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山东大学学报 (医学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 70-77.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2021.1079

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郑州市两城区大气PM2.5中金属、类金属污染特征及健康风险评估

杨似玉,闫晓娜,彭靖,张杰,王永星,张欣烨,张书芳   

  1. 河南省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生研究所, 河南 郑州 450016
  • 发布日期:2021-12-29
  • 通讯作者: 张书芳. E-mail:13592610127@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河南省医学科技攻关计划(联合共建)项目(LHGJ20200144,LHGJ20210155)

Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in PM2.5 in two districts of Zhengzhou

YANG Siyu, YAN Xiaona, PENG Jing, ZHANG Jie, WANG Yongxing, ZHANG Xinye, ZHANG Shufang   

  1. Department of Public Health, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, Henan, China
  • Published:2021-12-29

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摘要： 目的 对郑州市两区大气中细颗粒物(PM2.5)中金属、类金属污染特征及来源进行解析,并评估当地居民经吸入途径的致癌和非致癌风险。 方法 2019年测定郑州市二七区、经开区大气PM2.5及其中12种金属、类金属浓度,结合相关性分析及富集因子分析推测污染来源,并依据《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T777-2021)评估当地居民的健康风险。 结果 2019年郑州市二七区和经开区PM2.5年均浓度分别为78 μg/m3、81 μg/m3;两区大气PM2.5所含金属、类金属浓度为:铝>锰>铅>砷>硒>铬>锑>镉>镍>汞>铊>铍;多数金属、类金属浓度在不同季度差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05 ),采暖期大于非采暖期;二七区铍富集因子(EF)值介于1~10,两区其他金属、类金属EF值均大于10;两区大气PM2.5中砷(3.0×10-5/2.9×10-5)、镉(2.2×10-6/2.4×10-6)、铬(4.9×10-6/3.2×10-6)超额致癌风险大于1×10-6,已评估的10种金属、类金属非致癌风险危害商(HQ)值均小于1。 结论 郑州市大气PM2.5所含污染物较之前有所下降,但较其他地区仍有一定差距,砷、铬、镉具有潜在的致癌性风险,应给予重点关注,应针对交通、工业、燃煤等可能污染源采取控制措施,减少居民暴露。

关键词: 细颗粒物, 金属, 类金属, 富集因子分析, 健康风险评估

Abstract: Objective To investigate the characteristics and sources of metals and metalloids in PM2.5 in Zhengzhou and the carcinogenic risk and noncarcinogenic risk through inhalation route. Methods Ambient PM2.5 was collected and weighed in Erqi District and Jingkai District in 2019 and 12 kinds of metals and metalloids in PM2.5 were measured. Source apportionment of metals and metalloids in PM2.5 were conducted and health risks were evaluated according to Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Exposure(WS/T777-2021). Results In 2019, the annual average concentrations of ambient PM2.5 in Erqi District and Jingkai District were 78 μg /m3 and 81 μg/m3 respectively. The concentrations of metals and metalloids in PM2.5 from high to low were Al>Mn>Pb>As>Se>Cr>Sb>Cd>Ni>Hg>Tl>Be. The seasonal differences of most metals and metalloids were statistically significant(P<0.05), and the concentrations in heating season were higher than those in the non-heating season. Enrichment factor analysis showed that the EF value of Be in Erqi District was lower than 10. The carcinogenic risks of As, Cd and Cr were higher than 1×10-6, which were(3.0×10-5/2.9×10-5),(2.2×10-6/2.4×10-6),(4.9×10-6/3.2×10-6)in Erqi District and Jingkai District respectively. For non-carcinogenic risk, the HQ of 10 metals and metalloids were all lower than 1. Conclusion The PM2.5 content in Zhengzhou City has decreased, but there is still a certain gap compared with other areas. As, Cd and Cr have potential carcinogenic risks, which should be paid more attention to, and control measures should be taken to reduce residents exposure to possible pollution sources such as traffic, industry and coal burning.

Key words: Fine Particulate matler, Metals, Metalloids, Enrichment factor analysis, Health risk assessment

中图分类号: 

  • R122.7
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