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山东大学学报 (医学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 120-126.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2021.1030

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济南市涉农区县农田土壤重金属污染现况及多途径暴露人群健康综合风险研究

张迎建1,彭秀苗1,朱云昆2,周敬文1,崔亮亮1   

  1. 1. 济南市疾病预防控制中心环境健康所, 山东 济南 250021;2. 商河县疾病预防控制中心检验科, 山东 济南 251600
  • 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 崔亮亮. E-mail:cll602@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家环境健康风险评估试点建设项目;中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康研究基地建设项目;2021年济南市卫生健康委员会公共卫生计划专项项目(2021-公-05)

Comprehensive health risk of people exposed to farmland soil related heavy metals and the pollution status in agriculture area of Jinan City

ZHANG Yingjian1, PENG Xiumiao1, ZHU Yunkun2, ZHOU Jingwen1, CUI Liangliang1   

  1. 1. Institute of Environmental Health, Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China;
    2. Clinical Laboratory, Shanghe Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 251600, Shandong, China
  • Published:2021-12-29

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摘要： 目的 了解济南市涉农区县农田土壤重金属污染现况,评估其多种途径对暴露人群的健康综合风险,为科学有效地制定政策和采取措施以降低济南市涉农区县农田土壤重金属暴露的健康风险提供依据。 方法 选择济南市7个涉农区县作为调查现场,每区县按照两阶段分层抽样方法随机选择20个行政村作为监测点,每监测点采集1份农田土壤。实验室检测分析砷、铬、镉、铅、汞5种重金属。按照《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777-2021)对5种重金属进行慢性非致癌和致癌健康风险评估。 结果 全市共采集农田土壤样品124份,铬中位浓度最高为53.2 mg/kg,其次为铅(17.8 mg/kg)、砷(9.0 mg/kg)和镉(0.12 mg/kg),汞浓度最低(0.074 mg/kg)。重金属砷、镉、汞存在超标现象,超标率依次为3.23%、3.23%、0.81%。农田土壤中5种重金属的慢性非致癌风险危害指数(HI)均小于1;砷致癌风险累积致癌风险(CCR)中位数大于1.0×10-6,概率风险约98%,大于1.0×10-6;铬CCR中位数小于1.0×10-6,概率风险约1%,大于1.0×10-6;镉CCR中位数及最大值均小于1.0×10-6。农田土壤中重金属经口摄入途径危害商(HQ)及致癌风险(CR)相对高于经皮肤接触途径。 结论 济南市涉农区县农田土壤中重金属砷、铬、镉、铅、汞慢性非致癌风险较低,重金属砷致癌风险较高,应将砷作为济南市农田优先控制的一项重点污染物。

关键词: 农田, 土壤, 重金属, 健康风险

Abstract: Objective To explore the current situation of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil, assess the comprehensive health risk of the exposed population through various ways, and provide an scientific basis for formulating policies and taking measures to reduce the health risk of heavy metal exposure in farmland soil in rural areas and counties of Jinan City. Methods Seven agricultural districts and counties in Jinan City were selected as the investigation sites. According to the method of two-stage stratified sampling, 20 administrative villages were randomly selected as monitoring sites, and one sample of farmland soil was collected from each monitoring point. Five kinds of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury and arsenic were detected and analyzed in the laboratory. Assessment of carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic health risks of five heavy metals were carried out according to the Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Exposure(WS/T 777-2021). Results A total of 124 farmland soil samples were collected in the city. The highest median concentration of chromium was 53.2 mg/kg, followed by lead(17.8 mg/kg), arsenic(9.0 mg/kg)and cadmium(0.12 mg/kg), and the lowest concentration of mercury was 0.074 mg/kg. Arsenic, cadmium and mercury exceeded the standard, and the over-standard rates were 3.23%, 3.23% and 0.81%, respectively. The HI of chronic non-carcinogenic health risk of five heavy metals in farmland soil was less than 1; the median CCR of arsenic carcinogenic health risk was more than 1.0×10-6, and the probability risk was about 98%, bigger than 1.0×10-6; the median CCR of chromium was less than 1.0×10-6, and the probability risk was about 1%, bigger than 1.0×10-6; the median and maximum CCR values of cadmium were less than 1.0×10-6. HQ and CR values in the oral intake pathway of heavy metals in farmland soil were relatively higher than those in the skin contact pathway. Conclusion The risk of chronic non-carcinogenicity of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead and mercury in farmland soils of agricultural districts and counties in Jinan City is low, and the risk of carcinogenicity of arsenic is high, so arsenic should be taken as the priority control of soil heavy metal in farmland in Jinan City.

Key words: Farmland, Soil, Heavy metal, Health risk

中图分类号: 

  • R127
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