Table of Content

  

11 January 2016
Volume 54 Issue 1

Gene microarray analysis of mature dendritic cells cultured with hepatocellular carcinoma cells

YANG Hui, DONG Rong, XUE Hui, HU Zuquan, ZENG Zhu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  1-6.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.291

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Objective To detect the effects of hepatocellular carcinoma cells on the transcription of functional genes in maturate dendritic cells(mDCs). Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were enriched from freshly harvested whole blood by immunomagnetic beads. MDCs were induced by GM-CSF, IL-4 and TNF-α in vitro. Then, mDCs were cultured with(co-cultured group)or without(control group)hepatoma cells. Forty-eight hours later, total RNA of mDCs was collected and the expressions of functional genes were analyzed by using human dendritic cells gene array. Results There were 663 genes significantly regulated(compared with control group, fold changes≥ 2)in co-cultured group, of which 290 were up-regulated and 373 were down-regulated. These genes were associated with the functions of signal transduction, cell metabolism, cell cycle, and so on. Conclusion Hepatocellular carcinoma cells affect the transcription of some functional genes in mDCs, which thus affects its functions, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.

Neuroprotective effect of flavanoids extracted from onion on retinal ganglion cells with diabetes mellitus

HAO Fengqin, LI Na

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  7-10.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.211

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Objective To detect the apoptosis of the retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)in rats with diabetes mellitus and expression of the apoptosis-related genes, then to explore the neuroprotective effect of flavanoids extracted from onion on RGCs. Methods Diabetic rats were induced by streptozotocin. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, diabetic model group(DM group), low-dose flavanoids extracted from onion group(I group), medium-dose flavanoids extracted from onion group(II group), and high-dose flavanoids extracted from onion group(III group), ten in each group. Rats in I, II and III groups were treated with flavanoids extracted from onion once each day. The apoptosis of RGCs were measured by TUNEL assay. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured by LSAB. Results Compared with normal control group, the blood sugar of rats in DM group were significantly increased, the body weight were significantly reduced(P<0.01), expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were enhanced, and the numbers of apoptosis RGCs were increased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with DM group, the blood sugar of rats in II and III groups were significantly decreased(P<0.01), expression level of Bcl-2 was enhanced but that of Bax was decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01), the numbers of apoptosis RGCs were decreased significantly(P<0.01), and the body weight of rats in III group were significantly increased(P<0.05). Conclusion Flavanoids extracted from onion can induce the expression of Bcl-2 while inhibit that of Bax, reduce the apoptosis of RGCs, and protect RGCs neurologically.

Expression of NLRX1 in cochlear hair cells of C57BL/6 mice

YANG Qianqian, SUN Gaoying, CAO Zhixin, YIN Haiyan, WANG Haibo, LI Jianfeng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  11-16.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.305

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Objective To explore the expression of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing family member X1(NLRX1)in the cochlear hair cells and its dynamic changes during the development and aging of C57BL/6 mice. Methods Basilar membranes of C57BL/6 mice in different age groups, 4-day, 1-month, 3-month and 9-month, were obtained. The location and changes of NLRX1 expression were detected with immunofluorescence, Western blotting and real-time PCR. Results There was no expression of NLRX1 in neonatal mice on day 4 postnatally. The 1-month old mice only expressed NLRX1 in inner hair cells(IHCs), especially in the cilia. The 3-month old mice showed NLRX1 expression in both IHCs and outer hair cells(OHCs). However, the 9-month old mice had markedly lower expression of NLRX1, which exhibited the entire lost expression in OHCs and partial lost expression in IHCs, with some OHCs missing. Conclusion The expression of NLRX1 in C57BL/6 mice cochlear hair cells increases during development, but decreases in the process of aging. It is reasonable to speculate that NLRX1 expression in hair cells may be related to the formation and maintaining of hearing.

Effects of sorafenib on the proliferation and apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant tongue cancer cells in vitro

HAO Lijing, GE Shuqing, WANG Shufen, ZHENG Wenjiao, ZHANG Bin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  17-21.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.566

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Objective To explore the effects of sorafenib on the proliferation and apoptosis of cisplatin-resistant tongue cancer cells(Tca8113/DDP)and to investigate the possible mechanisms. Methods The Tca8113/DDP cells were separated by continuously exposing Tca8113 OSCC cells to a stepwise escalating concentration of cisplatin. The inhibitory effects of sorafenib on the proliferation of Tca8113/DDP cells were determined by MTT assay after Tca8113/DDP cells were treated with different concentrations of sorafenib for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The effects of sorafenib on the apoptosis of Tca8113/DDP cells were detected by flow cytometry of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. The expression level of Tongue cancer resistance associated protein 1(TCRP1)was detected by Western blotting after sorafenib treatment. Results The proliferation of Tca8113/DDP cells was significantly inhibited in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. Sorafenib could inhibit the expression of TCRP1 proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion Sorafenib can significantly inhibit the proliferation of Tca8113/DDP cells and induce apoptosis. The mechanisms might be related with the effect of the expression of TCRP1.

Preparation and pharmacokinetics of baicalin lipid nanocapsules

MU Jun, SHAN Lina, ZHAI Yingjie, ZHAI Guangxi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  22-28.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.303

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Objective To prepare the novel baicalin-lipid nanocapsules(BA-LNC)and to detect the physical and chemical properties and the pharmacokinetics. Methods With the medium chain triglyceride(MCT)as oil phase,polyethylene glycol monostearate as surface active agent, lecithin as auxiliary emulsifier, lipid nanocapsules(LNC)were prepared by the phase inversion method and evaluated with encapsulation efficiency(EE)and drug loading(DL). The formulation was optimized by the simplex lattice method and the optimal prescription was obtained by a response surface method. The pharmacokinetic study was also conducted in Wistar rats to explore the potential of LNC as carriers of baicalin. Results The EE was 92.58% and the DL was 1.69%. Under the transmission electron microscope, BA-LNC was spherical without adhesion. The average particle size was(84.2±1.7)nm with the polydispersity index being 0.201, and the Zeta potential was(-13.2±0.62)mV. BA-LNC could significantly prolong the residence time of drug in vivo, and obviously improve the oral absorption of baicalin. Conclusion The prepared lipid nanocapsules can obviously increase the oral bioavailability of baicalin.

Risk factors to influence renal function of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

QIAN Yu, QU Yundong, WANG Ziyu, LIU Feng, YE Qian, WANG Lei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  29-32.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.413

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Objective To assess the renal function of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and to explore the risk factors for renal dysfunction. Methods A total of 206 treatment-naïve patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled, including 151 cases of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)and 55 cases of liver cirrhosis. The renal function with estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)was calculated with latest Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration(CKD-EPI)equation. The prevalence of renal impairment ［eGFR < 90 mL/(min·1.73 m²)］ was evaluated and risk factors for renal abnormalities were analyzed. Results The total incidence of renal impairment was 21.85%(45/206), while it was 17.88%(27/151)and 32.73%(18/55)among CHB patients and liver cirrhosis patients, with the latter being significantly higher than the former(χ2= 5.205, P=0.023). Age(≥50 years)and history of hypertension were identified as risk factors for renal impairment. Conclusions Renal abnormalities pre-exist in some patients with chronic HBV infection before the initiation of any antiviral treatment. Age and history of hypertension are identified as risk factors for renal impairment. We need to evaluate renal function in patients with chronic HBV infection at baseline and monitor renal function regularly.

Efficacy of tolvaptan in the treatment of cirrhosis complicated with refractory ascites and hyponatremia

LIU Caifeng, WANG Mingming, LI Xinli, CUI Sunan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  33-37.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.392

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in treating refractory ascites and hyponatremia due to cirrhosis compared with conventional therapy. Methods A total of 62 cases of liver cirrhosis with refractory ascites and hyponatremia were randomly divided into the tolvaptan group and routine diuretic group, which were given a daily dose of 15mg tolvaptan tablets or conventional diuretics, respectively. The observation points were 1-day before treatment(baseline), day 4 and day 7 during the treatment. Biochemical indicators(e.g., serum sodium, chlorine, potassium, carbon dioxide combining power), liver function(e.g., alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin), renal function(e.g., urea nitrogen, carbon dioxide combining power and glomerular filtration rate), urine output, abdominal circumference and body mass index were recorded and compared. Results On day 4 and day 7, the averages serum sodium in the tolvaptan group were(132.8±6.3)mmol/L and(133.3±6.9)mmol/L, which were significantly higher than those in the routine diuretic group ［(128.8±6.0)mmol/L and(129.4±6.6)mmol/L)］,(P<0.05). The average urine volume in the tolvaptan group was remarkably higher than that in the routine diuretic group(P<0.05). The average body weight and abdominal circumference of the tolvaptan group were markedly less than those of the routine diuretic group(P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in liver function, renal function, blood pressure and heart rate before and after treatment in both groups(P>0.05). Conclusion Tolvaptan can effectively correct the refractory ascites and hyponatremia, increase urine volume and improve liquid equilibrium of patients with liver cirrhosis without damaging liver and kidney function.

Clinical efficacy of combined cellular immunotherapy and photodynamic therapy for advanced esophageal cancer

ZHANG Mingming, AN Yonghui, HAN Caili, ZHANG Yingqi, MA Ming, LI Na, ZOU Changpeng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  38-41.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.772

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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of cytokine-induced killer(CIK)cells and photodynamic therapy(PDT)in combination in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. Methods A total of 63 patients with advanced esophageal cancer were collected and randomly divided into two groups: CIK group(treated with CIK cells alone, n=33), and CIK+PDT group(treated with both CIK cells and PDT, n=30). For the CIK group, CIK cells were cultured for 14 days, and transfused for 3 times at an interval of 1~2 days, and the number of CIK cells was >1×10⁹, activity > 95%. For the CIK+PDT group, CIK cells were cultured for 14 days, administered with photofrin 5 mg/kg on day 12, irradiated by 630nm-laser under endoscopic guidance on day 13 for 30 min, power density being 150 mW/cm², energy density being 270 J/cm², and transfused on day 14. The remission rate of clinical symptoms, total effective rate, immune function and life quality of all patients were evaluated. Results The remission rate of clinical symptoms(93.3% vs 60.6%)and the total effective rate(90% vs 63.6%)were much higher in the CIK+PDT group than in the CIK group(P<0.01, P<0.05). There were significant differences in the percentages of CD3⁺, and CD3⁺ CD56⁺ T cells before and after treatment in the two groups(all P<0.05); and the increase was higher in the CIK+PDT group than in the CIK group(P<0.05). The increase of life quality was higher in the CIK+PDT 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷1期 - 张明明,等.CIK细胞联合光动力治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效观察 \=-group than in the CIK group(86.7% vs 33.3%, P<0.01). Conclusion The CIK cells combined with PDT can improve the clinical efficacy, and enhance the immune function of patients with advanced esophageal cancer, and thereby have a good clinical value.

Endoscopy with i-scan for upper gastrointestinal cancer screening

HOU Chuanqiang, LIU Yingguo, LIU Yunlong, ZHOU Xiufen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  42-44.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.522

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Objective To explore the application of endoscopy with i-scan in the screening of upper gastrointestinal cancer. Methods Subjects who were to undergo upper gastrointestinal cancer screening in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups, endoscopy with i-scan group(n=3 000), and white light endoscopy group(n=3 000). Detection rate, early detection rate, sensitivity and specificity of the two groups were compared. Results Compared with white light endoscopy group, the endoscopy with i-scan group showed better detection rate(P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and early detection rate of endoscopy with i-scan group were 82.35%, 79.14%, and 12%, while those of the white light endoscopy group were 78.13%, 65.54% and 6.67%, with statistically significant differences between the two groups(P<0.05). Conclusion Endoscopy with i-scan can improve the detection rate of upper gastrointestinal cancer and precancerous lesions. It is a valuable technique for upper gastrointestinal cancer screening.

Relationship between abdominal distension and small intestine bacterial overgrowth in type 2 diabetic patients

ZHANG Li, ZHU Huiming, WANG Yanmei, JIANG Di, SUN Xianjiu, LE Youlin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  45-47.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.343

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Objective To explore the relationship between abdominal distension and small intestine bacterial overgrowth(SIBO)in type 2 diabetic patients. Methods A total of 96 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into 4 groups: normal blood glucose and no abdominal distention group(control group), normal blood glucose and abdominal distension group(abdominal distension group), hyperglycemia without abdominal distension group, and hyperglycemia and abdominal distention group. SIBO and the mouth-intestine transit time were detected with lactulose hydrogen breath test, and the results of the control group were compared with those of the other groups. Results The positive rate of SIBO in the hyperglycemia and abdominal distention group was higher than in the other groups, and the difference was significant. There was difference in the positive rate of SIBO between the control group and abdominal distension group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the mouth-intestine transit time between the control group and the other 3 groups(P<0.01). Conclusion Type 2 diabetic patients with abdominal distention are more liable to have SIBO. The long mouth-intestine transit time may be related to abdominal distension.

Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy related pathological characteristics of elderly rectal cancer and multivariate analysis of prognosis

LIU Yongliang, WANG Xiuwen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  48-51.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.288

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Objective To investigate the pathological characteristics related to postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy of elderly rectal cancer and analyze the prognostic factors. Methods Clinical data of 200 elderly patients with rectal cancer treated in our hospital during Jan. 2007 and Jan. 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients age, gender, complaints, duration of symptoms, preoperative(carcino-embryonic antigen CEA), date of surgery, surgical procedure, TNM stage, pathological differentiation, tumor location, size, lymph node metastasis, tumor invasion, number of examined lymph nodes, rehabilitation plan and time, postoperative recurrence and metastasis were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was employed to calculate the survival rate, Long-Rank test was adopted to analyze single prognostic factor, and Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the multi- factors. Results The postoperative 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 80.63% and 73.75%. Tumor diameter >5 cm, poor tumor differentiation, TNM stage Ⅲ, lymph node metastasis, and preoperative CEA >10 ng/mL were the independent risk factors of prognosis. Conclusion Tumor diameter>5 cm, low tumor differentiation, TNM stage Ⅲ, lymph node metastasis, and preoperative CEA>10 ng/mL are the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis, and patients with lymph node metastasis and preoperative CEA >10 ng/mL had better receive adjuvant chemotherapy after operation.

The expressions of PI3K/AKT and its related factors in colon cancer

ZHANG Xuequn, GAO Wei, PAN Pan, GAO Junyi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  52-57.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.1042

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Objective To investigate the expressions of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and its related factors(PI3Kp110α, p-AKTser473, p-mTORser2448, CyclinD1)in colon cancer and their association with other clinical pathological parameters. Methods The expressions of PI3Kp110α, p-AKTser473, p-mTORser2448 and CyclinD1 were detected with immunohistochemical method in 65 cases of colon cancer(colon cancer group), and 15 cases of colonic adenoma(colonic adenoma group). The association between the expressions and clinical pathological parameters were analyzed. Results The positive expressions of PI3Kp110α, p-AKTser473, p-mTORser2448 and CyclinD1 were significantly higher in colon cancer than in colonic adenoma(all P<0.05). In the colon cancer group, there were no differences in the expressions of PI3Kp110α, p-AKTser473 and p-mTORser2448 between different genders, ages, different degrees of differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging(all P>0.05); while there were differences in the expression of CyclinD1 between varying degrees of differentiation and TNM staging(all P<0.05), but no statistical differences between different genders, ages and different degrees of lymph node metastasis(all P>0.05). In the 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷1期 -张雪群,等.PI3K/AKT及其相关因子在结肠癌中的表达 \=-colonic adenoma, there were no differences in the expressions of PI3Kp110α, p-AKTser473、 p-mTORser2448 and CyclinD1 between different genders, ages, degrees of differentiation, lymph node metastasis and TNM staging(all P>0.05). Conclusion The expressions of PI3Kp110α, p-AKTser473, p-mTORser2448 and CyclinD1 are closely related with the occurrence and development of colon cancer, playing a significant role in the prognosis of colon cancer and new research targets.

Epidemiological features of inpatients suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus

YIN Xiaofang, GE Haibo

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  58-61.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.395

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of inpatients suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus(PTB-DM)in Nanjing Chest Hospital, and to provide references for improving prognosis and controlling the epidemic of tuberculosis. Methods A total of 194 cases of PTB-DM inpatients in Nanjing Chest Hospital from August 2013 to July 2014 were enrolled, and 1 262 inpatients with pure pulmonary tuberculosis at the same period were as control. The prevalence and clinical features of the PTB-DM inpatients were described with rate and composition proportion, and the related factors were further discussed. Results Prevalence of PTB-DM was 13.32%. The average age of PTB-DM patients was 50 years old. Most of the PTB-DM patients were farmers with low economic income and poor education level. Most of the PTB-DM patients had high divorced or widowed ratios and smoking habit. The PTB-DM patients had bad blood glucose control and more serious clinical symptoms. Compared with the pure pulmonary tuberculosis patients, PTB-DM patients had higher positive rate of sputum mycobacterium tuberculosis(70.62%), lung cavity rate(72.16%)and poor prognosis rate(12.22%)with χ2 being respective 55.143, 49.124, and 8.99(all P<0.05). Conclusion The PTB-DM inpatients have serious clinical symptoms. PTB-DM associated risk factors should be paid attention to and large-scale and bi-directiona1 screening for pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus be strengthened to improve prognosis, reduce infection and control the epidemic of tuberculosis.

Two cases of multpile endoncrine neoplasia type 1 with Whipple syndrome

LI Dumin, WANG Qian, LI Chuanfu, WANG Qing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  62-66.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.258

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Objective To analyze the CT and MRI features of two cases of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1(MEN1), and improve the knowledge to it. Methods Lab examination, ultrsonography, CT and MRI enhancement scan were performed in two cases of MEN1 patients. Image findings were compared with the surgery of insulinoma resection and pathology. Results Eleven foci were found in operation. Four and six nodules were detected by CT and MRI, respectively. The nodules smaller than 0.5 cm were not found. Two, four and five lesions located at the head, body and tail of pancreas, respectively. One patient had pituitary microadenoma, the other had unilateral adrenal adenoma and bilateral parathyroid hyperplasia. Conclusion CT and MRI are valuable tools in the detection of multiple lesions of insulinoma in MEN1 patients but it is rather hard to determine the very small nodules.

Impact of topical use of tranexamic acid on hidden blood loss after femoral intertrochanteric fracture fixation with PFNA

LIN Jinxiu, SUN Dongsheng, ZHENG Xiao, YIN Dechao, LI Ye, WANG Kunpeng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  67-70.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.687

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical use of tranexamic acid(TXA)to reduce hidden blood loss after femoral intertrochanteric fracture fixation with PFNA. Methods A total of 113 femoral intertrochanteric fracture patients treated with PFNA were randomly divided into two groups, treatment group(n=57), and control group (n=56). For patients in the treatment group, 2 g TXA dissolved in 20 mL normal saline was injected into the femur medullary cavity after proximal femur reaming. For patients in the control group, 20 mL normal saline was injected. The hidden blood loss, total perioperative blood loss, visible blood loss and transfusion rate, and complications of vascular events were compared between the two groups. Results The hidden blood loss, total perioperative blood loss, and transfusion rate in the treatment group and control group were(572±79)vs(703±106)mL,(770±75)vs(892±83)mL, and 40.3% vs 60.7%. There were significant differences between the two groups(all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in visible blood loss and vascular events between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusions Topical use of TXA can significantly reduce hidden blood loss and transfusion rate after intertrochanteric fracture internal fixation with PFNA, without increasing risks of vascular events complications.

Assessment of skin temperature changes in determining success of transversus abdominis plane block

XIE Hai, LI Yan, ZHOU Qi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  71-74.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.214

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Objective To observe the reactivity of skin temperature changes on blocked area responding to pinprick testing in ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane(TAP), and to explore the accuracy of the temperature changes for nerve block effect. Methods A total of 30 patients who underwent lower abdominal surgery were enrolled. Bilateral ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block was performed before operation. After transversus abdominis plane was determined via ultrasound, 30 mL 0.25% ropivacaine was administered for one side. And then 4 points within the blocked area for pinprick testing were randomly selected, and the results of needle test after 10 min and skin temperature changes before and 10 min after injection were obtained. With the point analgesia(positive)as a criterion, the sensitivity and specificity to predict pain via temperature was assessed by analyzing the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC). The correlation was assessed by calculating Pearson correlation analysis. Results The patients' ROC value of skin temperature changes on blocked area responding to the pain assessment was AUC 0. 882(95% CI 0.796-0.968). Importantly, the ROC analysis displayed that the diagnostic cut-off value was 1.25 ℃, with sensitivity being 84.4% and specificity being 79.2%. The value of Pearsons correlation coefficient was r=0.671(95% CI 0.465-0.67). Conclusion Changes of skin temperature in blocked area after transversus abdominis plane shows high accuracy responding to nerve block effect, which makes skin temperature measuring a good way in determining block success when sensory testing is impossible.

Statistical inference for detecting co-association of two whole genes based on score test

XU Jing, YUAN Zhongshang, XUE Fuzhong, LIU Yanxun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  75-79.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.667

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Objective To develop a novel score-based statistical method for inferring co-association of two whole genes. Methods Statistical simulations and real data analysis were used to assess the stability and validity of the score-based statistic. Results Statistical simulation results demonstrated that the type I error rates of the score-based statistic were stable. Its power increased with the larger interaction effects under fixed sample sizes and also increased with the larger sample sizes under fixed interaction effects. Furthermore, real data analysis showed that the co-association of LRP5 and LRP6 was significant(P=0.031). Conclusion The score-based statistic is a powerful method of testing co-association of two whole genes.

Changes of lifestyles and obesity indexes for retirees

LIU Ruihong, DING Lijie, XUE Fuzhong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  80-85.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.410

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Objective To explore retirees changes of lifestyles, dietary habits, as well as anthropology indexes before and after retirement. Methods With reference to data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)from 1997 to 2011, data of 572 participants(304 female and 268 male)were analyzed. The participants were >40 years old when they were first investigated, had complete professional information and retired during the period of study. Statistical descriptions and analyses were made to detect the differences of lifestyles, dietary habits and obesity indexes before and after their retirement. Generalized estimating equations(GEEs)were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of body mass index(BMI)and waist circumference. Results (1) In lifestyles, after retirement, the total amount of exercise decreased(P<0.05), and time to do housework was extended(P<0.05)for both physically demanding and sedentary occupations. In dietary habits, for all men and women, energy intake, carbohydrate intake and the prevalence of drinking decreased. (2) The BMI was significantly increased after retirement for men with physically demanding occupations(P<0.05), but the BMI for men with sedentary job before retirement remained unchanged(P=0.987). In obesity indexes, prevalence of central obesity was remarkably higher(P<0.05)in female after retirement. (3) The results of GEEs illustrated that smoking was a protective factor for BMI in men. Smoking and drinking were factors which could influence waist circumference in men. For women, high educational level was a protective factor for BMI incensement. Furthermore, age, rural area and educational level were associated with waist circumference in women. Conclusion The changes of lifestyles and anthropology indexes for retirees are different in different populations. Targeted health education is essential for further health intervention.

Association between serum alanine transaminase with metabolic syndrome and its components based on a longitudinal health check-up study in Dongying City, China

XIAO Juan, CHEN Qicai, ZHANG Pengpeng, CHEN Lili, CHEN Xiaoxiao, WANG Shumei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2016, 54(1):  86-91.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.535

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Objective To investigate the association of serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT)with metabolic syndrome(MS, including hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia)categorized by different numbers of MS components at baseline. Methods A dynamic health examination cohort study was conducted during 2006 and 2011, which included 5 122 participants who satisfied two basic rules: being free of MS at 1^st health check, and having at least three complete health checks. With generalized estimating equation(GEE)model, multivariable relative risk 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)54卷1期 -肖娟,等.东营市某三甲医院纵向体检资料的血清谷丙转氨酶水平与代谢综合征的相关性 \=-(RRs)of time-varying ALT with MS and its components were analyzed. Results Increased serum ALT was positively associated with MS and its components. Compared with Q1, RRs(Q4 of ALT for MS)of participants with 0-2 components at baseline were 4.39(2.26-8.52), 6.97(3.37-14.42)and 1.93(1.26-2.95), respectively. Elevated ALT showed stronger predictability for MS in participants with 0 or 1 component of MS than participants with 2 components. Conclusion Elevated serum ALT is an early biomarker of MS and its components. Especially, it may increase the risk of MS in participants with 0 or 1 component of MS.