Table of Content

  

10 December 2015
Volume 53 Issue 12

Effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on colon smooth muscle cells and the mechnism in mice

CAO Jing, CHEN Feixue, WANG Tengfei, ZHAO Hongyu, ZHAO Dongyan, ZUO Xiuli, LI Yanqing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  1-6.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.991

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Objective To investigate the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) alterations and smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA) expression of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in mice. Methods The α-SMA expression of colonic SMCs in the BDNF^+/- mice was measured by Western blotting, and was compared with that in BDNF^+/+ mice. The expression of tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor was identified in the primary colonic SMCs of the mice by immunofluorescence staining. After administration of BDNF and TrkB receptor antagonists (K252a), the expressions of α-SMA and TrkB-PLC-Ca²⁺ pathway were measured by Western blotting. The alteration of[Ca²⁺]_i was measured by[Ca²⁺]_i imaging. Results The expression of α-SMA was obviously decreased in BDNF^+/- mice compared with that in BDNF^+/+ mice. The TrkB receptor was identified in the SMCs. After administration of BDNF, the expressions of α-SMA, TrkB-PLC-Ca²⁺ signal pathway and[Ca²⁺]_i increased. K252a could reverse those changes. Conclusion BDNF might induce the alterations of[Ca²⁺]_i and α-SMA expression of SMC by TrkB-PLC-Ca²⁺ signal pathway, which might be the mechanism to affect the gut motility.

Effects of peptide YY on apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cell line Miapaca-2 in vitro

LI Hongxia, DONG Lei, JIANG Jiong, WANG Xinyang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  7-11.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.025

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Objectives To observe the effects of peptide YY(PYY)on inducing apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cell line Miapaca-2. Methods The pancreatic cancer cell line Miapaca-2 was treated with PYY of different concentrations(0.01, 0.005, 0.0025 and 0.00125 mmol/L) for 48 h.The apoptosis and cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry, the expression of survivin mRNA was detected with RT-PCR, and the expressions of survivin and Caspase-3 protein were detected with Western blotting. Results After intervention with PYY for 48 h, celluar apoptosis rate was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner. The cells of G₀/G₁ stage were significantly increased, but the cells of S and G₂/M stages were significantly decreased. The hypodiploid apoptotic peak before the G₁ stage was detected. PYY inhibited survivin protein and survivin mRNA expressions but increased Caspase-3 protein expression notably in a dose dependent manner(P<0.01). Conclusion PYY can induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. PYY maybe block cell cyclein G₀/G₁ stage, downregulate survivin mRNA and protein expressions, increase Caspase-3 protein expression and finally induce apoptosis.

An in vitro study of the anticancer effect of salidroside on human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells

WEI Lilan, MO Shurong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  12-15,32.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.131

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Objective To investigate the effect of salidroside on the proliferation and growth of in vitro cultured human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells, and to explore the possible anti-tumor mechanism. Methods Cells were divided into control group, 0.50 mg/mL salidroside group, 1.00 mg/mL salidroside group and 2.00 mg/mL salidroside group. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT array. Argyrophilic nucleolar organiser region proteins (AgNOR) staining was used to determine the expression of AgNOR in nuclear. The cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry test. Migration rate was measured by cell scratch assay. Results Compared with control group, the proliferation and AgNOR expression of SGC-7901 cells were inhibited significantly in salidroside groups (P<0.05) with a concentration-, time-and effect-depent manner; cell circle arrest increased at G₂/M phase, but decreased at S phase (P<0.05); the rate of cell apoptosis increased, while cell migration rate was down-regulated (P<0.05). Conclusion Salidroside can effectively inhibit proliferation, arrest cell cycle, induce apoptosis and decrease migration rate of SGC-7901 cell.

Cell injury induced by 3CD protein of Enterovirus 71

LI Jing, QIAO Qiao, SUN Lele, MA Yingwei, ZHUANG Zhichao, ZHAO Li, WANG Zhiyu, WEN Hongling

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  16-19.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.227

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Objective To investigate the roles of 3CD protein on pathogenesis of Enterovirus 71(EV71). Methods The cells were divided into control group, SDLY1 group, SDLY107 group, and SDLY107(1-3CD) group. 3CD region of SDLY107, which was isolated from the severe case, was replaced by that of SDLY1, which was isolated from the mild case, through reverse genetics, and the recombinant virus was named as SDLY107(1-3CD). EV71 strains were incubated at 37℃ and 39.5℃. After some time, the living cells were detected by MTT assay to show cell injury induced by different strains. Results Compared with SDLY107, cell injury induced by SDLY107(1-3CD) decreased at 37℃ and 39.5℃ (both P<0.05). There was statistical difference between cell injury induced by SDLY1 and SDLY107(1-3CD) at 37℃ (P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference between cell injury induced by SDLY1 and SDLY107(1-3CD) at 39.5℃(P>0.05). Conclusion Replacement of EV713CD can change cell injury induced by EV71, and there may be virulence determinants on 3CD region, which may help us understand the pathogenesis of EV71.

Effects of PCSK6 silence by siRNA on FLS in CIA

JIANG Huiyu, WANG Lin, PAN Jihong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  20-26.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.917

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Objective To explore the effects of PCSK6 silence by siRNA on the biological behaviors of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods Rat CIA models were induced with bovine collagen type Ⅱ. Cultured FLS from CIA models were treated with anti-PCSK6 siRNA, including siRNA oligo-433, siRNA oligo-688 and siRNA oligo-2506. A negative siRNA was used as the negative control. The inhibiting effects were detected with RT-qPCR after 24 h and 36 h. The proliferation, invasion, migration capacity, secretion of inflammation factors and cell cycle were determined with MTT, transwell, wound healing, ELISA and flow cytomertry. Expressions of genes related to proliferation, invasion, migration and inflammation were detected with RT-qPCR. Results Compared with negative control, the inhibiting effect was remarkable after anti-PCSK6 siRNA (siRNA oligo-2506) was transfected into FLS at 24 h (P<0.001). PCSK6-siRNA treatment significantly decreased cell proliferation (P<0.001), invasion (P<0.001) and migration (P<0.001) of FLS in CIA, as well as secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β (P<0.001). Flow cytometry revealed a G₀/G₁ arrest of FLS (P<0.05). Expression of genes, including CXCL9, MMP-2, MMP-9, NOSTRIN, HIF-1α, MPZL2, IGF-2 and PADI4 all decreased significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion Inhibition of PCSK6 may play a protective role in the biological behaviors of FLS in CIA, which may provide information for further study of the pathogenesis of CIA.

Essential oils of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus before and after salt-fried:GC-MS analysis and their anti-acetylcholinesterase activity

SUN Hongxiang, CHEN Ping, JIAO Zezhao, YUE Su, JIN Tianyun, XIANG Lan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  27-32.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.301

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Objective To study the difference of chemical constituents in the essential oils of crude and salt-fried Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, which often occurred in the anti-dementia prescription of traditional Chinese medicines in clinic, and evaluate their inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Methods Essential oil was extracted from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography was used to evaluate their anti-AChE activity. Results The extraction ratio of essential oils from Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus decreased after salt-fried. Twenty-nine components were identified respectively from the essential oils of crude Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus and salt-fried one, among which the content of nootkatone was the highest (25%), followed by valencene (7%). Four components in the volatile oils changed after salt-fried. Calamenene (1.12%), ledol (1.05%), caryophyllene oxide (0.99%) and β-cyperene (0.32%) were only identified in the crude Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus, however, eudesm-11-en-1a-ol (1.32%), 9,10-dehydroisolongifolene (1.17%), gurjunenepoxide (0.91%) and 1R,4R,7R,11R-1,3,4,7-tetramethyltricyclo[5.3.1.0(4,11)]undec-2-ene (0.38%) were only identified in the salt-fried Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus. Both of volatile oils from crude and salt-fried Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus possessed anti-AChE activity. Conclusion Some components in the volatile oil of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus change after salt-fried, especially a potential toxic sesquiterpenoid ledol disappears. The AChE-inhibitory activity of Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus essential oil may have some close relationship with its anti-dementia function in clinic.

Preparation of drug/polymer fibers in micrometer or nanometer size and their drug release behavior

CAI Xiaoqing, ZHAO Qingyun, GUO Yuanyuan, LUAN Yuxia

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  33-37.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.845

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Objective To prepare the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) fibers loaded with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to construct a novel drug delivery system. Methods PVA and BSA mixed aqueous solution was quickly frozen using liquid nitrogen then drying for 48 hours, which resulted in the formation of BSA-loaded PVA fibers. The synthesized BSA-loaded PVA fibers were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug release behavior of the as-prepared products was also studied. Results The results showed that BSA was successfully incorporated into the biocompatible polymer and the PVA-based fibers had good stability, desired drug loading content and 100% entrapment efficiency. Furthermore, the drug release rate of the as-prepared drug-loaded fibers could be well controlled. The drug release behavior of the BSA-loaded PVA fibers obeyed Biexponential kinetics model with good sustained release. Conclusion The drug release behavior of the micro/nano-fibers demonstrates their promising application in drug delivery system.

Pharmacokinetics of prostaglandin E₁ freeze-dried lipid microspheres in beagle dogs

HUANG Huifeng, YAO Fang, BAI Xue

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  38-42.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.467

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Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of prostaglandin(PGE₁) freeze-dried lipid microspheres in beagle dogs and provide reference for its clinical usage. Methods Twenty-four beagle dogs were divided randomly into the control group, low-dose group, medium-dose group and high-dose group, six in each group. Dogs were injected intravenously with reference preparation "Kaishi" and PGE₁ freeze-dried lipid microspheres with 20, 32 and 64μg/dog, respectively. The blood samples were collected at different time points. LC-MS/MS method was used to detect the plasma concentration of PGE₁ in beagle dogs. Results After intravenous injection at a dose of 32μg/dog, t_1/2 of PGE₁ in plasma was (7.5±3.7) min, t_max was (7.6±2.9) min, C_max was (105.0±40.4)ng/L, and AUC_{(0-18 min)} was (933.1±359.0) ng·min/L, which had no difference from those of the reference formulation (P>0.05). AUC_{(0~18 min)} and C_max were positively correlated with different dose levels. Besides, the pharmacokinetic result showed there were no significant statistical difference between the sexes (P>0.05). Conclusion PGE₁ freeze-dried lipid microspheres have similar pharmacokinetic characteristics in comparison with the reference formulation, and different doses do not affect PGE₁ pharmacokinetic profile in beagle dogs.

Effects of lidocaine on caspase-1 and IL-1β lipopolysaccharide-induced mice macrophages

LIU Yang, WANG Huanliang, LIU Yayang, YAN Hongdan, SUN Baozhu, HUANG Shanshan, HUANG Rui, LEI Weifu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  43-46,56.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.268

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Objective To observe the protective effect of lidocaine on cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mice and to investigate its mechanism. Methods Monolayer cultured mouse macrophages in six-well plates were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, lidocaine group, lipopolysaccharide group, and lidocaine+lipopolysaccharide group. Cell apoptosis rate was measured with flow cytometry. Expressions of caspase-1 and IL-1β mRNA were detected with realtime PCR (RT-PCR). The protein concentrations of caspase-1 and IL-1β in the culture medium were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with control group, in lidocaine group, the apoptosis rate, mRNA expression and protein expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β had no significant change (P>0.05); in the lipopolysaccharide group, the apoptosis rate, mRNA expression and protein expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β were significantly higher (all P<0.05). Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group, in lidocaine+lipopolysaccharide group, apoptosis was significantly reduced (P<0.05), mRNA and protein expression levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β expressions were markedly lower (P<0.05). Conclusion Lidocaine can reduce apoptosis in murine macrophages lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. Protective effects of lidocaine on tissue inflammation may be related to inhibition ofcaspase-1 and IL-1β.

Impact of collateral circulation on the immediate prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction

HOU Shengnan, CUI Lianqun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  47-50.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.149

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Objective To investigate the impact of collateral circulation on the short-term prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods A total of 130 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with coronary angiography were selected and divided into 2 groups according to the Rentrop grade:collateral circulation group (n=43) and non-collateral circulation group (n=87). The clinical data, ventricular function, CK peak, CK-MB peak and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results There were no statistical differences between two groups in patients' age, gender, and past medical history. Non Q-wave myocardial infarction and preinfarciton angina were more common, and the incidence of multivessel lesions was higher in the collateral circulation group. Collateral flow was associated with better left ventricular ejection fraction (P<0.01). LVEDP, Cortina motion score of ventricular wall, CK and CK-MB peak level were significantly lower in the collateral circulation group (all P<0.01). The incidence of nosocomial complications and clinical cardiac events of collateral circulation group were lower than those of non-collateral circulation group. Conclusion The preinfarction angina indicates rich collateral circulation, and post-infarction angina predicts higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular events. The formation of collateral circulation of preinfarction angina can protect acute ischemic myocardium, and to a certain extent, reduce infarction size of acute myocardial infarction and prevent the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events.

Expression of chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 can be suppressed by rcombinant human TNF receptor α Ⅱ-Ig fusion protein in ankylosing spondylitis

ZHANG Peiyi, ZHOU Shufen, WANG Meiying, LEI Zhenhua, WENG Junxiong, TIAN Ye, PENG Xin, FU Biling, DENG Liuxia, ZOU Shihai, GUO Chengshan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  51-56.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.253

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Objective To investigate the role of CXCL16/CXCR6 in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the functional mechanism of recombinant human TNF receptor-αⅡ-Ig fusion protein (rhTNFR:Fc). Methods The subjects were divided into AS active group, AS treated group and healthy control group. The levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG) and CXCL16 in serum and CXCL16, CXCR6 mRNA in peripheral blood cells (PBMC) were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and fluorescent quatitative PCR. The proliferation of lymphocytes and the level of RANKL in supernatant stimulated by different concentrations (40 ng/mL, 80 ng/mL) of rhCXCL16 were assessed with CCK-8 and ELISA. Results ① The clinical response rate in the AS active group reached 95.45%, and indicators including ESR, CRP, BASDAI, BASFI, spinal pain and nocturnal pain in AS treated group were significantly reduced compared with those in AS active group (all P<0.05). ② Serum RANKL level, RANKL/OPG ratio, and CXCLl6 level in AS active group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group; CXCLl6 and CXCR6 mRNA levels in AS active group were both significantly higher than those in healthy control group and AS treated group (all P<0.05). ③ In the AS active group, stimulated by CXCLl6(40 ng/mL, 80 ng/mlL), the proliferation of lymphocytes and the level of RANKL in the supernatant were significantly higher (all P<0.05). ④ In the AS active group, the serum CXCL16 was positively correlated to RANKL, RANKLL/OPG radio, CRP and ESR (all P<0.05). Conclusion CXCL16/CXCR6 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AS.Besides, rhTNFR:Fc could reduce the expression of CXCL16/CXCR6, which may be one of the mechanisms in inhibiting inflammation and bone destruction.

Association between receptor of advanced glycation end products gene polymorphisms, soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products and susceptibility of type 2 diabetes mellitus

LI Fang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  57-61.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.901

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Objective To estimate the level of soluble receptor of advanced glycation end product (sRAGE) in type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as its association with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of receptor of advanced glycation end product (RAGE). Methods A total of 184 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 190 healthy controls were recruited. ELISA was applied to test sRAGE, and PCR-TaqMan-MGB probe was used for the genotyping of rs2070600, rs1800624, rs1800625 and rs184003. Results The level of sRAGE[M(P₂₅,P₇₅)] in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients was[1087.4(713.5,1213.4) pg/mL], which was significantly higher than that of the controls[908.2(674.6,1107.1 pg/mL)]. As to the allele analysis, no significant differences were observed in the minor allele frequency comparisons of the 4 SNPs, and no association was found between the 4 SNPs and sRAGE level in the linear regression. Conclusion The elevated level of sRAGE is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the polymorphism of RAGE is not. There is no significant association between polymorphism of SNPs in RAGE and sRAGE level.

Mucus fills the intestinal epithelial gaps and maintains the barrier function

ZHOU Xiaoyan, LI Ming, GUO Jing, ZUO Xiuli, LI Yanqing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  62-66,80.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.148

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Objective To investigate whether mucus fills the intestinal epithelial gaps(IEG), and to explore the role of mucus in maintaining local barrier function. Methods The terminal ileum tissues of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and controls were obtained. Mucins were stained with Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS) and Muc2. In addition, we also analyzed the confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) imagines of the terminal ileum from 39 UC patients and 34 controls since January 2013 to December 2014. Revised Watson grading system was used to evaluate the local barrier function. Results In UC patients, the proportion[M(P₂₅,P₇₅),%] of IEG without mucus, intestinal epithelial gaps, goblet cells were 27.52(25.00,29.68), 5.33(3.48,6.62) and 17.38(16.00,19.87), respectively. In control group, these three parameters were 12.27(9.78,16.67), 0.27(0.00,0.69) and 23.44(20.24,26.18), respectively. The differences were statistically significant in the two groups (P<0.01). The proportion of intestinal epithelial gaps and goblet cells showed a significantly negative correlation(r=-0.74, P<0.01). Conclusion The local barrier function is lost in UC patients; mucus filled with IEG play a key role to maintain the local intestinal barrier function.

Clinical significance of miRNA-206 expression in gastric stromal tumor

YAO Dongxue, ZHAO Qi, QIN Chengyong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  67-70.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.172

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Objective To evaluate the expression and significance of miRNA-206 in the development of gastric stromal tumor. Methods Fifty-three cases of the surgical specimens of gastric stromal tumor were collected. miRNA-206 levels in matched pairs of gastric stromal tumor and normal adjacent tissue samples were examined using qRT-PCR; the relationship between miRNA-206 levels and clinical characteristics were investigated. Results Expression of miRNA-206 was significantly lower in tumor than that in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). Expression of miRNA-206 in cases with mitotic count ≥ 5/50HPF was significantly lower than that with mitotic count<5/50HPF (P<0.05). By Fletcher risk stratification system, expression of miRNA-206 in intermediate/high-risk cases was significantly lower than that in very low/low risk cases (P<0.05). Conclusion In gastric stromal tumor, miRNA-206 expression is significantly down-regulated, and is closely associated with mitotic counts and Fletcher risk stratification system, which suggests that miRNA-206 play an important role in the process of development of gastric stromal tumor.

The clinical efficacy of mini-invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis

ZHOU Chao, TIAN Yonghao, ZHENG Yanping, LIU Xinyu, WANG Huhu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  71-75.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.985

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Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of mini-invasive transforaminal lumbar inter-body fusion (MIS-TLIF) through Wiltse approach and traditional approach for the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods A total of 70 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis were randomly divided group A (n=32) receiving MIS-TLIF through Wiltse approach and group B (n=38) receiving MIS-TLIF through traditional approach. In group A, the affected level was L4/5 in 20 cases and L5/S1 in 12 cases; 9 cases had only low back pain (LBP), while 21 cases had both LBP and leg pain; 17 cases had grade I and 14 cases had grade Ⅱ spondylolisthesis. In group B, the affected level was L4/5 in 22 cases and L5/S1 in 16 cases; 11 cases had only LBP, while 27 cases had both LBP and leg pain; 21 cases had grade I and 17 cases had grade Ⅱ spondylolisthesis. The JOA score, VAS of LBP and leg pain were evaluated 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The post-operative dynamic X-rays, CT and/or MR were used for imaging evaluation. Results There was no difference in gender, age, affected levels, degree of spondylolisthesis, pre-operative JOA score, VAS of LBP, and VAS of leg pain between groups A and B (P>0.05). The incision length, blood loss and exposure time of group A were better than those of group B (P<0.05). The post-operative JOA scoresand VAS of LBP and leg pain were significantly improved after surgery in both groups A and B. The VAS of LBP in group A was lower than that of group B on day 1, day 14, and 1 year after surgery (P<0.05). The interbody fusion rate was not significantly different between groups A and B (P>0.05). There were no complications of internal fixation in both groups. Conclusion MIS-TLIF through both Wiltse and traditional approaches can acquire satisfactory clinical efficacy. Mini-invasive TLIF through Wiltse approach can significantly reduce the damage of multifidus and postoperative incidence of chronic LBP.

Application of DCE-MRI in the quantitative measurement of neovascularization in carotid atherosclerotic plaque

LIU Guoming, SHI Hao, CHENG Haichao

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  76-80.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.417

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Objective To evaluate neovascularization by measuring the volume transfer constant (K^trans) of the different components in carotid atherosclerosis plaques after DCE-MRI dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, in order to provide evidence to determine plaque stability and quantitative measurement of neovascularization. Methods A total of 41 patients with suspected atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries were scanned with MRI and DCE-MRI, and then divided into different groups according to each component signal:fibrosis group, calcification group, recent hemorrhage group and lipid core group. Data of dynamic enhancement were treated with a post processing procedure to evaluate and compare the volume transfer constant (K^trans) of various components in the plaques. Results There were different K^trans values in different groups:0.591/min in fibrosis group, 0.031/min in calcification group, 0.115/min in recent hemorrhage group, and 0.048/min in lipid core group. There was no difference between the lipid core and recent hemorrhage groups (P>0.05), but there were differences between the other groups (P<0.05). Conclusion K^trans value in different components can reflect the different permeability and blood supply. It can be used as an indicator to assess the plaque stability and neovascularization.

Negative emotion and related factors in elderly patients with comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes

YU Huihui, LEI Zhen, WANG Shukang, PAN Fang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  81-85,96.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.242

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Objective To explore negative emotions such as anxiety and depression and related factors for elderly patients with comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes. Methods A total of 600 elderly people (aged over 60) were enrolled in the survey. All subjects filled in anxiety self-rating scale, depression self rating scale and underwent physical examination. Results According to medical records, the subjects were divided into the control group, hypertension group, diabetes group and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes group. The comorbidity group had higher level of waist-to-height ratio than the other groups (P<0.01). Compared with control group, hypertension group and comorbidity group had obvious anxiety and depression (P<0.01). The correlation analysis showed that gender, educational level, income, type and course of diseases were associated with anxiety; gender, age, educational level, marital status, income, type and course of diseases, waist-to-height ratio, and systolic blood pressure were associated with depression. Regression analysis showed that the educational level, systolic blood pressure and diabetes were negative predictors of anxiety (P<0.01), while course of disease was a positive predictor of anxiety (P<0.01); age and course of disease were positive predictors of depression (P<0.05), while educational level and income level were negative predictors of depression (P<0.01). Conclusion Elderly patients with comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes show obvious anxiety, depression and abnormal physiological indexes. Type and course of disease are significantly associated withanxiety and depression. Age, education level, income level, type and course of disease, and systolic blood pressure are predictors of negative emotions.

Path analysis for influencing factors of the total health expenditure of China

DING Lilu, SUN Qiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  86-89.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.993

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Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the total health expenditure (THE) of China. Methods Through path analysis model, we analyzed the data of THE from 1990 to 2012 and its influencing factors in China. Results The gross domestic production (GDP), the proportion of urban population and the proportion of personal health expenditure had direct influence on THE (P<0.01). The proportion of government health expenditure to total government expenditure had both direct and indirect influence on THE. Conclusion Development of national economy is the most important factor affecting THE. Urbanization and population aging are playing more and more significant roles in promoting the growth of THE. Effective measures should be taken to control the growth of THE and more works are needed to focus on providing health care for rural residents and providing health care for aging population in the urbanization and population aging process.

Influencing factors of participation in medical insurance among migrants

WANG Heng, LI Jiajia, XU Lingzhong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2015, 53(12):  90-93.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.161

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Objective Through analyzing data from the China Household Finance Survey (CHFS), this dissertation explores what factors influence participation in medical insurance among internal migrants in China. Methods Basis on medical insurance demand theory, using labor value factors and individual characteristic factors as independent variables, whether or not participating in medical insurance as the dependent variable, medical insurance model of the migrant population was establish and then the data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The medical insurance participating rates of migrants was 69.85%. Labor value factors such as education's degree, professional types, professional title, daily working time and income level were significant influence factors of the migrant population to participate in medical insurance(P<0.05). Individual characteristic factors such as living time, health level, number of brothers and sisters, were significant influence factors of the migrant population to participate in medical insurance(P<0.05). Conclusion Labor value factors and individual characteristic factors influence migrant population participating in medical insurance among internal migrants in China. In order to promote the migrant population to participate in medical insurance, we should increase the propaganda dynamics and strengthen supervision.