, TNF-α, fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FIN), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) were measured before and after treatment. The insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was assessed by a homeostasis model (HOMA). Results    Both serum Apelin and TNF-α levels in obese patients with T2DM were significantly higher than those in the control group, and they were positively correlated with BMI, FIN, FBG and HOMA-IR(P<0.05). Apelin, TNF-α, FBG and HbA1c significantly decreased after treatment compared to those before treatment(P<0.05). Moreover,  the Rog group showed lower Apelin and TNF-α levels than those in the Met group(P<0.05). BMI was significantly decreased in the Met group(P<0.05) . But had no significant change(P>0.05) in the Rog group.  Apelin level was positively correlated with TNF-α both before treatment (P<0.05) and after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion   High levels  of serum Apelin and TNFα in obese patients with T2DM may be involved in the occurrence and development of insulin resistance.

    Association of serum soluble CD40 ligand and carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetics with acute cerebral infarction
    LIU Chang-sheng, SI Qing-ying, WANG Xia, REN Jian-min
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  27-29. 
    Abstract ( 889 )   PDF (374KB) ( 290 )   Save
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    Objective    To investigate the changes of serum concentrations of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and characteristics of carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetics with acute cerebral infarction, and then to explore the relationship between serum soluble CD40 ligand and carotid plaque stability. Methods    69 patients of  type 2 diabetes mellitus with acute cerebral infarction(DACI group), 32 subjects with simple type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM group), and 28 normal controls(NC group)were included. Serum levels of soluble CD40 ligand(sCD40L) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Fasting blood glucose, lipid, and glycohemoglobin A1c were detected. Intima-media thickness (IMT), plaque echogenicity and morpholog were detected by duplex color doppler ultrasound and the Crouse score was calculated. DACI group  was divided into the stable plaque subgroup and the unstable plaque subgroup according to ultrasound results. Results    There were  significant differences in  sCD40L, IMT, the prevalence of carotid plaques and Crouse score among the three groups(P<0.05). Compared with NC group  and DM group, DACI group mainly exhibited unstable plaques. Furthermore, serum sCD40L levels in patients with unstable plaques were higher than those with stable plaques (P<0.05). The level of serum sCD40L was positively related with IMT(r=0.733,P<0.01), Crouse score(r=0.645, P<0.01), HbA1c(r=0.272,P<0.05), and triglyceride(TG)(r=0.276,P<0.05). Conclusion    Among type 2 diabetic patients, high-circulating sCD40L levels may promote carotid atherosclerosis and carotid plaque instability.

    Relationships between gastric emptying and plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels in the early stages of streptozotocininduced diabetic rats
    WU Jun1,2, WEI Liangzhou 2, TIAN Zibin 2 , LI Yanqing 1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  30-33. 
    Abstract ( 908 )   PDF (407KB) ( 422 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate gastric emptying and plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels in the early stages of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and to explore the relationship between them.  MethodsForty Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal control group(NC group), the diabetes mellitus group(DM group), the low-dose insulin-treated group(LD group) and the high-dose insulin-treated group(HD group).  Rats were made diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Each rat in the LD group and HD group received 4U and 8U Humulin NPH by subcutaneous injection every day respectively. Two weeks after the STZ injection, gastric emptying,  plasma ghrelin levels and obestatin levels were determined. ResultsTwo weeks after the STZ injection, blood glucose levels and plasma ghrelin levels increased significantly in the DM group compared with those in the other three groups(P<0.01). Although the blood glucose levels still increased significantly in the HD group compared with those in the NC group(P<0.01), the plasma ghrelin levels had no statistical difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The plasma obestatin levels increased significantly in the DM, LD and HD groups compared with those in the NC group(P<0.01), but those in the other three groups had no statistical differences (P>0.05). Gastric emptying accelerated significantly in the DM group compared with those in the other three groups(P<0.01). Although gastric emptying slowed significantly in the HD group compared with those in the DM and LD groups(P<0.01), it accelerated significantly compared with that in the NC group(P<0.01). ConclusionThis study suggests that gastric emptying significantly accelerated during the early stages of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Elevated endogenous ghrelin may play  an important role in it and the role of endogenous obestatin needs further study.

    Impact of chronic arsenic poisoning on the dentate gyrus ultra-structure and the learning and memory of the adult mouse
    SUN Baofei 1, KANG Chaosheng 1, YU Zijiang 1, CHANG Aoshuang 2,LI Yufei 1 
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  34-38. 
    Abstract ( 1241 )   PDF (707KB) ( 254 )   Save
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    Objective   To study the effects of chronic arsenic poisoning on the  change of the dentate gyrus ultrastructure and  learning and memory in mice. Methods   80 healthy adult Kunming mice, weighting 20-22g, were divided into four groups: the normal control group, the low dose group, the middle dose group and the high dose group (10 males and 10 females in each group), which were fed with distilled water, 1/5 LD50, 1/10 LD50 and 1/40 LD50 AS2O3 for 3 months  respectively, and  the dose was adjusted according to their weight changes. Then the ability of learning and memory was tested by a Y-maze, and the ultra-structure of the dentate gyrus was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results    The ability of learning and memory of the high dose group was significantly lower than that of the normal control group(P<0.05), and some neurons of the dentate gyrus of each poisoned group showed a shrunken cellular membrane, diminished cell body and increased electron density of nuclear chromatin under transmission electron microscopy. Conclusion    Chronic arsenic poisoning might damage the ability of learning and memory in mice, which may be related with  damaged neurons of the dentate gyrus.

    Induction and mechanisms of resistance to quinolones in Mycoplasma pneumoniae
    WANG Xin 1, WU Dawei 1, GONG Yanwen 2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  39-43. 
    Abstract ( 1135 )   PDF (415KB) ( 279 )   Save
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    Objective    To investigate the effect of the subinhibitory concentration of quinolones on resistance to quinolones in Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and its mechanisms. Methods    To induce resistance to quinolones, the reference strain FH was cultured for several passages with three different quinolones at sub-inhibitory concentrations. DNA was extracted from the FH strain and in vitro drug-induced quinolone-resistant strains. The quinolone resistancedetermining regions(QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE in each strain were amplified with the corresponding primers by PCR and then sequenced. Results    The  FH  strain exhibited resistance or crossresistance to the three quinolones after  induction. In 6 drug-induced quinolone-resistant strains,the strains induced by levofloxacin had a substitute of Met95→Ile in the gyrA gene and a substitute of Asp87→Tyr in the parC gene; and the strains induced by Gatifloxacin had a substitute of Arg→Lys in the gyrB gene. No mis-sense mutation was detected in the parC gene. Conclusion    Longterm use of quinolones at sub-inhibitory concentration can contribute to resistance and cross-resistance of MP. The mutation of QRDR is closely associated with  quinolone-resistance.

    Effects of Lidocaine on the release and translocation of HMGB1 in macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide
    YE Ting, LEI Wei-fu, WANG Huan-liang, ZHANG Li, ZHOU Chang-qing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  44-47. 
    Abstract ( 1262 )   PDF (400KB) ( 266 )   Save
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    Objective    To investigate the effects of Lidocaine on  expression and translocation of the high mobility group box-l(HMGB1) in rat peritoneal macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). MethodsPeritoneal macrophages obtained from Wistar rats and incubated in 12-well tissue culture plates for 2-3 days were divided into 5 groups: the control group, LPS group, Lidocaine 2mg/L +LPS treatment group (L1+LPS treatment group), Lidocaine 20mg/L +LPS treatment group (L2+LPS treatment group) and the Lidocaine 200mg/L +LPS treatment group (L3+LPS treatment group). After 6, 12, 24 and 48h treatment, the concentrations of HMGB1 in the cell culture medium were measured by ELISA. The translocation of HMGB1 in rat peritoneal macrophages was observed by cellular immunochemistry. ResultsAfter rat peritoneal macrophages were stimulated by LPS, the LPS group showed that the release of HMGB1 was increased at 12h and reached the peak at 24h. Compared with the  LPS group, Lidocaine treatment groups decreased in release of HMGB1 in various degrees especially in the 20mg/L+LPS treatment group(P<0.05). Translocation of HMGB1 from the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm in the macrophage was  obviously suppressed. ConclusionLidocaine(20mg/L) obviously inhibits the release and translocation of HMGB1 in  rat peritoneal macrophages induced by LPS.

    Inhibitory effects of NEP mediated by adenovirus vector on amyloid beta peptide-induced SK-N-SH cell apoptosis
    ZHANG Jing, WANG Kun, YANG Lingling, DUAN Shan, CUI Xing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  48-52. 
    Abstract ( 1223 )   PDF (617KB) ( 361 )   Save
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    Objective    To investigate the inhibitory effects of neprilysin(NEP) on SK-N-SH cell apoptosis induced by neurotoxic amyloid beta peptide(Aβ25-35). Methods    The adenovirus vector carrying NEP was transfected into human embryonic kidney 293 cells by using LipofectaminTM 2000 and the adenovirus expressing exogenous genes was generated. Then the person nerve metrocyte lump cell SK-N-SH cells induced by Aβ25-35 were infected. Cell survival rate was measured by MTT. Cell apoptosis rate and  level of intracellular ROS were measured by flow cytometry. Expressions of the apoptosisassociated genes bax and bcl-2 in cells were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results    MTT and flow cytometry indicated that expression of NEP reduced  cell apoptosis rate and  level of intracellular ROS induced by Aβ25-35.RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the inhibitory effect of NEP on Aβ25-35-induced apoptosis might be exerted by reducing the expression level of bax and the level of intracellular ROS. Conclusion    Expression of NEP may exert  a neuro-protective effect on SH-N-SK cells induced by neurotoxic Aβ25-35, which might be associated with apoptosis-associated genes.

    Role of Nrf2 on the mechanism of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
    SHAO Luo-lin, XU Wei-hua, ZHOU Cheng-jun, WANG Hong-bo, GUO Jian-qiang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  53-56. 
    Abstract ( 1347 )   PDF (673KB) ( 244 )   Save
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    To study the change of expression of NF-E2-related Factor 2 (Nrf2) at different phases of mouse nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)induced by high fat diet. MethodsTwentysix female KM mice were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (normal diet)and the model group (high fat diet).All mice were sacrificed at the end of 8 or 12 weeks to test the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(CHOI), total bilirubin(TBIL), glucose(GLU), liver index and pathologic changes in the liver, also expression of Nrf2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. ResultsSimple fatty liver was observed in the model group at the end of 8th week, until the end of 12th week, and the liver gradually developed steatohepatitis. Compared with the control group, levels of ALT and CHOI increased, while Nrf2 expression in liver tissue was up-regulated(P<0.01). Compared with the 8th  week model group, Nrf2 expression in liver tissue was significantly higher in  the 12th week model group(P<0.01). Nrf2 expression was positively correlated with ALT, GLU,  CHOI and liver index(P<0.01). ConclusionWith the development of NAFLD,  expression of Nrf2 was up-regulated, which indicates that it may protect the liver from inflammation damage induced by oxidative stress.

    Effects of Niaoduqing on renal fibrosis of chronic renal failure rats
    QI Min 1, LIANG Su-ren 1, WANG Na 1, ZHEN Jun-hui 2, FENG Jin-bo 3,HU Zhao 1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  57-60. 
    Abstract ( 1148 )   PDF (743KB) ( 195 )   Save
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    Objective    To observe the effect of the combination of Niaoduqing on renal fibrosis of chronic renal failure rats. Methods    A total of 36 rats were allocated into 3 groups: the normal control group, the operation control group and the Niaoduqing group. The normal control group was given physiological saline and the other 2 groups were established by adriamycin and unilateral nephrectomy. The operation  group and the normal control group were given normal saline. The Niaoduqing group were given Niaoduqing for 8 weeks. At 4 weeks and 8 weeks, the 24-hour urinary protein excretion and renal function were observed. At 8 weeks there was pathological change of nephridial tissue, and immunohistochemistry was assayed to measure the expressions of α-SMA and collagenIV. Results    Higher expressions of α-SMA,COLIV and more severe glomerulosclerosis in the kidney(P<0.01), as well as more loss of renal function were observed in the operation group than  in the normal control group(P<0.01). Those changes were less severe in the Niaoduqing group than in the operation  group(P<0.01), suggesting Niaoduqing could significantly decrease expressions of α- SMA and COLIV, and also could slow down the loss of renal function. Conclusion    Niaoduqing could significantly reduce urinary protein excretion,  improve renal function, inhibit epithelial cell phenotypic change of renal tubules, and delay renal fibrosis.

    Roles of Th17interrelated cytokines in experimental allergic neuritis
    CAI Rui, TAN Xiao-dong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  61-65. 
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    Objective    To explore the roles of T helper cell 17(Th17)in experimental autoimmune neuritis(EAN) by observing expressions of Th17-interrelated cytokines IL-17 and IL-23. Methods    EAN was induced in Lewis rats by immunization with bovine peripheral myelin(BPM)and complete Freund′s adjuvant(CFA). The clinical score of rats and pathological changes in the sciatic nerve of rats were observed. Expressions of IL-17 and IL-23 protein and mRNA in the sciatic nerve were measured by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR technology. Results    Rats developed EAN with the maximum of clinical score on day 15 post-immunization(p.i). The peak number of IL-17-positive cells and maximum of IL-17 mRNA expression in the sciatic nerve were detected on day 15 p.i. However, the peak number of IL-23-positive cells and maximum of IL-23 mRNA expression in the sciatic nerve were detected on day 9 p.i. Conclusion    IL-17 plays an important role in the development of EAN and IL-23 correlates with induction of the disease.

    Genotoxicity of ranolazine
    ZHANG Cheng-mei 1, SHI Yan-qiu 1, SONG Wen-yan 2, XIN Qing 3, YIN Zhi-sheng 1, LIU Zhao-ping 1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  66-69. 
    Abstract ( 1158 )   PDF (403KB) ( 358 )   Save
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    Objective    To assess the drug safety of ranolazine by studying its genotoxicity. Methods    The Ames test, micronucleus test of mice bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes and sperm shape abnormality test were used to assess the genotoxicity of ranolazine. The Ames test included the methods of direct measurement and metabolism activation. The strains used in the Ames test were salmonella typhimurium histidine-deficient strain TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102. Six treatment groups of ranolazine (5000, 2500, 1000, 500, 250 and 125μg/plate) were used during the study, and reverse mutational and positive control groups were set at the same time. There were 3 different administration groups with 222, 111 and 55mg/kg ranolazine, a negative control group (Veh) as well as positive control groups (40mg/kg) in the micronucleus test of mice bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes and sperm shape abnormality test assay. Results    Compared with the control group, no statistical difference(P>0.05)in the number of colonies with back mutation per vessel in TA97,TA98,TA100 and TA102 strains treated with ranolazine at≤5000μg/plate with or without S9 activation was found. No dosagedependent relation was found. Moreover, within the dosage of 55-222mg/kg, both the induced micronuclei of mice bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes and the sperm shape abnormality rate showed no statistical difference(P>0.05)between ranolazine treated and control groups in mice. Conclusion    Ranolazine does not show its genetic toxicity within the dose range that was measured.

    Effect of exponential curve electric stimulus on  the treatment of primary osteoporosis
    DING Yan, CHEN Yun-zhen, LIU Hai-chun, CHEN Jian, ZHAO Hua, WANG Hong-liang, JIAO Guang-jun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  70-73. 
    Abstract ( 1292 )   PDF (604KB) ( 328 )   Save
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    Objective    To investigate the effect and mechanism of exponential curve electric stimulus on the treatment of primary osteoporosis. Methods    24 normal unmated female SD rats of 7 months age were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A(the sham group), group B(the ovariectomy group) and group C(the ovariectomy+ exponential curve electric stimulus group). Group B and group C were made models of osteoporosis 12 weeks after bilateral ovariectomy. The rats were executed after the measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) for the L4 vertebrae at the 24th week. Then biomechanical properties of the L4 vertebrae were determined. The collagen morphology of the L2 vertebrae was observed under a microscope after Masson triad color dyeing. The trabecular bone morphology was observed on HE staining sections of the L3 vertebrae. Results    ① The BMD and bone biomechanical properties of group C were superior to those of group B(P<0.05), but inferior to those of group A(P<0.05). ② The collagen and trabecular bone morphologies of group C were superior to those of group B. Conclusion    Exponential curve electric stimulus has a good therapeutic effect on primary osteoporosis.

    Protective effects of tauroursodeoxycholic acid on human lens epithelial cells in a high glucose environment
    JIANG Xin-tong 1,CAI Ke-li 1,GUO Yuan-yuan 1,WANG Rong 2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  74-77. 
    Abstract ( 1342 )   PDF (520KB) ( 260 )   Save
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    Objective    To investigate the effects and mechanisms of tauroursodeoxycholic acid(TUDCA)on human lens epithelial cells (hLECs)in  a high glucose medium. Methods    HLECs were incubated in DMEM with different concentrations of glucose  for 24h. A model of apoptotic hLECs was established and exposed to TUDCA(0.2,0.5,1.0,2.0mmol/L)for 24h. The proliferation of hLECs was determined by MTT. Morphologic evaluation of apoptotic cells was performed by Hoechst 33258 staining and the apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry(FCM)after staining of Annexin V-FITC and PI. Western blot was used to determine the expression of GRP78. Results    After glucose treatment for 24h, the inhibition of cell proliferation was increased  with glucose concentration increasing(P<0.01). Incubating the cells with high concentration of glucose(250mmol/L)for 24h inhibited the proliferation of hLECs and induced significant  cells apoptosis(P<0.01). The Apoptosis percentage of hLECs was decreased and expression of Bip/GRP78 was markedly inhibited after coincubation with TUDCA(P<0.05). Conclusions    Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in hLECs apoptosis induced by a high concentration of glucose. TUDCA inhibits hLECs apoptosis, thus protecting hLECs in vitro. The signal transduction mechanisms are related to endoplasmic reticulum stress.

    Construction and identification of the eukaryotic co-expression plasmid pIRES-IL-24-ES
    HAN Jian-jun 1, HU San-yuan 1, ZHI Xu-ting 1, LIANG Xiao-hong 2, XUE De-wen 3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  78-82. 
    Abstract ( 1102 )   PDF (448KB) ( 271 )   Save
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    Objective    To construct the eukaryotic co-expression plasmid encoding interleukin-24(IL-24) and endostatin(ES), and to detect expression of the plasmid in vitro. Methods    The cDNA encoding Il-24 and ES were obtained by RT-PCR amplifications from peripheral blood and normal fetus liver respectively and cloned into an eukaryotic expression plasmid internal ribosome entry site(pIRES). The co-nstructed plasmid pIRES-IL-24-ES was confirmed by restriction enzymolysis and DNA sequencing. Fibroblast NIH3T3 cells were transformed by plasmid pIRES-IL-24-ES. RT-PCR and ELISA were used to identify the coexpression of IL-24 and ES in NIH3T3 cells. Results    The eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES-IL-24-ES was  successfully constructed and the plasmid could  efficiently co-express IL-24 and ES in NIH3T3 cells. Conclusion    The successful construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid pIRES-IL-24-ES establishes an experimental basis for cancer treatment.

    Expression of molealar imaging marker folate receptor alpha in pancreatic cancer and its significance
    ZHENG Hong-min
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  83-85. 
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    Objective    To observe expression of folate receptor α in pancreatic cancer in order to evaluate its utility as a molecular imaging target for pancreatic cancer magnetic resonance (MR) diagnosis.  Methods    Folate receptor α expression was evaluated by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry in pancreatic cancer, normal pancreatic tissues, paratumoral and para-tumoral tissues,  and the relationship between folate receptor α expression and clinicopathological parameters was also analyzed.  Results    Folate receptor α was overexpressed in most pancreatic cancer tissues (97.4%, 72/76), but not in the normal controls. Furthermore, up-regulation of folate receptor α was associated with pancreatic cancer metastasis.  Conclusion    Folate-based contrast agents might be helpful in pancreatic cancer MR imaging.

    Expressions of ERCC1 and AKT1 in gastric cancer tissues and pericarcinoma tissues and their clinical significance
    LIU Mei-rong, WANG Wei-bo
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  86-89. 
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    Objective    To study expression of ERCC1 and AKT1 in gastric cancer tissues  and to analyze the relationship between expression and PFS. Methods    51 cases of expressions of ERCC1 and AKT1 in gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues were detected by RT-PCR.The prognosis was observed and statistically analyzed. Result    In 51 cases, the ERCC1(+) was 61% and AKT1(+) was 71%.The positive expressive rates of ERCC1 and AKT1 were higher in adjacent normal tissues than in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues. There was statistical difference in  expressions of ERCC1 and AKT1 with or without lymph node metastasis. The prognosis of patients of ERCC1(+) and AKT1(+)was better in stage Ⅰ, while poor in stages Ⅰ-Ⅳ. Conclusion    The positive expressive rates of ERCC1 and AKT1 in adjacent normal gastric cancer are higher than in gastric tissues.The prognosis of ERCC1(+) and AKT1(+) is better in stage Ⅰ, but poor in stages Ⅱ-Ⅳ.

    Expressions of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor c-met in breast carcinoma and their relationship to lymphangiogenesis  and lymphatic metastasis
    WANG Jing-nan 1, ZHANG Nan-2, ZHAO Jian-qiang 2, GAO Ai-qin 3, LIN Wen-li 3, SUN Yu-ping 2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  90-93. 
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    Objective    To determine expressions of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor c-met, and to evaluate their relationship to lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in breast carcinoma. Methods    Applying the immunohistochemical SP method, lymphatic vessels and expressions of HGF and c-met were detected in 70 breast carcinomas and 22 mammary benign neoplasms. And the lymphatic micro-vessel density (LMVD) was counted. The relationship of HGF and c-met to LMVD and the clinicopathological features of breast carcinoma were then analyzed. Results    HGF/c-met were highly expressed in breast carcinoma, and their expression positive rates were significantly higher than those in benign neoplasm(HGF: 61.43% vs 31.82%, c-met: 80.00% vs 45.45%, both P<0.05). The LMVD of breast carcinoma was significantly higher than that of benign neoplasm (using Rank Test, U=366.00, P<0.05 ). Higher LMVD was found in breast carcinoma with HGF- or c-metpositive expression than in that with negative expression[HGF:(17.00±5.23) vs (10.36±4.12), t=5.594, P<0.05; c-met: (15.64±5.50) vs (9.65±4.46), t=3.769, P<0.05]. Expressions of HGF and c-met were positively correlated with TNM stage and lymph nodemetastasis (both P<0.05). Conclusion    Over-expressions of HGF and c-met can promote breast carcinoma lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis.

    Expressions of VEGF-C and LYVE-1 in epithelial ovarian neoplasm and their clinical significance
    CHAI Xin-hua 1,2, LIU Pei-shu 1,LIU Su-hua 2,YANG Mei-xiang 1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  94-97. 
    Abstract ( 1048 )   PDF (485KB) ( 475 )   Save
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    To investigate expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor-C(VEGF-C)and lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1(LYVE-1) and their relationship to the clinico-pathological factors in epithelial ovarian tumors. MethodsThe immunohistochemical SP method was used to detect VEGF-C and LYVE-1 expressions in 61 surgical specimens from patients with epithelial ovarian neoplasm and  their relationship to clinical pathological factors was analyzed. Results①VEGF-C and LYVE- expressions in epithelial ovarian carcinoma were significantly higher than those in borderline -ovarian tumors and ovarian benign tumors(P<0.01); ②VEGF-C and LYVE-1 expressions in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer were obviously related to clinical stage and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05) while notrelated to age, histological grade and histological type(P>0.05). ConclusionVEGF-C plays an important role in lymphatic metastasis of epithelial ovarian tumors.

    Heterogeneity of human peripheral and decidual monocytes of women in early pregnancy
    ZHANG Yun 1,2, SUN Jin-tang 2, HUANG Xian-liang 3, YANG Mei-xiang 2,SHAO Qian-qian 2, DENG Bi-ping 2, XU Xiao-fei 3,MAO Hai-ting 2, DONG Ba
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  98-101. 
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    Objective    To analyze the distribution of human CD14+CD16- and CD14+CD16+ monocyte subsets in peripheral blood and decidua of women in early pregnancy. Methods    Peripheral blood samples were collected from early pregnant and nonpregnant females. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the fresh decidua of early pregnant females by mechanical trituration and Ficoll gradient centrifugation. The fluorescent intensity of the cells was detected by FCM. Results    The percentage of the peripheral CD14+CD16- monocyte subtype in early pregnant females was lower than that in  non-pregnant controls(P<0.01). CD14+CD16+ cells (69.13%±7.73%)  and were the major monocyte subset in the decidua of early pregnant females. Conclusion    CD14+CD16+ monocytes become the predominant cell subpopulation of women in early pregnancy. It has been demonstrated that CD14+CD16+ monocyte-derived dendritic cells are efficient producers of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, so CD14+CD16+ monocytes  might play an important role in forming and keeping the dominance of TH2 cytokine during early pregnancy.

    Relations of pregnancy and its relevant factors with primigravidae stress urinary incontinence
    SHI Peijing1,2, LIU Peishu1, MAO Hongluan1, CHEN Fumei3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  102-105. 
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    Objective  To study the effect of pregnancy relative factors on primigravida stress urinary incontinence(SUI), and the mobility of the urethrovesical junction (UVJ-M) at different periods of pregnancy. Methods  A questionnaire survey was conducted in 182 primigravida, including SUI patients(n=78) and non-SUI patients(n=104).  International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICI-Q-SF) and the UVJ-M of the patients were measured by perineal sonographic at 6-10, 24-28, 36-40 gestational weeks and 6-8weeks after delivery. Results  ① The incidence of SUI at 6-10, 24-28, 36-40 gestational weeks and 6-8 weeks after delivery was 3.85%, 13.19%, 25.82% and 2.20%, respectively, and there were signficant differences among them(P<0.05). ② The UVJM at 6-10, 24-28, 36-40 gestational weeks and 6-8weeks after delivery was (3.26±1.62)mm, (4.67±1.47)mm,  (6.65±1.12)mm [JP2]and (2.64±0.97)mm, [JP]respectively, and there were significant differences among them(P<0.05).  ③ There[JP][JP2] were a significant differences in UVJ-M between SUI patients and non-SUI patients at the same period of pregnancy (P<0.05).  Conclusions  The incidence of SUI and UVJ-M is elevated with the increase of gestational weeks. The UVJ-M of SUI patients is increased at the same period of pregnancy compared with that of non-SUI
     patients.

    Significance of high dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe handfootmouth disease
    XUE Ning, WANG Jiwen, ZHANG Hongwei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  106. 
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    Objective  To discuss the therapeutic effect of high dose methylprednisolone impaction in the treatment of severe hand-foot-mouth disease.  Methods  According to whether high dose methylprednisolone was used, severe hand-foot-mouth disease cases were divided into 2 groups: the hormone impaction group and the non-hormone impaction group. Clinical information was compared and analyzed for each group. Results  The febrile duration, CNS involvement duration, time of staying in hospital, blood pressure, and recovery rate in 2 groups were not signinficantly different(P>0.05).  But, in the hormone impaction group, the heart rate, breathing rate, and serum glucose were much higher than in the non-hormone impaction group,  which demonstrated a significant difference(P<0.05). Conclusion  High dose methylprednisolone impaction in the treatment of severe hand-foot-mouth disease could not shorten the course and improves prognosis. This study did not support the efficiency of high dose methylprednisolone impaction in the treatment of severe hand-foot-mouth disease.

    Roles of different subtypes of CD4+ T lymphocytes in IFN-α therapy for hepatitis B
    WANG Can, SU Liang, SHEN Fei, CHEN Shi-jun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  109-112. 
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    Objective   To study the roles of different subtypes of CD4+ T lymphocytes in IFN-α therapy for hepatitis B. Methods  Th17, Th1 and Th2 cytokines were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in 54 hepatitis B patients before and 24 weeks after IFNα treatment. Patients were grouped according to responses to IFN-α therapy. The data were analyzed by t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results    The level of IL-17 was slightly lower 24 weeks after IFN-α treatment than that at pretreatment(P>0.05);  the level of IFN-γ was slightly increased(P>0.05); and the level of IL-4 was substantially decreased(P<0.01). In patients with a complete response to IFNα, the level of IFNγ was obviously increased(P<0.01); and the levels of IL-17 and IL-4 were significantly decreased(P<0.05; P<0.01). Conclusion    During IFN-α therapy, the functions of Th17 and Th2 are down-regulated and the function of Th1 is up-regulated in chronic hepatitis B.

    Role of sipulin injection in comprehensive treatment of lung cancer in medium and terminal stages
    CHEN Yan-ping, LIU Yun-cong, WU Hai-xia
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  113. 
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    Objective   To observe the clinical effects of sipulin combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Methods  147 patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the sipulin group was treated with sipulin combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy(n=75) and the control group was only treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy(n=72). The methods of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were identical in the two groups. The sipulin group received intravenous infusions of sipulin(10mL in 250mL 0.9% NS) for 14 days, 4-6 cycles (21days in one cycle). The clinical indexes were observed and analyzed. Results   The efficiency rate was 60.0% in the sipulin group and 48.6% in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). The 1-and 2-year survival rates in the sipulin group (58.9% and 41.1%)were significantly higher than those in the control group (42.3% and 25.4%) (P<0.05). The quality of life  and the counts of T and NK cells after treatment in the sipulin group were significantly increased. The decline of the hematocyte count, the side effect of the alimentary tract and radioesophagitis were  evidently reduced in the sipulin group compared with the control group. Conclusion  Sipulin injection is effective and safe as an adjuvant in radiotherapy and chemotherapy for lung cancer in medium and terminal stages.

    Prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with  hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  116-119. 
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    Objective   To study the prevalence of Fabry disease in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(HCM). Methods   We screened the plasma αgalactosidase A activity in 427 patients with HCM. Patients with low activity (0-30% of that in the normal controls in men, and 0-50% in women) underwent genetic study of the GLA gene. Those patients with low enzymatic activity and disease-causing mutations in the GLA gene were diagnosed as having Fabry disease. Results   Thirteen patients had a lower enzymatic activity compared with the normal controls(P<0.05). Four men and one woman had GLA mutations: A143T, E358del, S238N, G1170A and G1168A. We found 3 carriers in the female patient′s family. The prevalence of Fabry disease in the population with HCM was 1.2%. More of the patients with Fabry disease had kidney disease and a family history of kidney disease compared with the other patients with HCM(P<0.05). Conclusion    Patients with Fabry disease are often misdiagnosed as having HCM, so before diagnosing HCM to those HCM patients complicated by kidney disease, we should differentiate them from patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

    Association between mild cognitive impairment and neprilysin gene rs3736187 polymorphism
    XU Mingming, YI Yonghong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  120-123. 
    Abstract ( 1039 )   PDF (389KB) ( 267 )   Save
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    Objective   To study the different distribution of the neprilysin (NEP) gene rs3736187 polymorphisms in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal healthy people. Methods   120 patients with MCI and 120 normal controls were examined with the neuropsychological test which included the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), activities of daily living scale (ADL), global deterioration scale(GDS) and Hachinski ischemic scale(HIS).  NEP gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCRrestriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Case-control analysis was adopted to analyze frequencies of the genotype and allele. Results  (1) Distribution of genotypes and alleles of the NEP gene had significant differences between the MCI group and the control group. Frequency of the T allele in the MCI group was higher than that in the normal controls (P<0.05). (2) People carrying the T allele had a higher incidence of MCI than people with the C allele (OR=2.212, P<0.05). (3) The frequency of the T allele in female patients was higher than that in female controls (P<0.05). Conclusion  The T allele of NEP may be one of the risk factors of MCI, and may play a significant role in the incidence of MCI in females.

    MR imaging features of spinal cord ependymoma
    LIU Shengyuan, ZHANG Jing, LI Wei, ZHANG Quan, ZHANG Yunting
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  124-126. 
    Abstract ( 1203 )   PDF (423KB) ( 407 )   Save
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    Objective   To analyze the MR imaging features of spinal cord ependymoma and to improve diagnostic accuracy. Methods   Twenty-seven patients with histologically proved spinal cord ependymoma were included. MR imaging feature analysis included tumor location, size, pattern of growth, signal intensity, cysts in or adjacent to the tumor, hemosiderin deposition, and enhancement pattern. Results   All tumors showed centric and expansible growth, and the average number of vertebral segments involved by tumors was 3.6. The tumors mainly presented with slightly long T1 and mixed long T2 signal intensity. 60% of the cases showed cysts in or adjacent to the tumors, 26% showed ‘cap sign’, and 90% demonstrated homogeneously or heterogeneously obvious enhancement. Conclusions   Spinal cord ependymomas have some MRI features, which are helpful to make correct diagnosis before operation.

    Relationship between Toll-like receptor 4 protein and atherosclerosis
    GONG Yuling1,2,XING Shanshan3,ZHANG Wei4,XING Qichong1,2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  127-130. 
    Abstract ( 1074 )   PDF (504KB) ( 332 )   Save
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    Objective    To investigate the changes of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the aortas of patients with coronary atherosclerosis and its association with atherosclerotic risk factors. Methods    63 pieces of aorta tissues from 31 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery were taken as the study group. Another 32 pieces of aorta tissues from 8 healthy young men through the kidney donation program were taken as control. Expression of TLR4 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry. The relationships of TLR4 protein expression and the risk factors of atherosclerosis, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, hyperglycemia, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG) were analyzed. Results   TLR4 protein was detectable in aortas from CABG patients. However, it was absent in the control aorta tissues. Expression of TLR4 protein was correlated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased LDL-C and decreased HDL-C (P<0.05), but not correlated with age, gender, smoking, TC and TG (P>0.05). Conclusion   Our study demonstrates that the TLR4 protein may be an initiator factor of atherosclerosis. The risk factors including hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased LDL-C and decreased HDL-C which work partly through the TLR4 signal pathway.

    Effect of YH-16 on blood pressure, coagulation and fibrinolytic-function of malignant tumors treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy
    WANY Yang1,HU Likuan1,WANY Jiao1,WANY Cuihong1,ZHANG Yong2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  131. 
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    Objective   To observe the changes of blood pressure, coagulation and fibrinolytic function of malignant tumor treated with YH-16 united with 3DCRT, and discuss the possibility of hypertension, hemorrhage and thromboembolism caused by YH-16. Methods   30 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (15 patients) received 3DCRT, and the YH-16 group (15 patients) was treated with YH-16 15mg, iv drip, d1~14 when receiving 3DCRT. Serum PT, APTT, Fib, and  D-dimer were measured with an automatic coagulometer on d 0, 3, 7, 14 when YH16 was used. Blood pressure was measured twice in the morning and evening every other day during the treatment. Results    PT and FIb of the YH-16 group on d7, 14 but not APTT, TT, D-dimer, blood pressure, significantly changed in relation to those of the control group. Conclusion    YH-16 impacts the coagulation function of malignant tumor patients.

    Effect of low-dose ketamine on brain injury in patients undergoing open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  134-137. 
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    Objective   To investigate if low-dose ketamine can alleviate brain injury in patients undergoing open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and explore its possible mechanisms. Methods   Forty patients undergoing selective open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were randomly divided into two groups: the ketamine group (n=20) and the control group (n=20). In the ketamine group patients received ketamine(0.5mg/kg) intravenous injection after induction of anesthesia;In the control group patients received an equal volume of normal saline instead of ketamine. Blood samples were taken from the internal jugular vein before anesthesia(T1), before CPB(T2), 30 minutes after CPB(T3), at the end of CPB(T4), 4 hours(T5) and 24 hours (T6)-after the end of CPB. Serum S100β protein was determined by the ELLSA method, and TNF-α and IL-6 were assayed by radioimmunoassay. The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores on the day before surgery and 3 days after surgery were recorded to evaluate  brain function. Results   The plasma level of S100β significantly increased from T3 to T5,  as compared with the baseline value at T1 in both groups; S100β protein levels in the ketamine group were significantly lower than those in the control group from T3 to T5 (P<0.05). The plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-6 significantly increased from T3 to T6, as compared with the baseline value at T1 in both groups,  and TNF-α and IL-6 in the ketamine group were significantlylower than those in the control group from T3 to T5(P<0.05). MMSE scores in the ketamine group were higher than those in the control group, and the incidence of cognitive decline was lower than that in the control group. Conclusion   Low-dose ketamine can alleviate brain injury in patients undergoing openheart surgery with CPB, and its suppression of inflammatory reaction after CPB may be its partial mechanism.

    Periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque of patients with coronary atherosclerosis and periodontal disease
    WANG Lei1, ZHANG Mei2, WU Ting3, SUN Qinfeng3, YANG Pishan3,WEI Fengcai1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  138-140. 
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    Objective    To explore the pathogens in sub-gingival plaque of patients with coronary heart disease and periodontitis, and to discuss the relationship between periodontal disease and coronary heart disease. Methods   All patients with chronic periodontitis in this study were randomly selected. Patients without coronary heart disease including 25 males and 18 females were selected as the control group and patients with coronary heart disease including 23 males and 17 females were selected as the experimental group. All patients underwent a clinical periodontal examination including probing depth (PD), bleeding probing (BOP), and attachment loss (AL). Subgingival plaque was collected. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was used to test the two groups′ subgingival plaque with five pathogens: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Bacteroides forsythus (Bf) and Treponema denticola (Td). Results   There were significant differences in periodontal indexes between the two groups. In the statistical analysis for the realtime PCR of five pathogens, only the result of Pg showed a significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions    The periodontal indexes of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group. Periodontitis patients with a high content of pg have a high incidence ofcoronary heart disease.

    A comparison of different adductor tendon transpositions for correction of hallux valgus
    WEI Baofu, PEI Guoxian, WANG Dan, SUN Yongjian
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  141-143. 
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     Objective    To compare the effect of different adductor tendon transpositions for correction of hallux valgus. Methods   The data of 27 patients (36 feet), who were operated with modified McBride procedure between 2004 and 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. The adductor tendon was sutured to the lateral capsule(group A) in 14 cases (19 feet), or sutured to the medial capsule through a bone hole(group B) in 13 cases (17 feet). The follow-up period was 30 to 36 months.  The hallux valgus angle (HVA),the 1st2nd intermetatarsal angle(IMA) and the American Orthopaedic Footand Ankle Score (AOFAS)pre-and postoperatively in each group were recorded. Results   In group A the improvement of HVA, IMA and AOFAS were (14.9±3.7)°,(4.2±1.2)° and 45±5 respectively, in group B they were (18.1±4.3)°, (6.4±2.6)°and 48±6 respectively. The statistical difference was significant in HVA and  IMA,  but there was no statistical difference in AOFAS. Conclusion   Clinical satisfaction was similar in the two groups. The effect of the adductor tendon sutured to the medial capsule through a bone hole was better than that in correction of HVA and IMA.

    Application of MR diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in differentiating benignskeletal lesions from malignant ones
    CAO Jinfeng1, LIN Xiangtao1,2, WANG Guangbin2, XIAO Lianxiang1,MIAO Mingming1, YANG Jinyong3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  144-148. 
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    Objective    To assess the diagnostic potential of DWI and DCE-MRI in differentiating benign from malignant skeletal lesions. Methods   DWI was performed on 47 patients and DCE-MRI on 36 patients using the Siemens Sonata 1.5T MR scanner. The ADC value was measured on DWI and SEE, and slope value and TIC type were gained on DCEMRI. Subjective overall performance of the two techniques was evaluated with ROC analysis. Results   ① The ADC value of benign and malignant groups was (171.15±46.96)×10-5mm2/s, (100.14±26.47)×10-5mm2/s(P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy was 86.4%; ② In 36 patients, the Ⅲ curve was found in 24 (malignant for 22 and benign for 2),  theⅡcurve in 5 andⅠcurve in 7 (all were benign). As the Ⅲ curve was considered malignant and Ⅰ, Ⅱ curve were regarded as benign, the diagnostic accuracy of TIC type was 94.3%;  ③ SEE was  227.96±172.08and 325.6± 125.86 in benign and malignant groups respectively(P>0.05), and slope value was (0.97±0.67)%/s and (2.53±0.91)%/s (P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of slope value was 91.4%. Conclusion   ① DCE-MRI was more valuable than DWI in differentiating benign from malignant skeletal masses. The diagnostic accuracy of the TIC type was highest; ② The D combined use of CE-MRI and DWI can promote the accuracy in diagnosing suspicious skeletal masses.

    Expression and significance of FOXP3 in normal skin and epidermis neoplasms
    XU Yanjing, GUO Shulan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  149-151. 
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    Objective    To investigate the expression and significance of FOXP3 in normal skin and lesions of different epidermis neoplasms. Methods    The immunohistochemical EnVision method was applied to detect expression of FOXP3 in 20 seborrheic keratosis(SK),19 actinic keratosis(AK), 21 Bowen′s disease (BD), 13 squamous cell carcinoma(SCC), and 13 normal skin controls. Results    The positive rates of FOXP3positive lymphocytes in lesions of SK, AK, BD and SCC were higher than that in normal skin tissue(P<0.01). There was a significant difference in expression of FOXP3 among the SK,AK,BD and SCC lesions(P<0.01). The positive rate of FOXP3positive lymphocytes in AK lesions was higher than that in SK lesions(P<0.05). The positivity rates of FOXP3-positive lymphocytes in BD and SCC lesions were both higher than that in AK lesions(P<0.05), while no significant difference in expression of FOXP3 between lesions of BD and SCC was observed(P>0.05). Conclusions    FOXP3positive lymphocytes gradually increase in epidermis neoplasms from benign to malignant tumors. They may play an important role in immune escape of epidermal tumors and promote their occurrence and development.

    Present situation of detection and management of  tuberculosis patients by village doctors
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  152. 
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    Objective    To study the ability of village doctors in tuberculosis (TB) case detection and management. Methods    The sample was randomly chosen with the cluster-based sampling method and the subjects were interviewed by using a self-made questionnaire. Results   37.6 % of village doctors had found TB symptoms and suspects; village doctors contributive degree in TB case detection was 74.5%; 36.2% of the village doctors had managed TB patients, and TB patients managed degree was 84.1%; 83.0% of the village doctors had education on tuberculosis prevention and cure for people and TB patients. Conclusions    Village doctors do not achieve the desired results in TB case detection and management. A TB-related training program for village doctors should be reinforced, and the realization of DOTS (directly observed treatment, shortcourse) policy and the quality of village doctors should be improved.

    Health seeking behavior of rural tuberculosis patients in Shandong Province
    SUN Qiang1, MENG Qingyue1, LI Renzhong2, LU Chuanling3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  155-158. 
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    Objective    To explore the health seeking behavior of rural tuberculosis (TB) patients in Shandong Province. Methods    Three counties in Shandong Province were selected as study sites, and a total of 247 new smear-positive rural patients registered in the county TB dispensary were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Results   Nearly 75% of rural TB patients visited at least two healthcare providers before they went to the county TB dispensary. 58% of TB patients made the village clinic the health institution of choice in the health-seeking process, of which 75% were initially diagnosed as having a cold. From village clinic to county hospital then to county TB dispensary, from county hospital to county TB dispensary, and from village clinic to township health center then to county TB dispensary are the main health seeking models. Conclusion   Rural TB patients have to go to many health institutions before they get standard anti-TB treatment. Visiting the village clinic first results in a more complex health-seeking process.

    Assessing the general mental health of college students:psychometric properties of GHQ-28
    CHEN Cui, ZHANG Hongjing, JIANG Hong, LI Wenjie, Lv Li
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2010, 48(3):  159-162. 
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    Objective   To check the psychometric properties of GHQ-28 in college students. Methods   Three questionnaires, GHQ-28, SAS, and SDS, were used to assess 248 college students. Then the item-analysis was used to analyze each item of the GHQ-28,  the Cronbach′s α of the GHQ-28 was checked,  factor analysis was used to check the structure validity of the GHQ-28 and the SAS and SDS was applied to check the criterion validity of the GHQ-28. Results    The correlations between each item of the GHQ-28 and its scales were positive (P<0.01). The reliabilities of the whole scale and the part scales were 0.872, 0.767, 0.667, 0.756 and 0.700. The GHQ28 contains four factors, and the aberration rate of them was 48.381% of the total. The GHQ-28 factors′ levels of students with high scores in SAS were higher than those low in SAS, as well as in SDS (P<0.001). The correlations of the GHQ-28 and SAS, SDS were 0.707 and 0.749. Conclusion    The GHQ-28 has good reliability and validity when it measures the general mental health of college students.