Abstract: Objective  To investigate the immediate effects of different components meals with the same energy on  the plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin (INS) and blood glucose (BG) in the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Methods  A total of 52 patients matched in the age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were randomly divided into four groups and were given meals mainly consisted of glucose powder, steamed buns, protein and butter with the same energy, respectively. And they were defined as glucose powder group, steamed buns group, protein group and butter group with 13 patients in each group. The plasma GLP-1, INS and BG levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, electrochemical luminescence method and glucose oxidase method respectively before meal intake and at 1, 2, 3 h after meal intake. Results  There was no significant difference among the fasting plasma GLP-1, INS and BG levels in the four groups. The GLP-1, INS and BG levels in the glucose powder group and steamed buns group were higher than those in other groups at different time(P<0.05). The INS and BG levels in the glucose powder group were higher than that in the steamed buns group at 2h (P<0.05). The GLP-1 level in the steamed buns group was higher than that in the glucose powder group at 1h after meal intake(P<0.05), and both of them reached to the peak. The GLP-1 levels were significant different in the four groups at 2h, and that in the protein group was the highest (P<0.05).  Conclusion  The carbohydrates may promote the secretion of GLP-1 prior to protein and lipid. High carbohydrate food may promote the secretion of GLP-1 superior to pure sugar food. On the other hand, the high protein food has the most significant effect on stimulating the secretion of GLP-1.

Key words: Meal, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Blood glucose, Insulin