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Table of Content

      
    10 January 2017
    Volume 55 Issue 1
    Clinical concern of the second pregnancy under the two-child policy
    CHEN Zijiang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  1-4.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1479
    Abstract ( 1085 )   PDF (944KB) ( 258 )   Save
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    The decree of two-child policy has brought more pressure and challenges for obstetrics and gynecology. Considering the declining fertility and health of elderly mothers, clinicians need to communicate sufficiently with them, assess carefully their fertility and physical status, and implement effective assisted reproductive measures. Moreover, it is necessary to establish a standardized pregnancy examination system for women with scarred uterus due to caesarean section. In addition, the newborns’ health condition should not be neglected. In conclusion, clinical management of second delivery will become a new focus, which needs concern and specification.
    Fertility evaluation and assisted reproduction in elder women
    DENG Xiaohui, XU Yaxuan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  5-10.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1331
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    Female fertility declines with age, characterized by poor ovarian function and endometrial receptivity. Therefore, elder women who expect pregnancy should have their fertility evaluated first. At present, there is controversy as to the upper age limit for assisted reproductive technology, which is defined by most infertility centers as 43-45yrs. The focus of ART is to improve the quantity and quality of retrieved oocytes. For women without available oocytes, donation can be an alternative. In addition, age-related maternal and child risks should be taken into consideration.
    Risk of birth defects and cognitive disorder of children conceived by assisted reproduction technology in couples with advanced parental age
    ZHU Yimin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  11-15.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1335
    Abstract ( 1116 )   PDF (859KB) ( 258 )   Save
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    Along with the overall implementation of “two-child policy” in our country, the proportion of elder infertile couples seeking for assisted reproductive technology(ART)is increasing dramatically. However, ART for couples with advanced age is associated with low pregnancy rate and high complication rate, and the offsprings physical and mental health problems are prominent. Besides, The genetic risk on population quality still needs to be investigated. Therefore, elder infertile couples should make the decision cautiously when they seek for ART treatment.
    Quality of oocytes and embryos of elder women
    LI Mei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  16-21.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1333
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    Poor ovarian reserve and low fertility in elder women have been troubling both the patients and doctors. Low oocyte and embryo quality is the primary cause for low pregnancy rate and high abortion rate. Assisted reproductive technology(ART)can help ovarian stimulation, culture protocol modification and preimplantation genetic screening(PGS), which are conducive to obtaining healthy oocytes and embryos per cycle. However, ART is unable to increase the quality of oocytes and embryos derived from elder women. So far, there is no solution available to improve the low 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷1期 -李梅.高龄女性的卵子和胚胎质量 \=-ovary function in elder women. Therefore, elder women should take it seriously before they decide to conceive.
    Strategies for infertility treatment in elderly women
    SHI Yuhua, LI Jing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  22-25.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1332
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    Women older than 35 years of age should be counseled about age-related fertility decline and high risk of pregnancy complications if they have the desire of fertility. After failed attempts to conceive, in vitro fertilization(IVF), assisted reproductive techniques and adjunct agents may be adopted, including recombinant luteinizing hormone(r-LH), growth hormone(GH), coenzyme Q10(CoQ10), and dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA). Change of life style may increase live birth rate. Oocyte donation may be the most effective assisted reproductive strategy.
    Features of ovarian reserve and outcomes of assisted reproductive technology in elder patients with PCOS
    YANG Dongzi, MAI Zhuoyao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  26-32.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1334
    Abstract ( 1127 )   PDF (948KB) ( 339 )   Save
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    Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)older than 35yrs may possess a potential advantage of ovarian reserve compared with women of the same age. When assisted reproductive technology(ART)is performed, PCOS 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷1期 -杨冬梓,等.高龄多囊卵巢综合征患者的卵巢储备特点及其助孕结局 \=-patients younger than 40yrs usually have more retrieved oocytes than age-matched non-PCOS infertile patients. Nevertheless, age related decline in the quality of follicles and deficiency in fetal development adversely affect the outcomes of ART in PCOS patients thereafter. Data show that PCOS patients have the same tendency of age-related decline in terms of clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate, as with non-PCOS population of the same age, while metabolic and endocrine factors unfavorably influence pregnancy outcomes.
    Regulation of epithelial ovarian carcinoma SKOV-3 cell migration by YKL-40
    LU Heng, LIU Yanguo, LI Shuguang, CHEN Xiaokang, TIAN Qi, YI Cuihua, WANG Xiuwen
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  33-38.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1304
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    Objective To investigate the effect of YKL-40 on epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cell migration in vitro and to explore the underlying mechanism. Methods YKL-40 mRNA expression in SKOV-3 cells was detected by RT-PCR. SKOV-3 cells were transfected with modified lentiviral vectors containing YKL-40 gene and YKL-40 overexpression was validated by qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blotting. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the effect of YKL-40 on SKOV-3 cell migration. p38MAPK pathway was repressed by specific inhibitors and its effect on YKL-40 overexpressed SKOV-3 cell migration was further investigated. Results YKL-40 mRNA was not detected in SKOV-3 cells. After lentivirus transfection and puromycin selection, YKL-40 overexpressed cell line LV-SKOV-3 and negative control cell line NC-SKOV-3 were established. Further analyses confirmed YKL-40 was significantly increased in LV-SKOV-3 cells on both mRNA and protein levels compared to NC-SKOV-3. After YKL-40 overexpression, the migration ability of LV-SKOV-3 was enhanced while LV-SKOV-3 cell migration was decreased after inhibition of p38MAPK pathway via SB203580. Conclusion YKL-40 significantly promotes the migration ability of SKOV-3 cells, which is partly mediated by p38MAPK pathway.
    Regulatory role of KIF4A in the expression of angiogenesis- associated factors of macrophages
    CHEN Yikun, WANG Ketao, WANG Huayang, SHAO Qianqian, TAN Wanye, SONG Xiaobin, QU Xun, WEI Fengcai
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  39-43.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.200
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    Objective To explore the effect of KIF4A on expressions of angiogenesis-associated factors in M0, M1 and M2 cells. Methods THP-1 cells were differentiated into M0, M1 and M2 cells under the treatment of PMA and different recombination human cytokines in vitro. The expressions of several angiogenesis-associated factors in these three macrophage subpopulations were analyzed by ELISA. KIF4A siRNA was transfected into M0, M1 and M2 cells, and the levels of angiogenesis-associated factors after the transfection were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Results LIF, VEGF, sVEGFR1 and TIMP1 were detected from supernatant of M0 cells, whereas the expressions of sVEGFR2, Flt-3, Leptin, LeptinR and CD40L were not detected. The expressions of LIF, VEGF and TIMP1 did not significantly change during the differentiation from M0 to M1 or M2 cells(P>0.05). The expression of sVEGFR1 was also constant in M0 and M1 cells(P>0.05), but its expression was significantly up-regulated in M2 cells (P<0.01). After the transfection of KIF4A siRNA, the levels of LIF, sVEGFR1, VEGF and TIMP1 did not significantly change in M0 and M1 cells, and LIF, VEGF and TIMP1 in M2 cells(P>0.05). However, sVEGFR1 expression in M2 cells was significantly decreased after KIF4A siRNA transfection(P<0.05). Conclusion M2 cells exhibite higher sVEGFR1 expression and KIF4A is involved in sVEGFR1 expression in M2 cells.
    Role of methylation status of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene promoter in endometriosis
    CHEN Qi, LI Jiaqi, GUO Zhibin, JIA Jingyu, HE Linsheng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  44-48.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.942
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    Objective To study the methylation status of CRE sites in the cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)gene promoter and its correlationship with endometriosis(EMs). Methods The endometrial tissues were collected from 40 women with laparoscopically confirmed EMs(case group), and 40 women without EMs(control group). The methylation status of COX-2 was examined by pyrosequencing. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were respectively performed to measure mRNA expression levels and protein levels of COX-2 in endometrial tissues. Finally, the correlation between COX-2 expression level and methylation frequencies of CRE sites were analyzed. Results The methylation frequencies of CRE sites in the COX-2 gene promoter was higher in the control group(40.81%±6.10%)than that in the case group(14.74%±2.84%), P<0.05. COX-2 mRNA levels(0.98±0.37)and protein levels(1.00±0.73)in the control group was significantly lower than the mRNA levels(2.63±0.44)and protein levels 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷1期 -陈琦,等.环氧化酶-2基因启动子区甲基化水平在子宫内膜异位症中的作用 \=-(2.74±1.18)in the case group, both P<0.05. The correlation between COX-2 expression levels and methylation frequencies of CRE sites in the COX-2 gene promoter was negative(P<0.05). Conclusion The hypomethylation of CRE sites within the promoter of COX-2 may be responsible for the elevated gene expression in eutopic endometrium of EMs.
    Expression of LXRα in ovarian carcinoma and effects of T0901317 on SKOV3 cell line
    ZHAO Lu, JIAO Jun, ZHANG Teng, JIAO Xinlin, CUI Baoxia
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  49-53.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1548
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    Objective To detect the expression of liver X receptor α(LXRα)in normal ovarian tissues and ovarian cancer tissues, and to investigate the effects of the LXRs agonist T0901317 on SKOV3 cell line. Methods A total of 51 cases of ovarian cancer treated in our hospital during Aug. 2015 and Aug. 2016 were enrolled. Another 32 cases of benign ovarian lesions served as controls. The expression of LXRα was detected with immunohistochemistry. The proliferation of SKOV3 cell line treated with T0901317 was detected with CCK8 assay. The effect of T0901317 on the apoptosis of SKOV3 cell line was assayed with flow cytometry. Results There was significant difference in LXRα expression between normal ovarian tissues and ovarian cancer tissues(P<0.001). T0901317 significantly inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 cell line in a dose- and time- dependent manner(P<0.05). Activation of LXRs could induce the apoptosis of SKOV3 cell line significantly(P<0.05). Conclusion The down-regulation of LXRs receptor may be related to the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. For advanced ovarian cancer, activating LXR pathway is therefore a potential adjuvant therapy.
    DNA methylation and expression of SNRPN and GRB10 imprinted genes in human semen freezing-thawing process
    ZHOU Xue, WANG Yanrong, TIAN Long, MA Lianghong, YAN Bei, TIAN Jia, ZHANG Fan, ZHOU Yue, WANG Hongyan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  54-59.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1065
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    Objective To assess the effect of human semen frozen-thawing process on sperm DNA methylation status and mRNA expressions of SNRPN and GRB10 imprinted genes. Methods The semen samples were collected from 20 healthy men, and each sample was divided into two equalaliquots: fresh group(n=20)and cryopreserved group(n=20). Routine semen parameters was tested by computer-aided sperm analysis(CASA). Each semen sample was purificated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. The DNA methylation status of SNRPN promoter region neighbouring fragment and GRB10 promoter region fragment were determined by Sequenom DNA sequencing. The mRNA expressions of SNRPN and GRB10 were evaluated by qRT-PCR. Results Compared with fresh group,the semen parameters including sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility and forward-moving sperms all decreased in cryopreserved 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷1期 -周雪,等.冷冻复苏过程对人精子印记基因SNRPN和GRB10DNA甲基化及表达的影响 \=-group(P<0.05), and percentage of unforward-moving sperm increased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with fresh group, the mRNA expression of SNRPN decreased significantly in cryopreserved group(P<0.05). DNA methylation status on the forth methylation site(-902CpG point)of GRB10 promoter region fragment remarkably decreased(P<0.05)and the mRNA expression of GRB10 increased significantly in cryopreserved group(P<0.05). Conclusion The freezing-thawing process affects DNA methylation status and mRNA expressions of human sperm SNRPN and GRB10 imprinted genes. It suggests that the semen freezing technique routinely used in the human sperm bank may alter the epigenetic information of the gametes and consequently regulate the expression of related genes.
    Effects of female age on the outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening
    LI Yun, ZHONG Wanxia, YAO Ning, HU Shuanggang, LIU Hongmao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  60-62.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1534
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    Objective To investigate the female effects of age on the outcome of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and screening(PGD/PGS). Methods Clinical data of 149 patients who received PGD/PGS in our hospital during Jan. and Dec. 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to age: group Ⅰ(n=10, <25 years, 36 blastocysts), group Ⅱ(n=94, 25-34 years, 329 blastocysts), and group Ⅲ(n=45, ≥35 years, 89 blastocysts). The normal chromosome rate and clinical pregnancy rate of the three groups were compared. Results The normal chromosome rate in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 50.00%, 50.15% and 29.21%, respectively. There were statistical differences between groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ(χ=24.855, P<0.05), and groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ(χ=212.376, P<0.05). The clinical pregnancy rate in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 82.33%, 82.50% and 40.00%, respectively. There were statistical differences between groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ(χ=23.893, P<0.05), and groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ(χ=27.510, P<0.05). Conclusion The female age can affect the outcome of PGD/PGS. Age ≥35 years will significantly reduces the normal chromosome rate and clinical pregnancy rate.
    Expression of microRNA-200b in granulosa cells of PCOS patients and its significance
    JIA Yueyue, LIU Hongbin, LI Jingbo, LI Jing, ZHANG Jiangtao, SUN Mei, SHI Yuhua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  63-68.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1312
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    Objective To explore the expression and clinicopathological significance of microRNA-200b(miR-200b)in ovarian granulosa cells of patients suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with insulin resistance. Methods A total of 120 PCOS patients(78 with insulin resistance and 42 without)and 72 controls were enrolled. The expression of miR-200b was examined in ovarian granulosa cells by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR), and the clinical significance was analyzed. Results PCOS patients with insulin resistance had higher morbidity of overweight, obesity, hypertensive disease, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome than PCOS patients without insulin resistance and controls(all P<0.05). Expression of miR-200b was much higher in PCOS patients with insulin resistance than in PCOS patients without insulin resistance and controls(P=0.012, P<0.001). In PCOS 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷1期 -贾月月,等.多囊卵巢综合征患者颗粒细胞microRNA-200b的表达及影响 \=-patients with insulin resistance, the index of homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)was positively correlated with miR-200b expression(r=0.532, P=0.002). Conclusion PCOS patients with insulin resistance have high morbidity of long-term metabolic complications. The high expression of miR-200b is positively related to insulin resistance, which may be the underlying pathogenic mechanism for insulin resistance in PCOS patients.
    Expression and clinical significance of microRNA-183 in polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance
    LI Jingbo, LIU Hongbin, JIA Yueyue, WANG Ze, SUN Mei, SHI Yuhua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  69-74.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1313
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    Objective To explore the expression of microRNA-183(miR-183)in the ovarian granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)patients with insulin resistance(IR), and to evaluate its clinical significance. Methods A total of 120 PCOS patients including 78 with insulin resistance and 42 without, and 72 healthy controls were enrolled. The miR-183 expression was examined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(qRT-PCR). The correlation between miR-183 and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)was analyzed. The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the predictive power of miR-183 for PCOS insulin resistance. Results PCOS patients with insulin resistance had higher miR-183 expression than the control group(P<0.001)and PCOS without insulin resistance group(P=0.034). There was positive correlation 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷1期 -李婧博,等.microRNA-183在PCOS胰岛素抵抗中的表达及其临床意义 \=-between HOMA-IR and miR-183 expression in PCOS with insulin resistance group(r=0.476, P=0.003). The ROC analysis suggested that combination of miR-183 and body mass index(BMI)(AUC: 0.820, 95%CI: 0.750-0.889, P<0.001)might be an effective indicator. Conclusion The high expression of miR-183 is correlated to insulin resistance of PCOS and HOMA-IR, and may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS insulin resistance through follicular microenvironment.
    Analysis of the pathological changes and sex hormones in 147 cases of Sertoli cell only syndrome
    LIU Wen, LI Ting, YU Ruimei, XIE Lei, GAO Xuan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  75-79.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.073
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    Objective To observe the pathological changes and sex hormones levels in patients with Sertoli cell only syndrome(SCOS), and to analyze the feasibility of etiological treatment. Methods The testis biopsy samples of 147 SCOS cases were selected, including 74 cases(type I)and 73 cases(type II). The morphological changes were observed with light and electron microscope, and the testicular volume was determined. Sex hormones including follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), luteinizing hormone(LH)and testosterone(T)levels were detected in these patients and 100 healthy controls. Results Under light microscope, the SCOS cases exhibited complete absence of sperm cells; the seminiferous epithelium was composed of sertoli cells, which were disorderly arranged; the seminiferous tubule of 61 SCOS cases showed extensive fibrosis and hyaline degeneration; the lumen was smaller even blocked, and the interstitial cells were hyperplasia. Electron microscope observed that collagen fibrous tissue hyperplasia in the membranes, and abundant endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm of sertoli cells; mitochondria cristae disappeared and became vacuous, and much autolysosome was found in the cytoplasm of sertoli cells. FSH and LH levels were elevated in SCOS cases 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷1期 -刘雯,等.147例唯支持细胞综合征患者的睾丸病理分型和性激素分析 \=-(P<0.05), while there was no difference in T levels between SCOS cases and normal controls (P>0.05). Conclusion By testicular biopsy, we might classify SCOS according to the state of the seminiferous tubule membrane. The serum FSH level elevates in different pathological types of SCOS. Therefore, the state of seminiferous tubule membrane and changes of sex hormones might provide information for the treatment of SCOS with different pathogenesis.
    Impact of thyroid-stimulating hormone on blood glucose and serum lipids in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    ZHANG Lin, LI Jing, WANG Ze, ZHANG Jiangtao, MA Zengxiang, SHI Yuhua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  80-84.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1114
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    Objective To analyze the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)on blood glucose and serum lipids in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Methods A total of 1 034 PCOS patients without thyroid disease history were collected. Their height, weight, waist circumference(WC), hip circumference(HC), blood pressure, TSH, sex hormones, blood glucose, insulin, serum lipids were measured; body mass index(BMI), waist hip ratio, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)were calculated. Based on the normal TSH cut-off adopted in our hospital, the PCOS patients were divided into two groups: normal TSH group(0.27 μIU/mL≤TSH≤4.2 μIU/mL)and elevated TSH group(TSH>4.2 μIU/mL). The biochemical indicators of the two groups were compared. Results 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷1期 -张琳,等.多囊卵巢综合征患者促甲状腺激素对血糖、血脂的影响 \=-Of all patients, 163(15.76%)had elevated TSH level. There were significant differences between the elevated and normal TSH groups in body weight(P=0.015), BMI(P=0.021), WC(P=0.023), systolic pressure(P=0.006), and diastolic pressure(P=0.001). The prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in elevated TSH group than in normal TSH group. There are no significant differences between the two groups in 2 h blood glucose, FINS, 2 h insulin, and HOMA-IR(all P>0.05), but there was a rising trend in the elevated TSH group. The elevated TSH group had higher TC(P=0.027), TG(P=0.022)and LDL-C(P=0.049)than those of the normal TSH group. TSH was positively correlated to hip circumference, systolic pressure, diastolic blood pressure, FINS, 2 h insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, TG and LDL-C(all P<0.05). Conclusion PCOS patients with TSH elevated are prone to obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose metabolism disorder and insulin resistance. Therefore, such patients are suggested to have TSH level screened.
    Safety limit of cold extracorporeal perfusion and ischaemic storage of human uterus
    XU Xinxin, LIU Wen, WAN Jipeng, LI Tao, WANG Fei, WANG Xia, YAN Lei, LI Changzhong, CHEN Zijiang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  85-91.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.575
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    Objective To investigate the safety limit of cold extracorporeal perfusion with histidine-tryptophane-ketoglutarate(HTK)and ischaemic storage of human uterus. Methods A total of 7 uteri were obtained from patients undergoing extensive hysterectomy for cervical carcinoma. Three of them were perfused with cold HTK solution through each artery to detect the safe height of perfusion and to establish the mathematical model showing the relation between perfusion height and pressure. The other four uteri were perused at proper height, and then endometrium and myometrial tissues were collected and stored in HTK or normal saline(NS). The samples were then divided into 0 h group, HTK 3 h 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷1期 -许鑫鑫,等.人离体子宫冷灌注及冷缺血保存的安全区间 \=-group, HTK 6 h group, HTK 24 h group, NS 3 h group, NS 6 h group and NS 24 h group. The cellular morphology and contractility of each group was detected, and the tolerability of human uterine tissue to cold ischaemic after short-time perfusion was determined. Results The corresponding perfusion height of 90-140 mmHg perfusion pressure was 62-122 cm. Compared with 0 h group, the HTK 3 h and HTK 6 h groups did not exhibit any major changes, while the HTK 24 h group and NS groups displayed degenerative changes such as hydropic changes, loss of intercellular contacts, hydropic mitochondria and coarse chromatin. No apparent difference in contractility was observed in specimens in HTK 3 h, HTK 6 h and HTK 24 h groups(P=0.772), but the contractility weakened significantly in the NS groups compared with the HTK groups(P<0.05). Conclusion The safe height is 62-122 cm for extracorporeal perfusion of human uterus by cold HTK solution; human uterine myometrial tissue can tolerate cold ischaemia for at least 6 h when stored in HTK solution after short-time extracorporeal perfusion.
    Estimation of birth weight of term fetus based on mathematical equations
    ZHANG Man, MA Lin, KAN Yanmin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2017, 55(1):  92-96.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.703
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    Objective To establish a new accurate equation and to compare the accuracy with 19 kinds of known equations(5 clinical parameter equations and 14 ultrasonic parameter equations)for estimation of the birth weight of term fetus(FW). Methods A total of 224 term pregnant women with singleton between October 2015 and April 2016 in the North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital were included in the present study. They were divided into macrosomia group(FW<4 000 g, n=183)and non-macrosomia group(FW≥4 000 g, n=41). An ultrasound examination was performed 5 days before delivery. Clinical data and ultrasound data were collected. The data were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, analysis of variance, and LSD test. Results Three new equations were established: clinical parameter equation, ultrasonic parameter equation and joint parameter equation. Among them, the joint parameter equation showed the smallest absolute error in different groups, EFW(estimated FW)= 40.39×fundal height+84.60×AC+244.17×TCD+221.79×FSTT+141.98×LL+127.31×BPD-4 467.98. Among the 5 kinds of clinical parameter equations, Zhuo Jingru equation for the macrosomia group and the overall subjects, and Luo Laimin equation for the non-macrosomia group showed the smallest absolute error. Among the 14 kinds of ultrasound parameter equations, Hadlock FP(BPD, HC, AC, FL)for macrosomia group and the overall subjects, and Merz E(BPD, AC)for non-macrosomia group showed smallest absolute error. Conclusion The new established joint parameter equation can estimate FW more accurately.