Table of Content

  

16 May 2016
Volume 54 Issue 5

A recombinant adenovirus fiber knob protein sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cetuximab therapy

XIAO Junchao, JIANG Wen, NAN Hui, WANG Peirong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  1-5.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.222

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Objective To investigate whether Ad35K++ could enhance complement dependent cytotoxicity(CDC)triggered by cetuximab to ovarian cancer, and to explore the possible mechanisms. Methods The SK-OV-3 cells were incubated with Ad35K++, followed by cetuximab and normal human serum(NHS)treatment. CD46 expression of SK-OV-3 cells and apoptosis rate were measured with flow cytometry. The cell inhibition rate was detected with MTT array. The expression of Bcl-2 family and activation of caspase-3 were tested with Western blotting. Results CD46 level on the surface of SK-OV-3 cells was dramatically decreased after being incubated with Ad35K++. Ad35K++ sensitized SK-OV-3 cells to CDC triggered by cetuximab in vitro and enhanced complement mediated apoptosis. The expressions of Bax, cleaved-caspase 3, cleaved-PARP were upregulated and the expression of Bcl-2 was down-regulated. Conclusion Ad35K++ could enhance CDC triggered by cetuximab to ovarian cancer via the activation of mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway.

The effects of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor on the proliferation of breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and prostate cancer cell line 22RV1 with BRCA and PTEN gene silencing

LIU Xiangyong, SUN Ying, LI Li

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  6-11.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.648

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Objective To evaluate the proliferative effects of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1(PARP-1)inhibitor on breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with breast cancer susceptibility(BRCA)genes silencing and prostate cancer cell line 22RV1 with phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten(PTEN)silencing. Methods BRCA1/PTEN-targeted small interfering double-stranded RNAs(siRNA)were introduced into MCF-7/22RV1 cells by Lipofectamine TM2000A, respectively. The viability of cells treated with PARP inhibitor was measured by CCK-8 assay. Cell distribution of cell cycle was determined by flow cytometry. Levels of BRCA1, PTEN, RAD51, PARP, and NF-κB protein were measured by Western blotting. Results PARP inhibitor AG014699 inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 with BRCA1 genes silencing and 22RV1 with PTEN silencing in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and blocked the cell cycle in G2/M. RAD51 and NF-κB protein expressions in the proliferation of MCF-7 with BRCA1 genes silencing and 22RV1 with PTEN silencing were decreased. Conclusion Significant growth inhibition could be observed upon PARP inhibitor AG014699 in cells with BRCA1 and PTEN-associated DNA repair defects, indicating that AG014699 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷5期 - 刘相永,等.PARP-1抑制剂对BRCA1基因沉默的乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7及PTEN基因沉默的前列腺癌细胞株22RV1增殖的影响 \=-could markedly inhibit the proliferation of cells possibly due to the attenuation of RAD51 and NF-κB activity.

Expression of histone methyltransferase SMYD3 in prostate cancer tissues and its role in mTOR pathway

XIA Chuanyou, LI Luchao, LI Xiaofeng, YAN Keqiang, ZHANG Nianzhao, FAN Yidong, LIU Cheng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  12-16.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.1257

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Objective To determine the expression of histone methyltransferase SMYD3 in prostate cancer tissues and to explore its role and mechanism in prostate cancer progression. Methods The expression of SMYD3 in 33 pairs of prostate cancer tissues and matched non-tumor tissues were detected with immunohistochemical staining. Prostate cancer cell line LNCaP and PC3 were transfected with siRNA and SMYD3 over-expressing vectors, respectively, to evaluate their growth. The expressions of proteins involved in mTOR pathway were evaluated with Western blotting. Results Prostate cancer had over-expressed SMYD3 compared with non-tumor normal tissues. The SMYD3 expression could be found in both nucleus and cytoplasm. SMYD3 abundance had a positive correlation with cell proliferation. The number of LNCaP cells was lower in SMYD3 siRNA group compared with the control group, and the number of PC3 cells was higher in SMYD3-PC vector group than in the control group. The depletion of the enzyme could down-regulate the expression of p-mTOR(P<0.05)and p-p70S6K(P<0.05), while the expression of p-4EBP-1(P<0.05)could be up-regulated; the trend of protein expression in mTOR pathway in PC3 was similar to that in LNCaP. Conclusion SMYD3 is over-expressed in prostate cancer tissues compared with non-tumor tissues, and SMYD3 can be expressed both in nucleus and cytoplasm. The expression of SMYD3 can activate the growth of prostate cancer cells by activating mTOR pathway.

Effects of EGCG on PRMT1, DDAH, ADMA and NOS pathway in corpus cavernosum of aged rats

CHEN Dong, MA Zhuanchang, LI Bo, SUN Dingqi, ZHANG Keqin, ZHANG Hui, FU Qiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  17-22.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.688

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Objective To elucidate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)on protein arginine methyltransferase 1(PRMT1), dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases(DDAH), asymmetrical dimethylarginine(ADMA), and nitric oxide synthase(NOS)pathway in corpus cavernosum of aged rats, and to investigate the possible mechanisms. Methods A total of 30(erectile dysfunction)ED rats were screened among 40 18-month-old male SD rats, and randomly divided into the aged group(n=10), small dose group(daily gavage feedings of EGCG at doses of 10 mg/kg for 12 weeks, n=10)and large dose group(daily gavage feedings of EGCG at doses of 100 mg/kg for 12 weeks, n=10). Another 10 3-month-old rats served as controls. After 12 weeks, the maximal intracavernous pressure(Max ICP), mean arterial blood pressure(MAP)and Max ICP/MAP were determined. The animals were then sacri- 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷5期 -陈东,等.EGCG对老龄大鼠阴茎组织中PRMT1、DDAH、ADMA、NOS通路的影响 \=-ficed to harvest penis tissues. PRMT1, DDAH and NOS levels were detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. ADMA and cGMP levels were assessed with ELISA. The MDA level and SOD activity were also detected. Results Compared with the control group, the aged group had decreased Max ICP/MAP, DDAH, NOS, cGMP and SOD activity(all P<0.05). Compared with the aged group, small and large dose group had significantly increased Max ICP/MAP, SOD activity, cGMP, DDAH and NOS levels, but decreased MDA, ADMA, and PRMT1(all P<0.05). Conclusion EGCG treatment could ameliorate erectile function in aged rats via upregulating PRMT1, DDAH, ADMA and NOS pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress.

Tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis promotes expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and collagen Ⅰ in rat cardiac fibroblasts via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway

JU Yuanyuan, REN Manyi, LI Rui, ZHAO Mengmeng, SUI Shujian

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  23-28.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.212

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Objective To explore the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis(TWEAK)mediating the expression of MMP2 and collagen Ⅰ in cultured neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts(CFs). Methods CFs were isolated and cultured using trypsin enzyme digestion technique. The protein expression of phosphorylated-ERK(p-ERK1/2)was detected with Western blotting, and then the optimal interventional concentration and duration of rhTWEAK and inhibitor PD98059 on ERK1/2 pathway in CFs were determined. The protein and mRNA expressions of MMP2 and collagen Ⅰ were investigated subsequently with real-time PCR(RT-PCR)and Western blotting. The effects of different treatments on cell proliferation were assessed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MMT). Results The 100 μg/L TWEAK significantly upregulated the protein expression of p-ERK1/2, improved the expressions of MMP2 and collagen Ⅰ at the transcriptional and translational level, and promoted cell proliferation. PD98059 inhibited the protein and mRNA expressions of MMP2 and collagen Ⅰ as well as the proliferation of CFs by blocking ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Conclusion TWEAK promotes the expression of MMP2 and collagen Ⅰ in CFs via ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Screening and separation of anti-tuberculosis active substances from Actinomycete co-evolution with Spongilla

FENG Lu, MENG Fanchao

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  29-33.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.700

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Objective To screen and separate anti-tuberculosis active substances from Actinomycete metabolite co-evolutionary with Spongilla. Methods The monoclonal colony of different kinds of actinomycete co-evolutionary with Spongilla from the South China Sea were separated by the plate dilute method, and the anti-tuberculosis ability of the cultured supernatant was detected. Aaccording to molecular weight and polarity, the anti-tuberculosis active substances of strains were selected out and cultured for further separation by HPLC. Meanwhile, the genome DNA of NH128 strains were extracted and the 16S rRNA were amplified by PCR for sequencing. Results Of the 416 strains, 6 positive strains, in which the supernatant of NH128 strain showed a significant anti-tuberculosis H37Rv activity, were selected out. After the further separation, the component F3 and its sub-fraction S3, whose MIC50 component was about 3 μg/mL, of the supernatant of NH128 strain showed strong anti-tuberculosis activities. The NH128 strain was highly homologous with Streptomyces Aclinomycetales bacterium(R03 AY944262)in 99%. Conclusion Actinomycete co-evolutionary with spongilla in South China Sea have some anti-tuberculosis substances, and NH128 strain may be the variant of Aclinomycetales bacterium(R03 AY944262).

Estimation of reference range for thyroid functional parameter in pregnant women of Jinan City, China

SHEN Yan, ZUO Changting

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  34-38.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.053

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Objective To establish the refernce ranges for specific serum FT3, FT4 and TSH in different stages of the pregnant women of Jinan City, China. Methods A total of 370 pregnancy women were chosen as the study group, and 60 non-pregnancy women were chosen as the control group. According to the guidelines of United States National Institute of Clinical Biochemical(NACB), the serum levels of TSH, FT4, FT3, thyroglobulin antibody(TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb), thyrotrophin receptor antibody(TRAb)were detected by electrochemiluminescence method. Results The reference ranges of the serum levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH during the early, medium, and late periods were 3.33-5.78, 3.07-5.52, 2.91-5.46 pmol/L; 12.60-18.94, 8.74-17.23, 8.64-17.21 pmol/L; and 0.27- 4.27, 0.53- 4.75, 0.76- 4.59 mIU/L. Conclusion The reference ranges of the serum levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH at the different gestation stages in Jinan City have a large difference between the pregnant women of the other areas, and also have a large difference of the reference ranges of the pregnant women recommended by ATA.

Early ultrasound observation of uterine incision defect after cesarean section and analysis of related factors

WANG Yihua, MA Lin, KAN Yanmin, WANG Wentao

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  39-44.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.924

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Objective To observe the early changes of uterine incision defect after cesarean section by transvaginal ultrasonography and to analyze the risk factors. Methods A total of 181 maternal cases receiving cesarean section during Sept. 2013 and June 2015, who were examined by transvaginal ultrasound 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months postpartum, were divided into 2 groups according to the healing of the incision:good healing group(n=142)and incision defect group(n=39). The changes of the incision in different postpartum periods were observed and the risk factors were analyzed. Results The length of incision 6 months postpartum was shorter than that 6 weeks postpartum(P<0.05). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that an increase in the number of cesarean section, surgeon with low seniority, postoperative infection, posterior uterine and incision close to the cervix were risk factors of incision defect. Conclusion The length of cesarean incision defect shortens as time goes on. Repeated cesarean section, puerperal infection, retroflexed uterine, low-cut position and inexperienced surgeon are risk factors for uterine incision defects, which increase the abnormal healing of uterine scar.

Expression and significance of ER and PR in fibroids and myometrium during pregnancy

LIU Ran, TAO Guowei, ZHEN Junhui, LUO Xia, QIAN Richeng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  45-49.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.020

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Objective To explore the expression and significance of ER and PR in fibroids and myometrium during pregnancy. Methods (1) We collected 9 pregnant womens fibroids(group A)and myometrium(group B), and 12 non-pregnant womens fibroids(group C)and myometrium(group D). The expressions of ER and PR in these tissues were detected with immunohistochemistry. (2) We selected 110 pregnant women with fibroids as the research objects, and recorded the sizes of fibroids through ultrasonic reports in early pregnancy(less than 13 weeks), mid pregnancy(16 to 23 weeks gestation)and late pregnancy(37 to 40 weeks gestation). Results (1) The expressions of ER in group A and B were negative. The expression of PR in group A was significantly higher than that in group B(P=0.033). The expressions of ER and PR in group A were significantly lower than those in group C(P=0.000, P=0.001). (2) There was no significant difference in the sizes of fibroids between early mid and late pregnancy(P=0.741). But fibroids had an 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷5期 -刘冉,等.ER、PR在妊娠期子宫肌瘤组织中的表达及意义 \=-increasing trend in early and mid pregnancy and had a decreasing trend in late pregnancy. Conclusion ER and PR may play an important role in the growth of fibroids during pregnancy. However, whether ER deletion is related to the slow growth of fibroids with high estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy still remains unclear.

Effect of estrogen on expression of estrogen receptor-β and forkhead transcription factor 3 in human granulosa cells

MA Huiming, ZHANG Yongfang, WANG Mengmeng, LI Xin, WANG Yongfeng, TIAN Hongcheng, HU Rong, WANG Yanrong, PEI Xiuying, XU Xian

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  50-55.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.437

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Objective To explore the effects of estradiol(E₂)on estrogen receptor-β(ER-β)and forkhead transcription factor 3(FoxO3)expression in the proliferation and apoptosis of human granulosa cells during ovarian stimulation. Methods Ovarian granulosa cells in healthy ovarian follicles were cultured in TCM199 medium supplemented with 1 μmol /L E₂, and 100 nmol/L ICI182.780. The proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells was detected with WST. The ER-β and FoxO3 mRNA expressions in granulosa cells were determined with RT-PCR and real-time PCR. The ER-β and FoxO3 protein expressions were assessed with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results E₂ significantly improved while ICI182.780 inhibited the proliferation of ovarian granulosa cells. Real-time PCR results indicated that the ER-β mRNA expression was downregulated, while FoxO3 mRNA expression was upregulated(P<0.05). Western 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷5期 -马会明,等.雌激素对卵巢颗粒细胞雌激素受体-β和转录因子叉头蛋白3表达的影响 \=-blotting results showed that changes of ER-β and FoxO3 protein expressions were statistically significant(P<0.05). Grey level analysis showed that ER-β protein expression increased and FoxO3 protein expression was reduced with addition of E₂(P<0.05), while ER-β protein expression decreased and FoxO3 protein expression increased with addition of ICI182.780(P<0.05). Conclusion E₂ can affect the proliferation and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells by increasing ER-β expression while decreasing FoxO3 expression.

Influencing factors of adverse outcomesin term neonates delivered by elective caesarean

HONG Haijie, SUN Wenjuan, ZHANG Yuan, XU Yongping

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  56-61.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.986

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Objective To analyze the influencing factors of adverse outcomes in neonates delivered at term by elective caesarean. Methods Clinical data of mothers and babies delivered by elective caesarean section during Nov.1, 2011 and Oct.31, 2014 at the Second Hospital of Shandong University were retrospectively reviewed. The neonatal adverse outcomes were analyzed with t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis, including transference to NICU and respiratory diseases. Results A total of 3,290 mothers and their neonates were enrolled, of which 250 neonates needed to be transferred to NICU, and 110 neonates developed a respiratory disease. The factors that caused the neonates to be transferred to NICU were parity, BMI, delivery gestational age and fetal sex. The factors that caused the neonates to develop a respiratory disease were parity, delivery gestational age and fetal sex. The risk of adverse outcomes in neonates whose mothers parity was three times and above was significantly higher. The risk of transference to NICU was lower in neonates delivered by mothers with smaller BMI. The risk of transference to NICU for neonates delivered in 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷5期 -洪海洁,等.足月选择性剖宫产分娩新生儿不良结局的影响因素 \=-37^+0-6 weeks was 1.9 times than those delivered in 39^+0-7 weeks(OR=1.9, 95%CI=1.2-3.0). The risk of respiratory disease for neonates delivered in 37^+0-6 weeks and 38^+0-6 weeks were respectively 2.5 times and 1.8 times than those delivered in 39^+0-7 weeks(OR=2.5, 95%CI=1.4-4.7 and OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.1-2.7). The risk of a respiratory disease and transference to NICU in male neonates were respectively 2.2 times and 1.3 times than in female neonates(OR=2.2, 95%CI=1.4~3.4 and OR=1.3, 95%CI=1.0-1.7). The differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). Conclusion The best delivery gestational age for elective cesarean section is 39-40 weeks. Cesarean sections conducted shortly after onset of labor do not reduce the risk of neonatal adverse outcomes. The risk of adverse outcomes in male neonates is higher than in female neonates. The risk of neonatal adverse outcomes in mothers with higher BMI, or whose parity is three times and above is increased.

Effects of prednisone therapy on the clinical outcomes and phenotypes of natural killer cells in patients with URSA

JIA Xinzhuan, ZHANG Na, GUO Lina, ZHAO Suying, DONG Cui, WEI Lan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  62-65.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.839

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Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes(ongoing pregnancy > 12 weeks)and changes of natural killer(NK)cells CD56 and CD16 before and after prednisone treatment in patients with URSA(unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion, URSA). Methods A total of 160 URSA patients were divided into two groups: experimental group(receiving prednisone and aspirin therapy, n=80), and control group(receiving placebo and aspirin therapy, n=80). The therapy started from 4-5 weeks to 12 weeks of gestation, and stopped if abortion occurred. The percentages of CD56 and CD16 were measured by flow cytometry before and after treatment. Results The percentage of ongoing pregnancy > 12 weeks was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group(P=0.00). The level of CD16 markedly dropped after treatment in the experimental group(P=0.00), while it remained unchanged in the control group(P=0.79). There was no statistical difference in the level of CD56 before and after treatment between the two groups(experimental group P=0.09, control group P=0.12). Conclusion Prednisone can improve the clinical outcome in patients with URSA, which may be related to the reduction of CD16 and inhibition of cell toxicity.

Correlation between human epididymis protein 4 in seminal plasma and male infertility

XI Xianghong, SU Rong, JIA Shaotong, TANG Xiuying, WANG Lixin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  66-69.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.1267

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Objective To analyze the relationship between human epididymis protein 4(HE4)content in seminal plasma and male infertility. Methods According to the WHO diagnostic standard, we collected semen from 231 infertile patients and divided them into 5 groups: azoospermia group(n=45), oligozoospermia group(n=43), asthenozoospermia group(n=41), teratozoospermia group(n=45)and normal group(n=57). Another 40 controls who had normal fertility was enrolled as the control group. The sperm density, total sperm count, sperm motility, forward movement, and sperm morphology were analyzed with computer-aided sperm analysis(CASA). The HE4 content was detected with electrochemical luminescence. Then the correlation between routine sperm parameters and HE4 content was analyzed. Results The average HE4 content in 271 cases of seminal plasma was(793.4±362)pmol/L. The HE4 content in the azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia groups was(987.43±386.75),(857.12±355.64),(807.72±375.21)and(837.04±371.36 )pmol/L, respectively, which was higher than that of the normal group(604.45±272.02 )pmol/L, P=0.000, 0.001, 0.009, 0.002, respectively). The sperm density, motility and PR in the azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, and teratozoospermia groups were significantly lower than in the normal fertility group(P=0.000). The HE4 content in seminal plasma was negatively correlated with sperm density, total sperm count, sperm motility, PR and normal morphology(r=-0.371、-0.348、 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷5期 -席向红,等.精浆中人附睾蛋白4与男性不育症的相关性 \= - 0.284、-0.240、-0.158). Conclusion The HE4 content in seminal plasma was negatively correlated with the routine sperm parameters, indicating that it can serve as a reference index of male fertility.

Diagnostic value of MRI in the T-staging of cervical cancer

ZHANG Zhan, XU Xiangfeng, LIU Haidong, WANG Wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  70-73.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.863

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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of MRI in the T-staging of cervical cancer. Methods Clinical date of 106 confirmed cervical cancer cases were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the accuracy rate of staging by MRI, the accuracy rate of vaginal invasion and parametrial infiltration, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value. Results The accuracy rate of MRI staging was 84.0%(89/106). For vaginal invasion, the accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was 85.8%(91/106), 72.7%(8/11), 87.4%(83/95), 40%(8/20), and 96.5%(83/86). For parametrial infiltration, the accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value was 96.2%(102/106), 75%(3/4), 97.1%(99/102), 50%(3/6), and 99%(99/100)(P<0.05). Conclusion The accuracy rate of MRI staging is high, and MRI can accurately assess vaginal invasion and parametrial infiltration.

Fetal cervical enlargement development between 16 and 42 weeks of gestational age: a postmortem MRI study

DONG Jinye, LIN Xiangtao, CAO Jinfeng, WU Yong, ZHAO Hui, XIE Huihui, XIAO Lianxiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  74-78.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.782

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Objective To investigate the normal development of fetal cervical enlargement, its maximum cross-sectional area and its relative position at different gestational ages using postmortem MRI. Methods A total of 44 fetal specimens ranging from 16-42 gestational weeks were enrolled. Three-dimensional(3D)T2-weighted(WI)imaging and Sampling Perfection with Application-optimized Contrast using differenced flip Angle Evolution(T₂W-SPC)of the cervical spine were performed and then images were reconstructed in the coronal, axial, and sagittal planes. The following lobular parameters were measured: (1) the relationship between maximum cross-sectional area of cervical enlargement and gestational age; (2) the relative position of cervical enlargement at different gestational ages; (3) the significant differences in cervical enlargement maximum cross-sectional section area between sexes. Results (1) There were significant linear relationships between the maximum cross-sectional area and gestational ages(cervical enlargement 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷5期 -董金叶,等.16~42周胎儿脊髓颈膨大发育的MRI分析 \=-maximum cross-sectional area=0.01×gestational age-0.12, R2=0.91, P<0.05); (2) The maximum section of fetal cervical enlargement was located in the center of C5/6 at 16-28 gestational weeks and in the center of C5-C5/6 at 29-42 gestational weeks. The relative position of the maximum cross-sectional area of fetal enlargement gradually increased over gestation; (3) There was no significant difference in cervical enlargement maximum cross-sectional section area between sexes. Conclusion High field MRI clearly shows the maximum cross-sectional area of cervical enlargement and its relative position over gestation. We have established an MRI image map and database of normal fetal cervical enlargement.

Efficacy and safety of Yangzheng Xiaoji capsule combined with chemotherapy in treating metastatic breast cancer

XU Zhihong, LIU Rongfeng, WANG Xiaoxiang, FENG Li, YAO Tiezhu, LIU Hong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  79-83.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.1144

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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Yangzheng Xiaoji capsule combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and its influence on T lymphocyte cell subsets. Methods A total of 79 metastatic breast cancer patients were randomly divided into the treatment group(n=40)and control group(n=39)according to digital table method. The control group was treated with GT chemotherapy, which was a total of 6 courses of treatment with q3w. The treatment group received the same amount of chemotherapy, and Yangzheng Xiaoji capsules, 4 capsules/time, 3 times/day, 21 days/course, for 6 courses of treatment. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. The survival quality of all patients was analyzed by QLQ-BR23. T sublymphocyte level was detected in both groups. Results The total efficacy rate of the treatment group was 55%, which was superior to that of the control group, 28.21%(P<0.05). Incidence of liver and kidney function deficiency in the treatment group was 10%, which was lower than that of the control group, 33.33%(P<0.05). Six months after treatment, scores of QLQ-BR23 in the treatment group were superior to those of the control group(P<0.01). Three months after treatment, levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD4⁺/CD8⁺ of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group, while CD8⁺ was lower, with statistically significant difference(P<0.01). Conclusion Yangzheng 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷5期 -徐志宏,等.养正消积胶囊联合化疗治疗转移性乳腺癌的临床疗效及安全性 \=-Xiaoji capsule combined with chemotherapy in treating metastatic breast cancer can increase efficacy, decrease adverse reactions, and improve quality of life and cellular immune function.

RbAp48 expression and its clinical significance in endometrial adenocarcinoma

WANG Ping, CHEN Jing, SHI Qing, FU Yibing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  84-87.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.094

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Objective To explore RbAp48 expression and its significance in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Methods Specimens were collected from 72 cases of normal endometrium(21 in hyperplasia phase, 27 in secretory phase, 24 in menopause), 27 cases of atypical hyperplasia, and 52 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma with varying degrees of differentiation. The RbAp48 expression was detected with immunohistochemical method. The relevance between RbAp48 expression and the clinicopathological features of endometrial adenocarcinoma was analyzed. Results The RbAp48 expression was higher in endometrial adenocarcinoma than in normal endometrium and atypical hyperplasia. It was related to the secretory phase, menopause and atypical hyperplasia(P<0.05), but not related to proliferative phase(P>0.05). Poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas expressed higher RbAp48 than highly differentiated ones. RbAp48 expression was related to FIGO staging, distant metastasis, progestin use, myometrial invasion, obesity and diabetes, but not related to age, menarche age, dysmenorrhea, BMI, metastasis of pelvic lymph node, and lymphvascular space involvement. Conclusion RbAp48 is expressed in normal endometrium, endometrial atypical hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues. RbAp48 expression is up-regulated in endometrial adenocarcinoma tissues suggesting that it may play an important role in endometrial adenocarcinoma.

Changes of carotid artery structure and function in children with primary nephrotic syndrome

WANG Dan, QI Hengtao, SUN Shuzhen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  88-91.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.927

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Objective To explore the changes of carotid artery structure and function as early indicators of atherosclerosis(AS)in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS). Methods Between Feb.2013 to Dec. 2014, 122 children with PNS(82 in active state, 40 in remission state), and 40 healthy controls were enrolled. Carotid ultrasonography, serum albumin, serum lipid and 24-hour urine protein quantity of all subjects were determined. The results collected were analyzed with variance analysis, Spearsman rank correlation test, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results Compared with the controls, patients in active state had significantly higher carotid intima-media thickness(cIMT), carotid stiffness coefficient(β), mean wall cross-sectional area(WCSA), but lower carotid artery movement(△D)(all P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between cIMT and disease relapse number(r=0.29, P<0.01). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that cIMT was associated with total cholesterol(TC)and lipoprotein(a)［Lp(a)］(R2=0.22, β=0.01, P<0.01; β=0.03, P=0.02). Conclusion Carotid artery structure and function are changed in children with PNS, and the risks for AS are increased. cIMT can be used to predict the potential risk of AS, which is associated with lipid metabolism disorder and disease relapse.

Cone-beam CT evaluation on the anatomy of the maxillary sinus lateral wall alveolar canal

ZHANG Bing, JIA Linglu, JIA Tingting, ZHANG Yunpeng, WEN Yong, XU Xin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(5):  92-96.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.718

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Objective To investigate the anatomic characteristics of the maxillary sinus lateral wall alveolar canal with cone-beam CT(CBCT)imaging data and to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods A total of 150 cases which met the inclusion criteria were collected from the CBCT database of Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University. The GALAXIS software was used to observe and analyze the lateral wall alveolar canal of the maxillary sinus, shape of the canal, incidence of intraosseous anastomosis, detection rate in each location, diameter of the canal as well as the distance from the lower border to the alveolar crest. Results The alveolar canal was like a downward fold line, with the incidence of intraosseous anastomosis being 84.33%. Incidence of the front point of the alveolar canal was 95%, with an average diameter of(1.05±0.36)mm and(28.04±2.44)mm to the alveolar crest. The figure for rear point was 93.33%, with an average diameter of(0.89±0.29)mm and(18.86±2.78)mm to the alveolar crest. The difference in the diameters of two points was statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of the alveolar canal in the middle region of the maxillary sinus lateral wall was 63.00%, and only 1.08% of the alveolar canal had the diameter >2 mm. Conclusion The alveolar canal exists in the maxillary sinus lateral wall and it is difficult to detect the canal due to the small diameter and uncertain location. Bleeding and other complications may occur when it is damaged in surgical procedures. It can be observed effectively by the use of CBCT.