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Table of Content

      
    10 June 2012
    Volume 50 Issue 6
    Articles
    Factors influencing diabetic peripheral neuropathy in
    elderly type 2 diabetic patients
    ZHOU Yan1, GUO Li-xin1, ZHOU Lu2, WANG Yao1, MOU Zhong-qing1, WANG Xiao-xia1, YU Dong-ni1, ZHANG Li-na1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  1-4. 
    Abstract ( 832 )   PDF (1001KB) ( 325 )   Save
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     Objective   To analyze factors influencing diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN) in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.  Methods   The data of 1069 patients more than 60 years old who were hospitalized in Beijing Hospital from 2003 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the DPN group and the non-diabetic peripheral neuropathy (NDPN) group according to electromyography. The clinical characteristics were compared and the influencing factors were analyzed.   Results   ① There were 873 patients(81.7%)in the DPN group and 196 patients(18.3%)in the NDPN group;② There were significant differences between the DPN group and NDPN group in the following indicators (P<0.01 or P<0.05): age (71.20±6.70) years vs (69.54±5.92) years, duration of diabetes (12.42±8.02) years vs (9.89±7.67) years, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (9.04±2.52)% vs (8.26±1.91)%, sex ratio(male/female) 450/423 vs 83/113, fasting C peptide (471.25±320.31)pmol/L vs (529.72±298.10)pmol/L, total cholesterol (TC ) (4.93±1.27)mmol/L vs (4.62±1.09)mmol/L, and low density lipoproteincholesterol(LDL)  (2.95±0.90 ) mmol/L vs (2.77±0.81)mmol/L. ③ Logistic regression analysis showed that ORs of age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c and TC were 1.047, 1.042, 1.152, and 1.275 respectively.   Conclusions   In elderly type 2 diabetic patients, age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c and TC were found to be the influencing factors of DPN. It seems to be beneficial to control both blood glucose and blood lipid to prevent and treat DPN in elderly type 2 diabetic patients.

    Effects of rosiglitazone on amyloid-beta peptide clearance from brain
    micro/small vessels by -regulation of LRP-1 in diabetic rats
    XU Wen-juan1, ZHU Mei-jia2, ZHAO Zhang-ning2, SUN Zhong-wen1, BAO Meng-xin1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  5. 
    Abstract ( 743 )   PDF (2179KB) ( 355 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the effects of rosiglitazone on expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP-1) and the clearance mechanism of 40-aminoacid form of amyloid beta (Aβ1-40) in brain micro/small vessels in different courses of diabetic rats. Methods   Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats were used as type 2 diabetic models. The GK rats were randomly divided into three groups: the 3-month-old GK rats group (DM3 group), the 6-month-old GK rats group (DM6 group) and the DM6 treated with rosiglitazone group (DM6RSG group). The DM3 group also acted as the control group. Expressions of Aβ1-40 and LRP-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Expressions of LRP-1mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Results    Compared to that of the DM3 group, expression of Aβ1-40 in the brain tissue was higher in the DM6 group (P<0.01). Compared to those of the DM6 group, expressions of LRP-1 and LRP-1mRNA in the brain tissue were higher in the DM6RSG group (P<0.05), however, expression of Aβ1-40 in the brain tissue was lower in the DM6RSG group than that of the DM6 group (P<0.01). Conclusion   With diabetes mellitus progression, the deposition of Aβ1-40 in brain micro/small vessels significantly increases. Rosiglitazone can up-regulate expressions of LRP-1 and LRP-1mRNA and then decrease the deposition of Aβ1-40 in diabetic brain tissue micro/small vessels.

    Relationship between the alteration of the serum melatonin level and
    its secretion rhythm and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetics
    SUN Dong, LI Ming-long, SUN Xiao-jing, LIN Ai-qing, ZHANG Rong-rong, PAN Cui-zhen
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  10. 
    Abstract ( 699 )   PDF (926KB) ( 370 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the relationship between the alteration of the serum melatonin (MT)level and its secretion rhythm and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods   32 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM group) and 16 cases of normal controls (NC group)were selected as study subjects. The DM group was further divided into the macrovascular subgroup (MV) and the nonmacrovascular subgroup (NMV). The levels of melatonin(MT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and nitric oxide (NO)in the serum were measured at 02:00(t2)and 08:00(t8) respectively, and the t2 to t8 ratio of every above index was used to indicate its circadian rhythm change. Results   ① The serum MTt2 level and the ratio of MTt2/t8 were significantly lower in the DM group than in the NC group(P<0.01 ), also the serum MTt2 level and the ratio of MTt2/t8 in the MV group were apparently lower compared with those in the NMV group(P<0.01). ② Compared with the NC group, the DM group had lower SODt2and SODt8 activities (P<0.01)and higher NOt2and  NOt8 levels(P<0.05). The same changes were also found in the MV group when compared with the NMV group. ③ Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MTt2 was negatively correlated with disease duration, HbA1c, and NOt2(P<0.05) and  positively correlated with SODt2(P<0.01). MTt2, however, was negatively correlated with NOt8 only (P<0.05). Conclusion   Type 2 diabetic patients have lower serum melatonin levels at night and abnormal circadian secretion rhythm.  These changes are associated with the enhanced  oxidative stress in the body and may result in the onset and development of diabetic macrovascular complications.

    Effect of mycophenolate mofetil on renal tubular epithelial
    cells trans-differentiation in diabetic rats
    WANG Jie1, CHANG Xiang-di1, LI Bing1, XIAO Xiao-yan1, ZHANG Yang1, ZHEN Jun-hui2, JIANG Hong3, HU Zhao1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  14-19. 
    Abstract ( 762 )   PDF (3697KB) ( 452 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the effect and possible mechanism of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF) on renal tubular epithelial mesenchymal transition in diabetic rats. Methods      Twenty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group (group N, n=8), the diabetes mellitus group (group DM) and diabetes mellitus treated with MMF group(group M, n=10). The diabetes mellitus model was constructed by streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Blood glucose, body weight, kidney weight/body weight, 24h urinary protein, serum creatinine and the pathological morphological change of renal tubulo-interstitial damage were detected after 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistrcal staining and Western blot were conducted to detect expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in renal tissues. Results   There was a significant difference between group N and group DM in the levels of blood glucose, kidney weight/body weight, 24h urinary protein, serum creatinine and tubulo-interstitial damage index(TII) (P<0.01). All the parameters significantlydecreased in group M compared with group DM (P<0.01), except for the levels of blood glucose and body weight(P>0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in renal tubular cells were higher in group DM compared with group N(P<0.01). But expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in group M were significantly lower compared with group DM( P<0.01). Western blot showed that expressions of α-SMA and TGF-β1 in renal tissue of group DM were increased by 3.4 and 1.1 times compared with the group N, and were reduced by 55% and 40% in group M (P<0.01).Conclusion   MMF can down-regulate expressions of αSMA and TGF-β1 in diabetic renal tubular epithelia, prevent the process of epithelial trans-differentiation in diabetic mellitus models, and play a protective role in diabetic nephropathy.

    Protective effect of FK506 on glomerular podocyte in
    early diabetic nephropathy rats
    CHANG Xiang-di1, WANG Jie1, LI Bing1, ZHEN Jun-hui2, JIANG Hong3, HU Zhao1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  20-25. 
    Abstract ( 838 )   PDF (4200KB) ( 429 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the protective effect of FK506 on glomerular podocyte injury in early diabetic nephropathy rats. Methods   Thirty-eight normal male SD rats were randomly divided into the normal control group(N, n=8), the diabetic nephropathy group(DN, n=10), the FK506 treatment group(F, n=10), and the lotensin treatment group(L, n=10).The diabetes mellitus models were established by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dosage of 60mg/kg in groups DN, F and L. The rats in group F were intra-gastriced with FK506(1mg/kg·d) after 4 weeks. The rats in group L were intra-gastriced with lotensin(10mg/kg·d) after 4 weeks, and the rats in the other two groups(group DN and group N) were treated with distilled water at the same dosage after 4 weeks. Blood glucose(BS), body weight(BW) and 24-hour urine protein were detected every 4 weeks. Serum creatinine(SCr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and kidney weight/body weight(KW/BW) were detected at the end of 8 weeks of the drug treatment. Pathological changes of nephridial tissue were observed under a light microscope and an electron microscope. Expression of Nephrin was detected using Western blot. Results   ①SCr, BUN, KW/BW and 24-hour urine protein in groups DN, were significantly higher(P<0.05) compared with the group N. The above indicators except for BS in groups F and L were significantly lower compared with group DN(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05); ②There was no significant abnormal pathological changes of nephridial tissue in group N under the light microscope. There were significantly increased glomerular volume, proliferative mesangial cells, broaden mesangial area and thicken basement membrane in group DN. The above histopathological changes of groups F and L were less compared with group DN(P<0.05), and there was no significant pathological difference between groups F and L(P>0.05); ③Under the electron microscope, group DN showed a significantly widened glomerular basement membrane, disordered, wide and fused podocytic-process. The above lesions in groups F and L were less compared with group DN(P<0.05); ④Western blot results showed that expression of Nephrin decreased by 60.1% in group DN compared with group N. Nephrin expression was obviously recovered in groups F and L. Conclusion   FK506 may reduce urinary protein and offer renal protection in diabetic rats partly by alleviating structural and functional podocyte damage through restoring Nephrin expression in podocytes.

    Effects of Cordyceps sinensis on expressions of DKK1 and
    β-catenin in diabetic rats
    DU Yue-juan1, LIU Yuan-tao2, LU Sheng-xia1, LIU Ye1, QI Wen-wen1, FU Yu-qin1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  26. 
    Abstract ( 807 )   PDF (3066KB) ( 446 )   Save
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    Objective   To study the effects of Cordyceps sinensis on expression of fibronectin (FN) , Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and β-catenin in the kidney of diabetic rats, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying. Methods   Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (60mg/Kg). Diabetic rats were randomly divided into the none-treatment group (n=12) and the Cordyceps treatment group (n=12). None diabetic Wistar rats were used as controls (n=12). After 12 weeks, the rats were sacrificed. The level of blood glucose, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were determined. The protein and mRNA levels of DKK1, β-catenin and FN were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. DKK1 protein expression was further examined by western blot. Results    Compared with control group, the levels of UACR and Ccr in no treatment group and Cordyceps treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.05), the mRNA and protein levels of FN and DKK1 were significantly elevated (P<0.05). Compared to no treatment group, the levels of UACR and Ccr in Cordyceps treatment group were decreased, the mRNA and protein levels of FN and DKK1 were reduced(P<0.05).Compared with control group, β-catenin expression was significantly reduced in none-treatment group as demonstrated by immunostaining (P<0.05);while βcatenin expression was significantly higher in Cordyceps-treatment group compared with no treatment group (P<0.05). Conclusion   Cordyceps sinensis may reduce the excessive accumulation of FN in the kidney of diabetic rats through suppressing DKK1 expression and stabilizing β-catenin protein.

    Research advances on in vitro culture techniques of corneal epithelial cells
    WANG Rui-xin, FAN Ting-jun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  31. 
    Abstract ( 1037 )   PDF (945KB) ( 460 )   Save
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    In vitro reconstruction of tissue-engineered corneas for transplantation is an effective way to cure corneal blindness, and the key issue is the source of corneal epithelial seed cells. Due to the short life-span of corneal epithelial cells in vitro, improvement of culture techniques to obtain the cells with strong proliferation ability is believed to solve the seed cells source problem. In this present paper, we reviewed the in vitro culture techniques of corneal epithelial cells including culture methods and conditions.

    Expression and significance of RANTES and CCR5 in
    chronic rejection of cardiac allografts
    ZHANG Yuan-hao, SONG Guang-min, ZHAO Wen-jie, BAI Xiao,ZHANG Jing-guo, ZHAO Xin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  38. 
    Abstract ( 704 )   PDF (2396KB) ( 326 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate expressions of regulation upon activation of normal T-cell expressed and secreted(RANTES) and CCR5 in the chronic rejection of cardiac allografts. Methods   Cervical cardiac transplantation by cuff-technique was performed from Wistar rats to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The SD rat recipients were randomly divided into 3 groups: (A) (n=12) Both the recipients and the donors were without any treatment. (B)(n=12) The recipients were treated with 10mg/kg-1 cyclosporine A after transplantation and euthanized 2 to 3 months later. (C)(n=24) The Sprague-Dawley rat recipients were pretreated with donor splenocyte (SPC) and cyclophosphamide (CP). Half were euthanized 15-60 days after transplantation(C1) and the other half were monitored for at least 6 months after transplantation(C2). Pathological change of the allograft caused by the rejection was observed by H-E staining. Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV)was observed by Van Gieson staining. Expressions of RANTES and CCR5 were monitored by immunohistochemistry.  Results   Pretreatment of animals with SPC and CP induced long-term cardiac allograft survival. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated a low level of RANTES and CCR5 expressions in the cardiac allograft muscles and coronary arteries in Group C. In contrast, expressions of RANTES and CCR5 in the cardiac allografts of Groups A and B were significantly higher than those in Group C (P<0.05). The CAV and myocardial fibrosis were dramatically reduced in Group C compared with those of Groups A and B (P<0.05).  Conclusion   Expressions of RANTES and CCR5 in cardiac allografts may play an important role during the development of chronic rejection.

    Comparison of mechanical properties between glutaraldehyde tanned
    donkey pericardium and bovine pericardium in vitro
    CHEN Shan-liang1, XU Li2, WANG Xue-mei2, LIU Yu-xi3, LI Quan2, ZHANG Hui2, LU Ping2, LIU Tian-qi2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  42. 
    Abstract ( 892 )   PDF (2432KB) ( 420 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate donkey pericardial mechanical properties in  biological valve preparation conditions. Methods   Glutaraldehyde tanned acellular donkey pericardium was regarded as the experimental group, and glutaraldehyde tanned acellular bovine pericardium was regarded as the control group. The donkey pericardium and bovine pericardium were observed under a light microscope to identify the decellularized effect. The properties of temperature shrinkage, pericardial thickness, maximum load, tensile strength and tear strength were compared between the two groups. Results   There were no residual nuclei in the decellularized donkey and bovine pericardium. There were many visible diffuse nuclei existing in the non-decellularized donkey and bovine pericardium. There was no difference between the two groups. The statistical analysis of shrinking temperature showed no significant difference between the experimental group (87.5000±0.5916)℃ and the control group(87.5600±0.3715)℃ (P>0.05 ).  The donkey pericardium were significantly thinner in thickness and higher in tensile strength than the bovine pericardium (P<0.001). However, there were no differences between the two groups in temperature shrinkage, maximum load and tear strength (P>0.05). Conclusion   Glutaraldehyde tanned donkey pericardium is suitable for the production of heart valve materials with mechanical properties.

    Effect of xinmailong injection on proliferation and differentiation of
    neural stem cells in the hippocampus of newborn rats
    MAN Xiao-xiao1, YU Jun2, WANG Xiao-yun1, LIU Zhen1, LUO Shan-shan1,XIE Zhao-hong1, ZHAO Cui-ping1, BI Jian-zhong1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  46-50. 
    Abstract ( 861 )   PDF (2028KB) ( 352 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the effects of xinmailong injection on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells from the hippocampus of neonatal Sprague Dawley rats.   Methods   The hippocampal tissues of the newborn rat were dissociated and cultured with serum-free medium using single-cell cloning technique. Hippocampal neural stem cells of the 3rd passage were induced by xinmailong injection with various concentrations of serum and divided into the various experimental groups and the control group. Nestin, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuricine(BrdU), microtubule-associated protein 2(MAP-2), and glial fibrillary acidicprotein (GFAP) expression were detected using immunofluorescence cytochemical staining. The percentages of MAP-2 positive cells were obtained. Monotetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect neural stem cell (NSCs) proliferation under the condition of xinmailong injection.  Results   The percentages of MAP-2 positive cells in the various experimental groups were higher(P<0.05) than the control group. After 5 days cultivation, the NSCs growth tendency in the experimental groups was increased compared to the control group.  Conclusion   Xinmailong injection may facilitate the proliferation of NSCs and promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons.

    Activations of P-p38MAPK and caspase-3 in NMDA-induced cultured
    cortical neurons in vitro and the protective effect of SB203580
    LIU Xue-wen1, ZHU Jin-li2, TIAN Bu-xian1, LI Xi-dong1, CAI Ai-min1, XING Rui-xian1, ZHANG Xue-jie1, LI Qiu-shi1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  51-56. 
    Abstract ( 1000 )   PDF (2246KB) ( 318 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the activations of phosphorylation of p38MAPK(P-p38MAPK) and caspase-3 in cultured cortical neurons after NMDA injury and the protective effect of SB203580. Methods   Primary cortical neurons cultured for 7d were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group, the NMDA group and low, medium and high doses of SB203580 groups. The cortical neurons were pre-cultured with regular media including different doses of SB203580 (5,10 and 20μmol/L) for 24h before being exposed to NMDA (50μmol/L). MTT assay was used to evaluate cell survival. Apoptotic cortical neurons were examined using acridine fluorescent staining. Content of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) was detected. P-p38MAPK and caspase-3 protein expressions were detected by immunocytochemical(IHC) staining and Western blot (WB). Results   Compared with the control group, the OD value of the NMDA group was significantly increased(P<0.01), while it was decreased in the low, medium and high dose groupsof SB203580(P<0.05),  and apoptotic cortical neurons were significantly increased in the NMDA group(P<0.01). Compared with the NMDA group, the number of apoptotic cortical neurons was decreased in SB203580 groups(P<0.05). Content of  LDH was significantly increased in the NMDA group compared with the control group, (P<0.01), while it was significantly decreased in SB203580 groups compared with the NMDA group(P<0.05). Expressions of P-p38MAPK and caspase-3 in cultured neuron were remarkably up-regulated in the NMDA-induced group than in the control group, while they were significantly down-regulated in SB203580 groups than in the NMDA group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion   P-p38MAPK and caspase-3 are activated in cultured cortical neurons after NMDA-induced injury, and SB203580 has a protective effect through activation of P-p38MAPK and down-regulation of caspase-3.

    Expressions of cyclinD1 in ovarian cancer transplanted into nude mice
    DAI Jun1, LIU Pei-shu1, MA Dao-xin2, CHANG Xin-zhong1, FENG Jin-bo1, YIN Ge-ping3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  57-60. 
    Abstract ( 982 )   PDF (1338KB) ( 479 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the significance of cyclinD1 expression in ovarian cancer transplanted into nude mice. Methods   Human 3AO epithelial ovarian cancer subcutaneously transplanted models in nude mice were established. Expressions of cyclinD1 in normal tissues and ovarian cancer tissues were detected by immunochemistry and flow cytometry.  Results   Transplanted tumor models of ovarian cancer were successfully established in nude mice , and the mean success rate was 91.7%. CyclinD1 expression was negative in normal tissues. Overexpressions of cyclinD1 were detected in ovarian cancer tissues, and the positive rates were 35.00%, 55.60% and 73.30%. The apoptotic rates were 7.97%, 3.45% and 1.83%. Mean numbers of cyclinD1 were 23.15, 37.31 and 63.28. Conclusion   CyclinD1 up-regulation can be detected in ovarian cancer tissues. There is a positive correlation between the proliferation of tumor cells and expression of cyclinD1. CyclinD1 expression is related to the ovarian carcinoma development.

    Smac mimic potentiates cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis of
    ovarian cancer cells
    QIAO Zhen1, LIU Pei-shu2, HAN Bing1, WANG Yu1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  61. 
    Abstract ( 847 )   PDF (1567KB) ( 293 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the effect of a small Smac mimic molecule(compound 3) on cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis and growth inhibition of ovarian cancer cell lines. Methods   Cell viability and the growth inhibition ratio of the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 were measured by MTT in the compound 3-treated group, the cisplatin-treated group and the combination treatment group. Apoptosis and protein expression were detected by flow cytometry and Western blot. Results   Cell viability was inhibited in the three groups, and it was time-dependent. The growth inhibition ratio of SKOV3 in the combination treatment group was more significantly increased than the cisplatintreated group, and the apoptotic rate of SKOV3 in the combination treatment group was more significantly increased than in the other groups. Expressions of XIAP in SKOV3 cells were decreased in the compound 3-treated group and the combination treatment group. Activated fragments of caspase 3 in the combination treatment group were more increased than in the other groups. Conclusion    Treatment with compound 3 enhances growth inhibition and apoptosis of SKOV3 induced by cisplatin. The proapoptotic effect of compound 3 was correlated with expression of XIAP.

    Effect of simvastatin on lung apoptotic factor in chronic
    obstructive pulmonary disease rat models
    DING Qi-cui1, WANG Wei1, WANG Yong-bin1, CHEN Xu-dong2, WU Qian1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  65. 
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    Objective   To determine the effect and mechanism of simvastatin on lung apoptotic factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)rat models. Methods   30 rats were randomly divided into three groups: the normal group, the control group and the treatment group. The control group was treated by being exposed to smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide to establish the COPD rat models. 2 weeks later, the treatment group was treated with 2.5mg/kg simvastatin daily for 6 weeks. The rats were executed after 8 weeks. Lung tissue sections stained by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) were observed, and mean linear intercept as well as mean alveolar numbers were measured by micrographical analysis. Expressions of eNOS, iNOS and caspase-3 were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results   Emphysema and airway inflammation were observed in the control group, and the symptoms of the treatment group were lighter. Compared with the normal group, the mean linear intercept(MLI), iNOS, Caspase-3 in the control and treatment groups increased(P<0.05), and the mean alveolar numbers (MAN) and eNOS decreased(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the MLI, iNOS, Caspase-3 decreased(P<0.05) and the MAN and eNOS increased(P<0.05) in the treatment group. Caspase-3 in the lung tissue of each group positively correlated with iNOS(P<0.05), and negatively with eNOS(P<0.05). Conclusion   Simvastatin has a protective effect on the COPD rat models by increasing expression of eNOS and decreasing the expressions of iNOS and Caspase-3 which can reduce the apoptosis of COPD lung tissue.

    Effects of BNIP3 on autophagy of hepatoma cells: a study using
    BNIP3 over-expression vectors and BNIP3-shRNA vectors
    SUN Lei, WEI Qing, ZHANG Ying, HAN Li-hui
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  70. 
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    Objective   To explore the effects of BNIP3 on autophagy of hepatoma cells by using over-expression vectors and shRNA vectors. Methods   BNIP3 cDNA was extracted from human hepatoma cell line BEL-7402 and was cloned into the pcDNA3.1-His-C vector to construct an over-expression vector(pcDNA3.1-BNIP3). The recombinant shRNA expression vector targeting the BNIP3 gene was also constructed(pSliencer-BNIP3). Both recombinant plasmids were verified by sequencing, enzymatic digestion, RT-PCR and Western blot. The effects of BNIP3 on autophagy of hepatoma cells were investigated by transfecting BEL-7402 hepatoma cells with the recombinant plasimids. Results   Autophagy of hepatoma cells was significantly enhanced with pcDNA3.1-BNIP3 and compromised with pSilencer-BNIP3. Conclusion   BNIP3 was involved in promoting autophagy of hepatoma cells.

    Effects of DEC1 on proliferation of gastric cancer cells: an approach
    through a eukaryotic over-expression vector
    DAI Xin1, ZHENG Yan2, JIA Yan-fei2, XIAO Dong-jie2, TONG Shu-qing1, WANG Yun-shan2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  75. 
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    Objective   To construct a DEC1 eukaryotic expression vector and to observe the effects of the DEC1 gene on proliferation of MGC-803 cells (a gastric cancer cell line).  Method   The DEC1 gene was amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pGEM-T, and then into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3 resulting in a recombinant vector,named pcDNA3-DEC1.pcDNA3-DEC1 was transfected into MGC-803 cells. Expression of DEC1 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The effect of DEC1 on cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay and immunocytochemistry. Results   After transfection of MGC-803 cells,their DEC1 expression at both the transcript and protein levels was significantly increased, corresponding to high rates of cell proliferation. Conclusion   Expression of the DEC1 gene can promote cell proliferation of gastric cancer cells.

    Meta-analysis of temozolomide for highgrade gliomas
    WANG Yao-wu1, YIN Chun-li1, ZHANG Zhi-yong1, ZHANG Hong-yi1, ZHANG Kun1, ZHANG Zhi-min2, LIAO Heng1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  80. 
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    Objective   To compare and evaluate the effects of temozolomide and other drugs in the high-grade gliomas post-surgical treatment. Methods   In this literature review study, papers on temozolomide for high-grade gliomas were collected and Meta-analysis was performed using Stata software. Results   7 papers were included. Of 438 patients, 227 were in the treatment group and 211 were in the control group. The Meta analysis results showed that M-H pooled OR was 3.70 and 95% CI was 2.37-5.79, while the Mantel-Haenszel test showed that Z was 5.75 and P<0.01, which indicated the effects of temozolomide was significantly better than other drugs. Conclusion   At present, temozolomide can be used as the drug of choice  for high-grade gliomas.

    Bleeding in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformation:
    an analysis of contributing factors
    LI Ji-sen, WANG Zhi-gang, JI Yong, WANG Yi-hua, HAN Chao, JIANG Bin, HE Wei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  83. 
    Abstract ( 916 )   PDF (911KB) ( 282 )   Save
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    Objective   To study the risks of bleeding in patients with AVM by means of DSA analysis of cerebral angioarchitecture. Methods   Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was conducted on 87 patients with AVM. The possible relationships between bleeding and factors such as the location and size of AVM masses, the type and site of supplying arteries, the number and pathway of venous drainage, the co-existing aneurysms or venous tumors and their locations, were assessed using univariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Results   Univariate analysis suggested that factors that were positively correlated to hemorrhagic presentation included the site and size of AVM masses, the type and site of supplying arteries, the number of venous drainages, and co-existing aneurysms. Step-wise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that only the number of venous drainage and co-existing aneurysms were independent predictors for hemorrhagic presentation. ConclusionT   he number of venous drainages and coexisting aneurysms are risk predictors for hemorrhagic AVM presentation.

    The detection of Th17 cell correlation factors expression in glioma
    ZHENG Kun-peng1, SONG Hui2, FAN Ming-de1, ZHANG Yuan3, LI Ke1, WANG Cheng-wei1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  87-91. 
    Abstract ( 876 )   PDF (3469KB) ( 474 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate Th17 existence and infiltration in glioma by testing Th17 correlation factors expression. Methods   The presence of CD4+ and IL-17 were measured by immunohistochemistry in 34 human glioma tissues and 10 normal brain tissues. Expression levels of both IL-17mRNA and RORγtmRNA were detected by QRT-PCR technology. Results   Neither CD4+ nor IL-17 had positive staining in the 10 normal brain tissues. In the low grade group (WHOⅠ-Ⅱ), there were low expression levels of both CD4+ and IL-17. Compared with those of the low-grade group, there were obviously higher expression levels of both CD4+ and IL-17 in the highgrade group (WHOⅢ-Ⅳ). There was significantly statistical difference among the comparisons(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01). The QRT-PCR result showed that expression levels of IL-17AmRNA and RORγtmRNA had a positive correlation with the malignancy of human glioma. There was significant statistical difference among the comparisons of the three groups(P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion   There is Th17 infiltration in glioma,whose expression level has a positive correlation with the malignancy of human glioma.

    All-trans retinoic acid promoted human umbilical cord blood derived
    multipotent stem cells to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons
    LI Heng1, LI Xiao-hong2, BI Jian-fen3, CHEN Ya-na4
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  92-96. 
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     Objective   To explore the potential of human umbilical cord blood derived multipotent stem cells CB-SCs (cord blood stem cells) to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons under the treatment of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Methods   After isolating and culturing CB-SCs from human umbilical cord blood, stem cells were divided into three groups: the inductive group, the neuro-medium control group and the serum-free control group. After 12 days in culture, the morphology of cells was observed and dopamine neuron-associated makers were studied with immunofluorescence tests. Dopamine levels were analyzed by ELISA. Results   With the treatment of ATRA, most of CB-SCs were induced into cells of typical neuronal morphology, with little change in the neuro-medium control group. Cells in the serum-free control group kept proliferating and retained morphological features of CB-SCs. As shown by immunofluorescence tests, nearly half of the cell population in the inductive group exhibited positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). By contrast, TH+ cells in the neuromedium control group were only in small numbers. Furthermore, ELISA data established that the dopamine level was significantly higher in the inductive group relative to the neuromedium control group (P<0.001). Conclusion   ATRA can efficiently induce CB-SCs to differentiate into dopamine neurons.

    Immuno-suppressive effects mediated by mesenchymal stem cells of
    myelodysplastic syndrome patients
    HAN Yan-xin, CONG Ya-qin, WANG Zhi-min
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  97. 
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    Objective   To investigate expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia (MDS-RA) and myelodysplastic syndrome-refractory anemia with excess blasts (MDS-RAEB), and to discuss the immunosuppressive effects of MSC in the pathogenesis of MDS.  Methods   Bone marrow samples were collected from patients with MDS at diagnosis (n=23, 14 from MDS-RA, 9 from MDS-RAEB) and 12 controls. MSCs from bone marrow samples were isolated, cultured and expanded. The morphology of MSCs of the three groups was compared. The transforming growth factor-β1 and hepatocyte growth factor mRNA expression levels were detected by RT-PCR, the TGF-β1 and HGF concentrations of MSCs were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).  Results   The cultured cells from the patients with MDS presented a typical fibroblast-like morphology, which had no significant change compared with that of the controls. TGF-β1 and HGF mRNA expression levels and the TGF-β1 and HGF concentration levels in the MSCs of MDS-RA and MDS-RAEB groups were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). TGF-β1 and HGF mRNA expression levels and TGF-β1 and HGF concentration levels in the MSCs had no significant difference between the MDS-RA and MDS-RAEB groups (P>0.05). Conclusions   TGF-β1 and HGF mRNA expression levels and TGF-β1 and HGF concentration levels in the MSCs of MDS-RA and MDSRAEB groups weresignificantly lower than those of the control group, resulting in the decreasing ability of MSC immune suppression. Its mechanism may be related to lower immune surveillance and abnormal monoclonal hematopoiesis.

    The electron flexible cystourethroscope combined with a fascia
    dilator for simple urethral stricture
    YUAN Hang, JIN Xun-bo, SUN Peng, LI Peng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  101. 
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    Objective   To investigate the safety and efficacy of the electron flexible cystourethroscope combined with a fascia dilator to treat simple urethral stricture. Methods   80 patients with simple urethral stricture confirmed by physical examination and radiology underwent urethral dilation with the electron flexible cystourethroscope combined with a fascia dilator in our center. The outcomes were retrospectively analyzed in accordance with the stricture pattern, catheterization duration time and prognosis. Results   78 cases were successfully performed with urethral dilation without serious complications. The median time was 9min (7 to 12min). 64 patients were followed up (4 to 24 months). And 8 patients underwent the photo-selective vaporization of urethral stricture due to stubborn restenosis and personal delay of treatment. Conclusion   The electron flexible cystourethroscope combined with a fascia dilator in the treatment of simple urethral stricture demonstrates satisfactory safety, briefness and efficacy.

    A3 adenosine receptor expression in idopathic
    inflammatory myopathies
    YU Xiao1, YU Pi-xian2, ZHAO Dan-dan3, LIU Fu-chen3, YAN Chuan-zhu3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  105. 
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    Objective   To investigate the effects of A3 adenosine receptor(A3AR)expression in the pathogenesis of idopathic inflammatory myopathies( IIMs). Methods   Muscle tissues from 30 cases of IIMs including 15 cases of dermatomyositis(DM), 11 cases of polymyositis(PM), 4 cases of inclusion body myositis(IBM) and 12 cases of normal controls were collected. Histochemical staining and immunofluorescent staining of the A3AR antibody were used to detect the existence of A3AR in the muscle biopsies. Results   The cytosolic immunofluorescent staining of A3AR antibody was positive in the type Ⅱ muscle fibers, however, the staining was absent in the typeⅠmuscle fibers. 22 cases among the 30 cases of IIMs displayed a more intense cytosolic staining compared with that of the controls. Cell membrane fluorescent staining was positive in 19 cases of the IIMs, but it was negative in the controls. The highest intensity of the immunofluorescent staining for the A3AR antibody was localized in vascular smooth muscles and some necrotic fibers. Conclusions   The A3AR expresses in human type Ⅱ skeletal muscle fibers. Expression of A3AR increases in idopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) patients, and it may have a bidirectional regulation in the repairing and apoptosis of muscle fibers.

    Associations between breast cancer and serum
    levels of adiponectin and leptin
    ZHANG Jia-xin, MA Zhong-bing, YU Li-xiang, LIU Li-yuan, WANG Fei, GUO Ming-ming, WANG Feng, YU Zhi-gang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  110. 
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    Objective   To investigate the association between breast cancer and serum levels of adiponectin and leptin.  Methods   Data from 123 patients who were histologically diagnosed as breast cancer were collected through an epidemiological survey in China. Discounting the patients who refused to have blood specimens collected, 43 patients with breast cancer were enrolled. Then in the ratio of 1∶1, 43 women who attended the physical check-up but without evidence of breast cancer were included as the control. The pairing standards were of the same communities and ages(±3 years). Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) for final statistical analysis, such as paired t-test, χ2 test and conditional logistic regression analysis. Results   Compared to the control group, serum levels of leptin in breast cancer patients were increased, while serum levels of adiponectin and the adiponectin/leptin ratio were decreased. After conditional logistic regression analysis, the adiponectin/leptin ratio was found to be significantly correlated to breast cancer(OR=6.33,95%CI:1.87~21.40, P<0.01). Conclusion   The breast cancer group had lower serum adiponectin levels and higher serum leptin levels than the control group. The adiponectin/leptin ratio was more closely correlated to the breast cancer compared with the adiponectin or leptin levels alone. 

    The clinical significance of immunohistochemical expression in
    salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
    YANG Jing-lei1,2, XU Xin1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  114-118. 
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    Objective   To investigate the immunohistochemical -characteristics of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC), and the prognosis significance of CD117 expression in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods   By the technology of tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, expressions of Smooth Muscle Actin(SMA), p63 gene protein(p63), S-100 Protein, Cytokeratin-pan(CK-pan), Epithelial Membrane Antigen(EMA), Ki-67 Nuclear Antigen(Ki-67) and CD117/c-kit proto-oncogene(CD117) in 41 cases with SACC, 19 cases with salivary gland basal cell adenoma and 31 cases with salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma were observed. Expression intensities and distribution modes of the antibodies for the above proteins were summarized and analyzed for their significance in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis in SACC, basal cell adenoma and pleomorphic adenoma. Results   Different distribution characteristics of SMA, p63, S-100 Protein, CK-pan and EMA were discovered among SACC, basal cell adenoma and pleomorphic adenoma. The marker of SMA, p63 and S-100 Protein was positive in the peripheral zones of tumor cells, the lining cells of sieve pores and the outer cells of gland tubular structures in SACC. It was also positive in the peripheral zones of tumor cells and outer cells of gland tubular structures in basal cell adenoma and positively diffused or nested in pleomorphic adenoma. The marker of CK-pan and EMA was strongly positive in thecytoplasm and cytomembrane of tumor cells in SACC positive in the cytoplasm of lining cells of the adenoid structures in basal cell adenoma and also positive in tumor cells differentiated from the epithelial cells and partially positive in tumor cells differentiated from the myoepithelial cells in pleomorphic adenoma. The marker of Ki-67, it was different between cases of SACC with different prognosis. There was a statistical difference between the recurrent survival cases or cases of death and no recurrent survival cases (the P value of SNK-q test was 7.4729 and 5.2186 respectively, P<0.01). A strong positive expression of CD117 was discovered in cases of death, and a statistical difference was found between them and the no recurrent survival cases (P=0.0394). There was a poor prognosis for cases with a high Ki-67 index and a strongly expressed CD117. Conclusion   Different expressions of SMA, p63, S-100, CKpan and EMA may be valuable for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma, salivary basal cell adenoma and salivary pleomorphic adenoma. Expressions of Ki-67 and CD117 are related to the prognosis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.

    Detectable rate and risk factors of fatty liver in the Jinan
    physical examination population
    GAO Xi-mei1, WANG Jing2, YANG Xiao-yun1, GAO Li-ju3, WANG Kai4
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  119-121. 
    Abstract ( 951 )   PDF (909KB) ( 362 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the detectable rate of fatty liver and its associated risk factors in adult residents who had a physical examination in Jinan. Methods   2 162 adult residents aged over 18 years old who had a physical examination were included in the study. Age, height, weight, behavioral habits, liver function, serum lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and ultrasonographic features of the liver were collected. Results   The overall detectable rate of fatty liver in Jinan city adult residents was 20.3% (22.0% in males vs 18.0% in females, P<0.05). It reached the peak value in the male group of 40- years old and in the female group of 50-years old. Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and drinking were the risk factors which significantly correlated with fatty liver. Conclusions   The detectable rate of fatty liver is high among adult residents in Jinan. Male, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and drinking are closely associated with fatty liver.

    Relationship between psychosocial factors and duodenal mast cells in
    patients with functional dyspepsia
    YUAN Hai-peng1,2, LI Fu-kang2, LI Gai-qin2, WANG Xiao-hong2, LI Xiao-pei2, LI Yan-qing1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  122. 
    Abstract ( 784 )   PDF (1256KB) ( 370 )   Save
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    Objective   To explore the roles of psychosocial factors and duodenal mast cells in the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods   The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate the psychosocial status of FD patients. Mast cell abundance and  degranulation rates in the bulb (D1) and second part (D2) of the duodenum were obtained on  toluidine blue-stained sections. The relationships among the scores of anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D), the MC counts and MC degranulation rates in D1 and D2 were studied. Results   HADS-A and HADS-D scores were significantly higher in FD patients than in controls  (P<0.05).  This was  also true for duodenal mast cell abundance (P<0.01) and  degranulation rates (P<0.001). Scores of HADS-A and HADS-D were positively correlated with the duodenal mast cell abundance and  degranulation rates. Conclusion   The abnormal psychosocial status of FD patients is correlated with the increased abundance and degranulation rates of duodenal mast cells.

    Overweight, obesity and risk factors in children aged 7-12 years
    old in rural areas of Shandong Province
    LIN Shao-qian1, HE Pi-shan2, LI Jun1, LIU Da-cong3, GAO Li-jie1, JIA Xing-bing4, LI Hui1, LIU Dong-mei1, WANG Zhi-ping1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  125. 
    Abstract ( 851 )   PDF (927KB) ( 329 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the risk factors and the prevalence of overweight and obesity for children aged 7-12 years old in rural areas of 3 counties in Shandong Province. Methods   A cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged 7-12 years old from 17 randomly selected villages of 3 counties in Shandong Province from September 2009 to January 2010. Chi-square test and logistic regression methods were used to analyze the risk factors on overweight and obesity in children. Results   The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children aged 7-12 years old in rural areas of Shandong Province were 11.41% and 5.86% respectively and there was no significant difference in the prevalence of overweight or obesity between boys and girls. Multiple analyses showed that the factors influencing the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children were the time of watching TV(OR=3.062, 95%CI:1.708-4.932), the sleeping time(OR=2.693, 95%CI:1.136-5.641), the frequency of having fried food(OR=2.024, 95%CI:1.041-3.570), the frequency of having puffed food(OR=2.304, 95%CI:1.208-5.416), birth weight (OR= 1.615, 95%CI:1.0132.742) and overweight or obesity in parents(OR=1.846, 95%CI:1.109~3.520). Conclusion   The proportions of overweight and obesity in children aged 7-12 years old in rural areas of 3 counties in Shandong Province are high, and we should pay attention to prenatal nutrition, children′s dietary habits and life styles so as to prevent overweight and obesity in children.

    Incidence of injuries and its correlation with sleep quality
    among college students
    LUO Yan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(6):  130-132. 
    Abstract ( 763 )   PDF (906KB) ( 305 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate sleep quality among college students in order to develop preventive interventions. Methods   A retrospective study was conducted on the occurrence of injuries among 3 154 grade one and two students from a college in Huainan, Anhui. These students were selected by means of cluster sampling. The 260 students with recurrent injuries(i.e., ≥ 2 injuries per year) served as the experimental group, and a 1∶1 matched case-control study was performed. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire was used. Results   Incidence rate of injuries in college students was 27.65%, with fall injury being the highest(19.28%). Boys had higher incidences than girls(31.52%  vs 25.18%; P<0.01). There were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group, in the mean scores of subjective sleep quality, sleep time, sleep duration, sleep disorders and daytime dysfunction. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sleep duration, sleep disorders and daytime dysfunction were the risk factors for injury. Students with abnormal sleep quality had an accident proneness, with OR being 1.91 times higher. Conclusion   Counter measures for injury prevention among students with recurrent injuries should be made according to their sleep quality.