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山东大学学报 (医学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 127-133.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2021.0833

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2017年某地重金属多介质多暴露途径的健康风险评估

张盈盈1,岳帅1,2,杜艳君1,3,4,班婕1,李湉湉1   

  1. 1.中国疾病预防控制中心环境与人群健康重点实验室, 中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所, 北京 100021;2.天津医学高等专科学校, 天津 300222;3. 中国科学院生态环境研究中心, 北京 100085;4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 杜艳君. E-mail:duyanjun@nieh.chinacdc.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(21906156)

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in multiple environmental media through multi-pathways in a certain area in 2017

ZHANG Yingying1, YUE Shuai1,2, DU Yanjun1,3,4, BAN Jie1, LI Tiantian1   

  1. 1. China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China;
    2. Tianjin Medical College, Tianjin 300222, China;
    3. Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
    4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Published:2021-12-29

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摘要： 目的 评估某地多种环境介质中重金属的污染水平及健康风险,为制定相关政策和采取干预措施保护人群健康提供参考依据。 方法 通过环境健康综合监测项目收集空气PM2.5、饮用水及土壤介质中5种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Hg)的监测数据,采用经典“四步法”评估重金属的健康风险。 结果 2017年某地As、Cd、Cr(VI)、Pb、Hg在空气PM2.5中的浓度中位数分别为1.98、0.46、0.41、21.00、0.10 ng/m3,在饮用水中的浓度中位数分别为1.25、0.25、2.00、1.25、0.05 μg/L,在土壤中的浓度中位数分别为7.82、0.17、8.92、27.50、0.08 mg/kg。空气PM2.5、饮用水、土壤介质中5种重金属各暴露途径的慢性和急性非致癌风险均<1,且5种重金属的累积非致癌风险均<1;饮用水中As、Cd、Cr(VI)经口摄入途径的致癌风险分别为5.26×10-5、4.49×10-6、2.80×10-5,空气PM2.5中As、Cr(VI)吸入途径的致癌风险分别为8.51×10-6、4.92×10-6,土壤中As、Cr(VI)经口摄入途径的致癌风险分别为8.77×10-6、3.33×10-6。As、Cd、Cr(VI)的累积致癌风险CCR分别为7.02×10-5、5.48×10-6、3.63×10-5。 结论 2017年某地5种重金属多介质多暴露途径的非致癌风险均较低,As、Cd、Cr(VI)具有一定的致癌风险,应予以重视。

关键词: 重金属, 环境介质, 多暴露途径, 暴露评估, 健康风险

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the pollution levels and health risks of heavy metals in various environmental media in a certain area, and to provide a basis for formulating relevant policies and adopting intervention measures to protect public health. Methods Data of five heavy metals(As, Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg)in PM2.5 in ambient air, drinking water and soil were collected through Chinese Environmental Public Health Tracking. The health risks of the metals were calculated. Results In 2017, the median concentrations of As, Cd, Cr(VI), Pb, and Hg were 1.98, 0.46, 0.41, 21.00 and 0.10 ng/m3 in PM2.5 in ambient air; 1.25, 0.25, 2.00, 1.25 and 0.05 μg/L in drinking water; 7.82, 0.17, 8.92, 27.50 and 0.08 mg/kg in soil, respectively. Hazard quotient(HQ)and hazard index(HI)of the five heavy metals in PM2.5 in ambient air, drinking water and soil were all below 1. Carcinogenic risks(CR)of As, Cd, and Cr(VI)were 5.26×10-5, 4.49×10-6 and 2.80×10-5 in drinking water through oral route. CR of As and Cr(VI)were 8.51×10-6 and 4.92×10-6 in PM2.5 in ambient air through inhalation pathway and 8.77×10-6 and 3.33×10-6 in soil through oral route. Cumulative carcinogenic risk(CCR)of As, Cd, Cr(VI)were 7.02×10-5, 5.48×10-6 and 3.63×10-5, respectively. Conclusion In 2017, the non-carcinogenic risks of the five heavy metals in the multiple environmental media through multiple exposure pathways in a certain district were acceptable. The carcinogenic risks of As, Cd, and Cr(VI)were higher than the acceptable risk and should be paid attention to.

Key words: Heavy metals, Environmental media, Multi-pathways, Exposure assessment, Health risk

中图分类号: 

  • R12
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