Table of Content

  

10 January 2012
Volume 50 Issue 1

Articles


Articles

Protective effects and mechanisms of ulilnastatin against renal injury in rats with diabetic nephropathy

XUE Xia1,2, XIAO Zheng-da2, WANG Shu-fang2, ZHANG Rui-bin3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  1-4. 

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Objective   To investigate protective effects of ulilnastatin(UTI) on kidneys of diabetic rats and the mechanisms. Methods   10 rats were randomly selected from 30 Wistar rats as the control group(group A). The remaining 20 rats injected with streptozotocin(STZ) were randomly divided into the diabetic group(group B) and the UTI group(group C), 10 rats in each group. Rats in group C were intraperitoneally administered UTI at the dose of 40000IU/kg, and rats in groups A and B were intraperitoneally administered a same volume of normal saline. At the 8th and 12th weeks,  fasting blood glucose(FBG), urine creatinine and serum creatinine(Scr) were detected; 24h urine was collected, and the albumin was detected, and creatinine clear rate(Ccr) was calculated. Nephridial tissue homogenate was made and malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), Connective tissue growth factor(CTGF), matrix metallopeptidase-9(MMP-9) and plasminogen activator inhibitor1(PAI-1) in serum and nephridial tissue homogenate were detected. Results   ① FBG in groups B and C was obviously increased than in group A (P＜0.05), while there was no significant difference between group C and group B (P＞0.05). ② 24h urinary albumin and Scr were obviously increased in groups B and C than in group A (P＜0.05), and they were obviously decreased in group C than in group B(P<0.05). ③ Ccr in groups B and C was obviously decreased than in group A (P＜0.05), and that in group C was obviously increased than in group B(P＜0.05). ④ In contrast to group A, MDA, CTGF and PAI-1 in groups B and C were obviously increased(P＜0.05), those in group C were obviously decreased than group B(P＜0.05). ⑤ SOD and MMP9 in groups B and C were obviously decreased than in group A(P＜0.05), those in group C were obviously increased than in group B(P＜0.05). Conclusion   UTI exerts protective effects on renal function of diabetic rats, and the mechanism of this action is related to decreases of urinary albumin, MDA, CTGF and PAI-1, and increases of SOD and MMP-9.

The effects of early intensive insulin therapy on insulitis and expression of Bcl-2/Bax in islet of diabetic NOD mice

SHAO Peng1， LI Gui-mei2， ZHANG Li-juan2， HU Yan-yan2， LIU Cai-hong2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  5. 

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 Objective   To investigate the effects of early intensive insulin therapy on insulitis, apoptosis and regeneration of islets. Methods   Twelve newly diagnosed diabetic female NOD mice were randomized into 2 groups： early intensive insulin therapy group(A, n=6)and PBS group(B, n=6), The treatments of these two groups were initiated within 3 days after the onset of diabetes. Also a PBS control group (C, n=6) of age matched nondiabetic mice was included in the study. Group B was sacrificed on the 20th day while the other two groups were killed after 60 days of treatment. Pancreases were removed to examine the insulitis scores by HE straining, and the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax on islet cells were detected by immunohistochemical straining. Results   Diabetic symptoms disappeared after early intensive insulin therapy. The insulitis score of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (P=0.01<0.05), and there was no significant difference when compared with group C (P>0.05). The Bax expression was stronger in intensive insulin therapy group than in group C (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference when compared with group B(P=0.25). The expression of Bcl-2 on islet cells was stronger in intensive insulin therapy group than in the other two groups(P<0.05). Conclusions   Early intensive insulin therapy can decrease insulitis of Langerhans and attenuate the beta cell apoptosis.

Effect of advanced glycation end products on oxidative stress andapoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells

DONG Chuan-fang1, LIU Xue-ping1, WANG Mei-xia1, XU Song1, YIN Qin-qing1, SUN Zhi-jian1, YOU Li2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  9. 

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Objective   To investigate the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on apoptosis of SHSY5Y cells, and to further explore the relationship between AGEs and the mechanism of Alzheimer disease. Methods   SH-SY5Y cells were treated with different concentrations of AGE-BSA for 48h, or with AGE-BSA (200μg/mL) for different times. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry (FCM) to determine the best concentration and time of AGE-BSA . SH-SY5Y cells were randomly divided into six groups: the normal control group, the BSA control group, the AGE-BSA group, the AGE-BSA+RAGE antibody group, the AG-BSA+Alpha lipoic acid (ALA) group, and the AGE-BSA+diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) group. Cell apoptosis was detected by FCM and Hoechst staining, the level of ROS was evaluated by the 2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method, and expression of Caspase-12 was analyzed by Western blot. Results   AGE-BSA induced SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. After treatment with 200μg/mL of AGE-BSA for 48 hours, apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells was significantly increased to (16.8±1.27) % from (2.23±0.08)%(P<0.05). Apoptosis-like cells could be found after Hoechst stained nuclei, the level of ROS and expression of Caspase-12 statistically increased compared with the normal group (P<0.05). Compared with the AGEBSA group, apoptosis of cells, level of ROS and expression of Caspase-12 in the AGEBSA+RAGEAb group, the AGE-BSA + ALA group and the AGEBSA + DPI group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusion   AGEs could induce the production of ROS and activation of Caspase-12, which may be involved in apoptosis of SHSY5Y cells induced by AGEs. Blocking the combination of AGEs and its receptor(RAGE) or reducing production of ROS may protect against AGEs-induced SH-SY5Y apoptosis.

COX-2 mediates changes of LPS-induced spinal long-term potentiation

YANG Hong-wei1, WANG Xiang-yu2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  15-18. 

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 Objective   To explore the roles of cycclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and proinflammatory cytokine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in spinal long-term potentiation (LTP). Methods   The C-fiber-evoked field potentials were recorded at superficial layers of the spinal dorsal horn at the lumbar enlargement, and the COX-2 expression in LPS-treated rats at different time points was measured by immunoblotting technique.  Results   Spinal LTP and COX-2 expression were significantly augmented 4h, but not 12h and 24h after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. NS398, a selective inhibitor of COX-2, reversed the elevated LTP induced by LPS 4h after injection. Elevated COX-2 expression in LPS-treated rats 4h after injection was significantly suppressed by NS398. Conclusion   Activation of COX-2 is involved in changes of LPS-induced spinal LTP.

Cloning and relativity analysis of gene CDK109 related to neural tube defects induced by hyperthermia

ZHANG Jing1, GAO Ying-mao2, SUN Jin-hao1, BAO Li-hua1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  19. 

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Objective   To screen for gene CDK109 from the cDNA library of the neural tube from golden hamster treated with hyperthermia, clone this gene and analyze its relativity with neural tube defects（NTDs） induced by hyperthermia. Methods   With BentonDavis hybridization, a oligonucleotide probe was used to screen the cDNA library of the neural tube from golden hamster model treated with hyperthermia, which had been constructed in our laboratory. Then the positive phage clone was transfected into E.coli BM25.8, the plasmid was isolated and identified by restriction enzyme digestion, and the positive plasmid was sequenced and blasted. By Northern blot, expression of screened gene CDK109 was detected and reconfirmed in heat-treated and control groups of golden hamsters on pregnant day 8.5. Results   The whole length of the CDK109 gene was successfully screened from the cDNA library of the neural tube from golden hamsters treated with hyperthermia. Its expression in the heat-treated group was evidently higher than in the control group.  Conclusion   Increased expression of CDK109 is closely related to neural tube defects induced by hyperthermia.

Effect of Feitongkoufuye treating pulmonary interstitial fibrosis on elastase

ZHANG Xin1, MU Jie2, YU Wen-cheng1, LIU Chang-chang3, LIU Yuan-yuan1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  24. 

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Objective   To explore the effect of feitongkoufuye treating pulmonary interstitial fibrosis on neutrophil elastase(NE). Methods   40 SD rats were randomly divided into the model group, the treatment group, the hormone group and the normal control group, 10 rats in each group. BLEMA5 was used to establish a rat model of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. The treatment group was given Feitongkoufuye (250mg/kg) by gavage; the hormone group was given hydrocortisone (25mg/kg) by intramuscular injection; the control group was given 0.9% saline solution (2mL/kg) by disposable tracheal instillation. Pathological changes were observed by HE and VG staining, serum cell counting and classification were performed, and NE contents were determined by ELISA method. Results   Compared with the normal control group,  alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis in the model group were more severe, and the deposition of collagen, serum total cell number, cytological classification proportion, and the content of serum NE were significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group and treatment group, alveolitis and fibrosis in the treatment group were slighter, and the deposition of collagen, total number of cells, cytological classification proportion, and content of serum NE were significantly reduced (P<0.01). Conclusion   Feitongkoufuye significantly reduces inflammatory cell exudation and NE content, thereby alleviating rat alveolitis and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis.

miR Let-7a1/f1 down-regulates AMD1 expression in prostate cancer LNCaP cells

CHEN Zhao-bo, LIU Chun-yan, NI Na-na, YU Yang, ZHANG Peng-ju, CHEN Wei-wen, JIANG An-li

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  29. 

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Objective   To detect the effect and mechanism of miR Let-7a1/f1 on S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase(AMD1) expression in prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Methods   The pre-miR Let-7a1/f1 sequence was amplified by RT-PCR using RNA from LNCaP cells as the template, and then it was inserted into the pSilencerTM4.1-CMV neo vector to generate pSilencer-let7a1/f1. After pSilencer-let7a1/f1 was transiently transfected into LNCaP cells, expression of miR Let-7a1/f1 was verified by RT-PCR. The effect of miR Let-7a1/f1 on expression of the AMD1 gene was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The luciferase reporter vector of AMD1 3′UTR (pMIR-AMD1) was constructed and co-transfected into LNCaP cells with pSilencer-let7a1/f1. Luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the effect of miR Let-7a1/f1 on AMD1 3′-UTR. Results   The sequences of pSilencer-let7a1/f1 and pMIR-AMD1 proved correct by DNA sequencing technique. After pSilencer-let7a1/f1 was transiently transfected into LNCaP cells, expression of miR Let-7a1/f1 was effectively increased; expression of AMD1 mRNA was invariant and expression of the AMD1 protein was downregulated after increased expression of pSilencer-let7a1/f1 in LNCaP cells. The luciferase activity of pMIR-AMD1 was obviously down-regulated by miR Let-7a1/f1. Conclusion   miR Let-7a1/f1 inhibits the translation of AMD1 miR Let-7a1/f1 by action on the AMD1 3′-UTR site in LNCaP cells, and therefore decreases expression of the AMD1 protein.

Expression of recombinant HBV in the NHMC cells and its influence on cell apoptosis

HONG Sen1， WANG Yi-guo2， LIU Chang-hong2， ZHANG Peng-ju3， LIU Qian2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  34. 

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Objective   To study the expression of a recombinant HBV in human glomerular mesangical cells (NHMC) and its influence on cell apoptosis. Methods    Recombinant full length C genotype hepatitis B virus (PHY106-CHBV) was transfected into NHMC cells by the liposome method. The supernatant of NHMC cell cultures was collected at 24， 48 and 72h after transfection. HBsAg and HBeAg were detected by the ELISA method. Morphological changes were detected by light and fluorescence microscopes after staining  with Hoechest 33258; The proliferation rate and apoptosis rate of NHMC cells were examined using the MTT assay and flow cytometry, separately. Results   The high expression levels of HBsAg and HBeAg were detected in NHMC cells after PHY106-CHBV transfection.The observed morphological changes indicated that NHMC cells′ apoptosis was induced by PHY106-CHBV. Proliferation of NHMC cells was inhibited, and apoptotic rate was elevated as shown with flow cytometry. Conclusion   HBV expression in NHMC cells led to cell proliferation arrest and promoted apoptosis.

Expressions of HIF-1α and  PPAR-γ in renal early trauma and their protective mechanisms on the kidney

WANG Fang1， WANG Dong3， MENG Ling-li2， WANG Xiao-mei1， SUN Shao-hua1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  39. 

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Objective   To  investigate expressions of hypoxia- inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)  and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ) in traumatic kidneys, and the mechanisms of kidney trauma and repair. Methods   Rats were stricken at the skin of the renal zone by a free-fall from 45cm height to establish the traumatic rat model. Then, rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the non-traumatic control group, and 1h, 6h, 12h and 24h post-trauma groups. Expressions of HIF-1α and PPAR-γwere detected with immunohistochemical staining. Results   Positive expression of HIF-1αwas increased in 1h and 24h post-trauma groups, located in cortex distal convoluted tubules, tubules near renal calyces and medullary tubules; while it was distinctly decreased in 6h and 12h post-trauma groups, located in tubules near renal calyces and tubules at the outer zone of renal medulla. There were significant differences in expression of HIF-1αamong all the groups(P<0.05). The PPAR-γ expression was positive in tubules of renal medulla in 1h and 24h post-trauma groups(P<0.05), however, negative in 6h and 12h post-trauma groups. Conclusion   HIF-1αand PPAR-γ may participate in the secondary hypoxia, ischemia, regeneration and repair procedures after renal injury.

Animal experiment study in Wister rat′s ischemic myocardia preconditioning with NO relativity

SUN Yong-bo, TAN Tue-hou

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  42. 

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Objective   To discuss the relation of NO with ischemic myocardia preconditioning function.  Methods   To take 300～350g male health Wistar rats into control, I/R, preconditioning, L-NNA and L-Arg＋L-NNA four groups, respectively to observe the vary of CPP and myocardial protein leaks out, LDH, cGMP as well as MDA contents of myocardial injured index index.  Results   As compared with I/R group, Myocardial protein leaks out quantity obviously reduces, LDH leaks out quantity obviously decreases, and myocardial MDA content obviously reduces, cGMP level obviously elevates, All have a statistical significance(P<0.01). CPP reduces (P<0.05). L-NNA perfusion group may interdict myocardial protection of preconditioning, LNNA+L-Arg perfusion group can reverse myocardial protection of preconditioning interdicted by L-NNA perfusion group. Conclusion    Ischemic preconditioning obviously enhances the ischemic myocardia tolerance to ischemia and anoxia, it is closely related to improve NO deficiency in myocardial I/R injure.

Effects of PJ34 on growth activity and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer C13* cells

ZHANG Jing-jing1, WANG Zhe1, TIAN Yong-jie1, ZHANG Jie2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  46-50. 

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Objective   To investigate the effects of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1(PARP-1) inhibitor PJ34 on the growth activity and cisplatin resistance of cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer C13* cells in vitro. Methods   MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine influences of PJ34 on cisplatin sensitivity, apoptosis and the cell cycle of C13* cells. The expression level of PARP-1 in C13* cells was determined using immunofluorescence microscopy  and Western blot, and changes induced by PJ34 treatment were investigated. Results   The inhibitory ratio and  cisplatin sensitivity of C13* cells were significantly increased with increases of concentrations of platinum (Pt) and PJ34 (P<0.05). The apoptosis ratio of C13* cells was significantly increased with the increase of the concentration of PJ34(P<0.05). The proportion of cells in the G0/Gl phase in the high concentration PJ34-treated group was larger than that in the low concentration PJ34-treated group. PJ34 down-regulated the PARP-1 expression in C13* cells，which was remarkably decreased when Pt and PJ34 co-treated(P<0.01). Conclusion   PJ34 remarkably down-regulates the PARP-1 protein expression, inhibits proliferation activity, promotes apoptosis, and increases sensitivity to cisplatin of C13* cells. Hopefully, PJ34 could effectively reverse resistance of C13*cells to cisplatin.

Effect of leptin on HTR8-SVneo cell proliferation in vitro and its mechanism

CHENG Huan-huan1, WANG Hua-yang1, DONG Zhao-gang2, XU Xiao-fei3, KONG Bei-hua3, QU Xun1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  51-56. 

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 Objective   To investigate the effects of leptin on proliferation of HTR8-SVneo cells in vitro and the level of ID(inhibitor of DNA binding and differentiation), and to explore the regulatory mechanism of leptin underlying HTR8-SVneo cell proliferation. Methods   The proliferation of HTR8-SVneo cells cultured in vitro under diverse concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500ng/mL) of leptin was tested by means of MTT. Then, HTR8-SVneo cells were treated with leptin (0, 100 and 500ng/mL), and leptin receptor(leptin R) profiling, ID mRNA profiling and the level of the ID2 protein were detected by RT-PCR, real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. To observe the effect of leptin on HTR8-SVneo cell proliferation after ID2-siRNA treatment, HTR8-SVneo cells were divided into 6 groups: leptin(0ng/mL), leptin(100ng/mL), leptin(500ng/mL), leptin(0ng/mL)+ID2-siRNA, leptin(100ng/mL)+ID2-siRNA and leptin(500ng/mL)+ID2-siRNA. Results   Proliferation of HTR8-SVneo cells was enhanced by high concentrations of leptin (100, 250 and 500ng/mL) compared with leptin (0ng/mL) (P<0.05). Leptin receptor subtypes except HuB219.2 were detected on HTR8-SVneo cells. The up-regulation of ID2 or OB-RL was induced by leptin in a dosedependent manner. ID2-siRNA inhibited expression of the ID2 protein and reversed the enhancement of HTR8-SVneo cell proliferation induced by leptin. Conclusion   Leptin enhances HTR8-SVneo cell proliferation by the pathway of leptin R-ID2, which offers new basal data for elucidating the regulatory mechanism of proliferation of trophocytes.

Condition optimization and primer screening for ISSR-PCR of Demodex

LIU Yan-rong1, LIU Fu-hong1, XIAO Ke-yuan1, GUO Shu-ling1, FENG Yu-xin2, YUAN Fang-shu1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  57-61. 

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 Objective   To optimize conditions and screen for primers for  inter-simple sequence repeat-anchored(ISSR-PCR) of Demodex， using genome DNA as the template, preparing for the genetic diversity research of Demodex with ISSR mark. Methods   After mites were rinsed and precipitated in double distilled water(DDW), the genome DNA of Demodex was extracted with a kit. Then experiments were carried out using DNA of Demodex as the template, and (CA)8RG as the primer. The orthogonal array was conducted, and the involved factors were as follows： concentrations of Mg2+, dNTPs, primers，template DNA and Taq DNA polymerase and return temperature. An optimal reaction system of ISSR-PCR of Demodex was established, through which an optimal primer was obtained.  Results   An optimal 25μL of ISSR-PCR amplification system contained 2.0mmol/L of Mg2+, 0.4mmol/L of dNTPs, 30-60ng of template DNA, 30pmol of primers, and 2U of Taq DNA polymerase. The optional return temperature for primer was 49℃, and the cycle index is 35. 10 primers were selected, with clear bands, good polymorphism and high repetition. Conclusion   The optimal conditions of ISSR-PCR and primers of genome DNA of Demodex have been screened， which are the basis of molecular biological research of Demodex mites.

Regulatory role of the let-7/miR-98 family in the IL-6 expression

WANG Shu-jun， GENG Qin， ZHANG Xiu-ying, ZHANG Hong-ju, WEI Qiao-feng, CUI Yan-hui

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  62-65. 

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Objective   To investigate the regulatory role of microRNA in expression of interleukin-6(IL-6). Methods    The let-7/miR-98 family was predicted to regulate IL-6 by bioinformatics. Real-time PCR and ELISA were used to determine IL-6 mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Site-directed gene mutagenesis and reporter gene assay were performed to identify the direct regulatory effect of let-7/miR-98 on IL-6 3′UTR. Results   miR-98 can inhibit the IL-6 expression at both protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, let-7/miR98 can directly target IL-6 3′UTR. Conclusion   Let-7/miR-98 down-regulates the IL-6 expression. The findings indicate that let-7/miR-98 may provide a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention of IL-6--realated diseases.

Effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonist, in sensitizing 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy for colon cancer

CHU Qian-qian1, XU Gang2, REN Gui-jie1, XU Xia1, HU Zhong-yi1, LIU Yong-qing1, YUAN Hui-qing1, TIAN Ke-li1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  66-71. 

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 Objective   To explore rosiglitazone-induced sensitization of LOVO cells to 5-Fu. Methods   In vivo studies: A heterotopic xenograft model in athymic mice using LOVO human colon cancer cell was established, and the animals were treated with rosiglitazone and/or 5-Fu through intragastric administration for two weeks. The tumors were measured for length and width every other day, and  tumor volumes and inhibiting rates were calculated. In vitro studies: The anti-proliferation effect of rosiglitazone in conjunction with 5-Fu to LOVO cells was measured  using the MTT assay. The morphology of nuclei was observed after staining with Hoechst 33342. Cell cycle distribution was detected using flow cytometry after propidium iodide staining. The expression of Cyclin A1, Cyclin E1 and Cdk2 was detected by Western blotting analysis. Results   In vivo studies: The tumor-inhibiting rates of rosiglitazone, 5-Fu, and rosiglitazone plus 5-Fu were 67.97%, 74.9% and 80.49%, respectively. The two drugs were found to have an additive effect. In vitro studies: Rosiglitazone sensitizes 5-Fu′s growth inhibition to LOVO cells in a dose- and timedependent manner. Cell numbers of S phase were increased by 10μmol/L 5-Fu plus rosiglitazone. The 5-Fu group showed Cyclin A1 down-regulation relative to the Control group, and the 5-Fu/rosiglitazone group showed further Cyclin A1 down-regulation. Compared to the Control group, all the drug groups exhibited down-regulation of Cyclin E1 and Cdk2, and the 5-Fu/rosiglitazone group exhibited further Cyclin E1 down-regulation. Conclusion   Rosiglitazone enhances 5-Fu-induced LOVO cell growth inhibition through S cycle arresting.

Influence of different intravenous anesthetic agents on contraction of colonic longitudinal muscle in rats

LI Xing-hua1, LEI Zhen1, LI Jing-xin2, MENG Tao1, ZHANG Xin-yu2, YU Jin-gui1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  72-75. 

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 Objective   To study the influence of midazolam, propofol, etomidate and ketamine on the contraction of colonic longitudinal muscle in rats. Methods   Longitudinal muscle strips of colon were dissected from male Wistar rats and randomly divided into control group, TTX-free group and TTX group. Some strips were exposed to Kreb′s solution with 1‰ DMSO (control group). Some other strips were incubated within Kreb′s solution containing midazolam, propofol, etomidate and ketamine with (TTX group) or without (TTX-free group) tetrodotoxin pre-treatment. Isometric contraction of longitudinal smooth muscle strips was measured and recorded. Result   1‰ DMSO exerted no effect on the tension of colonic strips in control group. Midazolam, propofol,  etomidate and ketamine at accumulating concentration of 1×10-5 mol/L, 1×10-5 mol/L, 1×10-6 mol/L and 3×10-6 mol/L decreased the tension of colonic strips in a concentration-dependent manner (P＜0.05～0.01) in TTX-free group. Pre-treated with TTX, midazolam, propofoland etomidate all produced greater reduction of strip tension in TTX group than that in TTX-free group, while ketamine enhanced the strip tension in the presence of TTX. Conclusion   Midazolam, propofol, etomidate and ketamine exhibit inhibitory effects on the spontaneous contractile activities of isolated colonic strips in rats. The contraction of smooth muscle cells and activity of enteric nervous system might be involved in this effect.

Construction of STAT3-siRNA expression vector and its effect on proliferation of stomach cancer cell line HGC-27

TONG Shu-qing1, XIAO Dong-jie1, WANG Yun-shan1, JIA Yan-fei1, ZHENG Yan1, MA Xiao-li1, DAI Xin1, SANG Tan2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  76-80. 

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Objective   To construct siRNA expression vectors targeting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) gene and to examine the inhibitory effect of the siRNAs on the expression of STAT3 and its effect on proliferation of stomach cancer cell line HGC-27. Methods   Two STAT3-siRNA fragments were synthesized, and then transfected into HGC-27 cells. STAT3 mRNA and protein were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Inhibition on proliferation was determined by the MTT assay. ResultsThe two STAT3-siRNA expression vectors were found to contain the correct siRNA sequences, as confirmed by sequencing and enzymatic digestion. Results    of RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the abundances of STAT3 mRNA and protein were significantly decreased relative to both the control and si-NC groups (P<0.01), results with STAT3-siRNA1 being more pronounced than with STAT3-siRNA2. MTT assay showed that, after transfection, cell proliferation in the siRNA group was reduced significantly compared with the si-NC group (P<0.01). Conclusion   Expression of STAT3-siRNA in stomach cell line HGC-27 can effectively inhibit STAT3 expression, leading to proliferation suppression.

Biodistribution and tumor targeting of 131I-rMIF in tumor-bearing mice

JIANG Shi-qin, ZHANG Chao, LIANG Ting, SONG Jing, SUN Hu-kui, HOU Gui-hua

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  81. 

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Objective   To evaluate biodistribution and tumor targeting of 131I-labeled recombinant macrophage migration inhibition factor(rMIF) in tumor-bearing mice, and to provide an imaging marker for early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods   MIF was labeled with 131I using Iodogen method and the labeled rate and stability were identified with paper chromatography. The specific binding with hepatocellular carcinoma H22cells in vitro was analyzed by cells uptake assay. Biodistribution and tumor targeting were analyzed after injection of 131I-rMIF through the tail vein in tumorbearing mice. Results   131I-rMIF, with a good bioactivity, was successfully prepared. The labeled rate of 131I-rMIF was 87.34%, radiochemical purity was 94.95%, and the stability was good. The uptake of 131I-rMIF by tumor cells was much higher than that of the controls (free Na131I) in 0.5, 1, 2 and 4h (P<0.05). 131I-rMIF was mainly metabolized through the liver and kidney. And higher radioactivity was detected within tumors (target). T/NT (target-to-non-target) ratios were 2.701±0.230, 3.931±0.281, 4.242±0.111 and 3.587±0.241 at 1, 3, 6 and 24h after injection, separately(P<0.05). The result of autoradiography showed that 131I-rMIF could be specifically localized in tumors after 6h. Conclusion   131I-rMIF, with good stability, good labeled ratios and rapid targeted distribution in tumor cells, may be used for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

A stereological study of Panax notoginseng saponin monomers Rg1 and Rb1 in inhibiting hepatic fibrosis

DONG Xiang-qian1, DUAN Li-ping1, LIANG Bing1, LI Shu-an1, LIU Bo2, ZHAN Er-yi2, SONG Jing-ling3, YANG Zhi-wei4, JIN De-guang4, MA Lan-qing1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  85. 

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Objective   To investigate the effect of Panax notoginseng saponin monomers Rg1 an Rb1  in inhibiting hepatic fibrosis. Methods   A rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established by using 50% CCl4.   Rg1 or Rb1 was administered by hypodermical injection. At the end of the treatment, pathological changes of hepatic tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope. Stereological data of liver cell mitochondria among all groups were collected and analyzed. Results   Rg1 and Panax notoginsenosides alleviated deposition of collagen in hepatic tissues and improved hepatic fibrosis, while Rb1 did not exhibit these functions. The stereological data of liver cell mitochondria among all the groups were statistically different.  Conclusion   Rg1 had antifibrosis effects, and Rg1 was more effective  than  Panax notoginsenosides in some aspects. Rg1 is the antifibrotic agent among the panaxsaponins.

Plasma levels of β-endorphin, neuropeptide Y and ghrelin  in the patients  with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and CPAP intervention

LIU Wei-ying, YU Qin, ZHANG Jia-bin, YUE Hong-mei， PU Jia-yuan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  89-93. 

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Objective   To explore the changes of plasma  beta-endorphin(β-EP), neuropeptide Y(NPY) and Ghrelin levels in the patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrom (OSAHS) and their correlations with PSG indicators, and observe the changes of  the three peptides after CPAP treatment. Methods   There were three groups, including 32 cases of obese OSAHS patients (OSAHS group), 26 cases of obese adult without OSAHS (simple obesity group) and 27 normal healthy adults (normal controls group). Polysomnography (PSG) was performed in OSAHS group and simple obesity group. The concentrations of plasmaβ-EP, NPY, Ghrelin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent(ELISA). Results   Plasma β-EP concentration in OSAHS group  was significantly higher than those in simple obesity group and normal control group (P<0.01), and there was positive correlations betweenβ-EP and sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI) or the longest sleep apnoea time (LAT) (P<0.05). There was negative correlation betweenβ-EP and lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO2) or mean oxygen saturation (MSaO2)( P=0.016, 0.000 respectively). Plasma NPY concentration in OSAHS group was significantly higher than those in simple obesity group  (P<0.05) and normal control group (P<0.01). Plasma NPY level in the OSAHS group was correlated positively with BMI, AHI, arousal index (MAI), or Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS score)   (P<0.01). NPY changes in simple  obesity group were positively correlated with BMI (P<0.05). Plasma Ghrelin concentration in OSAHS group was lower than those in simple obesity group and normal control group (P<0.01).  No significant correlation was found with PSG indicators. After continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for 3 months, β-EP, NPY levels were decreased (P<0.05) and Ghrelin levels rose higher than that before the treatment without significant difference. Conclusion   In OSAHS group, the plasma β-EP, NPY levels were increased, and Ghrelin levels were decreased due to repeated apnea and hypopnea. In addition to obesity, recurrent apnea and arousal may play a more important role for the changes of NPY levels . Elevated NPY plays a catalytic role on the daytime sleepiness in the patients with OSAHS. CPAP treatment for 3 months can reduce β-EP and NPY levels to some extent, but exert limited role for  Ghrelin.

Analyzing resting myocardial ischemia with heart remote monitoring system

ZHANG Yu, YI Yong-liang, YU Mei, WEI Min, GAO Hai-qing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  94. 

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Objective   To distinguish two mechanisms of resting myocardial ischemia-coronary artery spasm and the other causes, determine the incidence of each mechanism in different coronary atherosclerosis(AS)populations with heart remote monitoring system. Methods   Enrolled all the patients who underwent the coronary arteriography or Computed Tomography of coronary arteriography(CTA), as well as Holter or iHolter, in the heart remote monitoring center from January 2009 to December 2010. Reviewed all the patients' records and reports of the Holter and iHolter , and performed all analyses with the statistical software program SPSS version 16.0. Results   The incidence of resting myocardial ischemia was more than 21.3% in the patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease by the coronary arteriography or CTA, while the incidence was more than 58.3%(P<0.05) in the patients only showed mild stenosis in CTA or with negative coronary arteriography. Analyzing the etiologies of the resting myocardial ischemia, coronary artery spasm accounted for more than 73.3%, while the other causes only accounted for less than 26.7%(P<0.05). Conclusions   The coronary arteriography can be used to distinguish the two mechanisms of the resting myocardial ischemia. And the coronary artery spasm is the chief mechanism of resting myocardial ischemia. The resting myocardial ischemia can easily happen in the patients only showed mild stenosis in CTA or with negative coronary arteriography.It is very important to monitor resting myocardial ischemia with the heart remote monitoring system.

Short-term heart rate variability to assess cardiac status of heart failure patients

SONG Jie-jie, LIU Lin， LI Li

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  97. 

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Objectives   To investigate the differences of short-term nonlinear heart rate variability(HRV)parameters among the groups of various cardiac functional classes and determine the influencing factors. Methods   The parameters, including measure slidewindow entropy (MwEn), center-edge ratio(CER)， cumulative energy (CE) and frequency-domain analysis, were analyzed with 5-minute dynamic electrocardiography, while the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by echocardiogram both in 84 patients and 41 healthy controls. HRV parameters among the different cardiac functional classes and the influencing factors of nonlinear parameters were analyzed. Results   There were significant differences in nonlinear HRV parameters among the different cardiac functional classes (P<0.05) and LVEF, but not age or heart rate, was the chief factor that influenced MwEn (r=0.50，P<0.001), CER (r=-0.27, P=0.007) and CE (r=-0.30，P=0.003). Conclusions   Short-term nonlinear HRV analysis can be used to evaluate the cardiac status of patients with chronic heart failure and compared with the linear indexes, it is more sensitive.

Modified operation and comprehensive analysis of diagnosis and management of medulloblastoma

WU Da-hao, WANG Chang-zhen， XU Shang-chen, PANG Qi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  101. 

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Obejective   To investigate the clinical features and outcomes of microsurgical management of medulloblastoma. Methods   This retrospective analysis of the clinical and follow-up involved 115 patients who received microsurgery. The clinical data included the location, resection rate, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, shunt operation and follow-up results of the tumor. The microsurgical techniques for medulloblastoma were discussed. Results   Among the 115 patients, 86 had total tumor resection, 19 had subtotal resection and 7 had partial resection.  3 patient died after the surgery. All cases were confirmed medulloblastoma pathologically. Patency of the midbrain aqueduct was achieved in all the cases. Hydrocephalus were found in 97 patients before the operation, and most cases recovered well after the operation, with only 25 patients who received ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation afterwards. 112 patients received follow-up survey. Conclusion   The total removal of tumor with the application of microscopic surgery , adequate early-term postoperative whole brain-posterior cerebral concave-spinal cord radiotherapy and chemotherapy can prolong the survival time of the patients. appropriate posterior concave bone reformation and the replacement of the bone can reduce the postoperative complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage after conventional open skull operation.

Microsurgical treatment for medial sphenoid wing meningiomas

WAGN Guo-jun， LI Xin-gang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  105. 

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Objective   To explore the classification and effectiveness of microsurgical resection of medial sphenoid wing meningiomas. Methods   Fourty-eight patients with medial sphenoid wing meningiomas were retrospectively reviewed in the classification of meningiomas, microsurgery, and prognosis. Results   All meningiomas were resected with microsurgical treatment. Among them, Simpson grade Ⅰ was resected in 6 patients, grade Ⅱ in 27, and grade Ⅲ in 15. After operation, there were 20 patients with visual improvement, 6 without significant visual improvement, and 2 with visual decline on the sick side. 4(8.3％) patients died. 9(18.75%) cases recurred during a mean follow-up period of 3.5 years. Conclusions   Total resection can be achieved in most Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅱ, while in minority of Type Ⅲ.  Making full use of microsurgial techniques in preservation of the optic nerve and internal carotid and its perforators can increase the effectiveness of operation.

Clinical features and treatment of intraparenchymal epidermoid cyst in the brain

ZHAO Duan-yun1， CHI Ling-yi1， ZHOU Xu-dong1， WANG Jie2， HU Ke3， SHAO Yi1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  109-112. 

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Objective   To explore clinical features and treatment of intraparenchymal epidermoid cyst in the brain. Methods   Clinical manifestations，imaging findings and surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed in 27 intraparenchymal epidermoid cysts in the brain.  Factors affecting the occurrence of aseptic meningitis were analyzed by statistical methods. Results   20 cases of tumors were completely removed， and 7 cases were sub- totally removed. After surgery， 1 patient died， 7 were improved, and 3 had tumor recurrence. Statistical analysis showed that aseptic meningitis was related to the diameter of the tumor， use of prophylactic lumbar puncture， complete resection and irrigation on tumor  bed by dexamethasone solution with normal saline, and the former two factors were most important by Logistic regression analysis. Conclusion   Complete resection of tumors，use of prophylactic lumbar puncture and irrigation on tumor bed by dexamethasone solution with normal saline could reduce the occurrence of aseptic meningitis.

The changes of periodontal clinical parameters and osteocalcin level in the GCF during the initial stage of the integrated orthodontic and periodontal treatment of moderate to severe periodontal patients

ZONG Min1, FANG Dong-dong1， GAO Hui2， ZHANG Jun2,3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  113-116. 

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Objective   To monitor the periodontal status during the initial stage of orthodontic therapy in moderate to severe periodontal patients by detection of periodontal clinical parameters in the initial stage of orthodontic therapy and osteocalcin level in the GCF after the first stress application. Methods   15 patients , with moderate to severe periodontitis, were selected as experimental group. The PLI、BI and PD were examined by electrochemical luminescence at pretreatment, 1st month and 2nd month after the treatment respectively, while OC level in GCF were examined before orthodontic treatment, 1, 24, 48, and 168 hours after the first stress application. The indices of control group, formed by 15 orthodontic patients who had healthy periodontal status, were compared. Results   After the periodontal treatment, the periodontal clinical levels of experimental group were lower than pre-treatment levels (P<0.05), while those after orthodontic treatment were not significantly different from before (P>0.05). The level of OC in the experimental group after the first stress application was significantly higher than that after the orthodontic, (P<0.05), and peaked at 24th hour, but went down to the pre-treatment levels at 168th hour, which was the same as that of the control group .Conclusion   The integrated orthodontic and periodontal treatment can improve the periodontal status in moderate to severe periodontal patients. Osteocalcin should be involved in bone remodeling in earlier orthodontic treatment.

Expression and clinical significance of immunoglobulin-like transcript 2 in gastric cancer cells

BIAN Xiao-kun1， SI Yuan-quan1， LU Nan3， LI Ying-Jie1， JIA Yan-fei2， ZHANG Yi1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  117. 

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Objective   To investigate expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript 2(ILT2) and its relationship with biological behavior and clinicopathoiogical features in gastric carcinoma tissues and cell lines. Methods   Expression of the ILT2 protein was detected by the immunohistochemical SP method in 50 cases of gastric tissues. Correlations of expression of the ILT2 protein with clinicopathoiogical features were analyzed. Protein and mRNA expressions of ILT2 in 6 gastric cancer cell lines with diverse differentiation (highly differentiated, MKN1; moderately differentiated, SGC-7901 and AGS; lowly differentiated, MGC-803; undifferentiated, HGC-27 and BCG-823) were analyzed by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and FACS flow cytometry. Cytolytic activities of freshly isolated PBMC cells and NK-92 cells against MKN1 and HGC-27 were determined by MTT assay. Results   Expression of ILT2 was higher in gastric cancer tissues(31/50, 62.0%), while there was no ILT2 expression in normal gastric tissues. Expression of ILT2 was significantly higher in poorly differentiated cancer tissues(22/30, 73.3%) than in well-differentiated tissues(9/20, 45%)(χ2=4.089，P<0.05). Also, expression of ILT2 was significantly higher in bigger tumor size with D>5cm (16/19, 84.2%) than in smaller tumor size with D<5cm(15/31, 48.4%）(χ2=6.417，P<0.01). ILT2 mRNA and protein were differently expressed in all the 6 gastric cancer cell lines, and lowly differentiated and undifferentiated gastric cancer cell lines had higher ILT2 expression than moderately and highly differentiated cell lines(P<0.05). Cytolytic activities of PBMC and NK-92 cells against ILT2high HGC-27 cells were lower than those against ILT2low MKN1 cells in different effector-target ratios (P<0.05). Conclusion   The inhibitory receptor ILT2 is expressed in gastric carcinoma and its expression level is related to differentiation stage and clinicopathoiogical features. PBMCs and NK-92 cells show lower cytolytic activity against ILT2high gastric cancer cells. ILT2 may be involved in tumor escape and is expected to become a new target to diagnose and treat gastric cancer.

Polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

LU Chao1, SHEN Ya-juan1, DENG Yun-feng2, WANG Chang-yin1, ZHANG Bing-chang1, FAN Gang1, ZHAO Yue-ran3, LIU Yi-qing1, ZHAO Sheng-mei1,

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  122. 

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Objective   To investigate association of polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor(KIR) genes with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) infection. Methods   Sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSPPCR) method was used to analyze 14 KIR genes in genomic DNA in 30 smear-positive (SP) patients, 79 smear-negative (SN) patients and 30 healthy controls. Results   Frequencies of KIR2DL5 (P=0.007), 2DS1 (P=0.038), 2DS3 (P=0.010) and 3DS1(P=0.002) were statistically significantly higher in the SP group than in the control group, while KIR2DS5(P=0.038) was lower. Also, frequencies of KIR2DL5 (P=0.018), 2DS1 (P=0.000), 2DS5 (P=0.000) and 3DS1 (P=0.001) were significantly higher in the SN group than in the control group. Compared with the SN group, frequencies of KIR2DS4 (P=0.004) and KIR2DS5 (P=0.000) were higher in the SP group. In addition, the number of subjects carrying more than two activating KIR genes in TB group was higher than that in the control group (P=0.013). The frequency of genotype AJ was lower in TB patients than in the controls. Conclusion   Polymorphisms of KIR genes may be associated with susceptibility to TB infection.

PET/CT，CEA and CYFRA21-1 predicting the therapeutic effect of targeted drug on non-small cell lung cancer

LI Peng, LIU Qi， HAN Ming-yong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  129-132. 

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Ojective   To investigate the roles of PET/CT, carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and soluble cytokeratin 19 fragment(CYFRA21-1) in predicting the therapeutic effect of Targeted drug on nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods   Before treated with the targeted drug, 39 patients were determined EGFR mutation the standard uptake value(SUV) of PET/CT and serum levels of CEA and CYFRA21-1, and decreased degrees of these indexes were determined after two weeks of treatment. Then relations of these indexes with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Results   Patients with SUV≤5 could achieve longer PFS and OS, so could those with a reduction ≥50% in the CEA level after two weeks of treatment. However, patients with a reduction ≥50% in the CYFRA21-1 level could not achieve longer PFS and OS. Those patients with EGFR mutation had lower SUV than those with wild type EGFR(P<0.05). After two weeks of treatment, the ratio of patients with the CEA level reduced by ≥50% was higher  in patients with EGFR mutation than in those with wild type(P<0.05). The binary logistic analysis result showed that SUV≤5 was an independent prognostic factor for EGFR mutation (P<0.001). Conclusion   The SUV of PET-CT and change of the CEA level in the early treatment could predict the therapeutic effect of targeted drug on NSCLC.

Detection and significance of CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with vitiligo

LI Qiang1,2, CAI Da-xing1, CHEN Guang3, LIU Ji-feng4, LI Chun-yang1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  133. 

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Objectives   To detect CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with vitiligo, and to evaluate immunomodulator′s therapeutic effects. Methods   36 patients with vitiligo were selected, including 24 with active vitiligo and 12 with stationary vitiligo. The level of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry before and after treatment with immunomodulator, 20 healthy subjects as controls. Results   CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in active vitiligo were significantly lower than in normal controls(P<0.05).  There was no statistical difference between stationary vitiligo and normal controls(P＞0.05). CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in active vitiligo increased after comprehensive treatment with immunomodulator(P<0.05); while there was no statistical difference in stationary vitiligo after treatment with immunomodulator(P＞0.05). Conclusion   CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells could control the autoimmune reaction by inhibiting autoreactive T cells. The abnormal number of CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood may cause imbalance of immunity. Polysaccharide nucleic acid fraction of bacillus calmette guerin(BCGPSN) could modulate the cell immune function by regulating the level of CD4+CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and plays therapeutic effects.

Tableware disinfection effects in areas under Jinan Railroad Jurisdiction from 2006 to 2010

ZHAO Xiang-yang, HOU Xiao-yu, Tao Ming-rui, LI Qing-shan, SHI Juan, CHEN Hong-yan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  136. 

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Objective   To find out the sanitary condition and disinfection effects in Jinan Railroad Jurisdiction Area from 2006 to 2010, and to reduce the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases. Methods   In compliance with GB 14934-94 hygienic standard for disinfection of dinner and drinking set, disinfected tableware was randomly chosen for an analysis of the sensory index, physicochemical index, colon bacilli and pathogenic bacteria. The obtained data was analyzed by Chi-square test with SPSS 13.0. Results   Over the period from 2006 to 2010, a total of 10,623(96.55%) sets of tableware reached the standard. The pass rate tended to annually rise, with the 1st and 4th quarters higher than the rest (χ2=38.60, P<0.01). It was higher in kindergartens and dining cars than hotels, restaurants and canteens (χ2=163.78, P<0.01). Cups, disposable dining set and other tableware of smaller size had a higher pass rate than plates, bowls and vegetable dishes (χ2=42.70, P<0.01). Conclusion   During the period 2006-2010, Jinan Railway Jurisdiction Area has a relatively high rate in dinner service hygiene. In order to further raise the pass rate, health organizations, centers for disease control(CDC) and departments concerned should maintain the achieved effects and lay more emphasis on hygiene supervision, technical guidance and administration of tableware, especially those of large size frequently used in the 2nd and 3rd quarters.

Principal components of 6 trace elements in the serum of middle-aged and elder people with dyslipidemias

YU Lian-long1, WANG Ju-sheng2, WANG Shu-e1, ZHANG Feng-feng3, ZHAO Chang-feng1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  140-142. 

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Objective   To investigate the imbalance features of 6 trace elements (Zn, Se, Mn, Fe, Cu and Cr) in the serum of middle-aged and elder people with dyslipidemias, and to analyze connections between such imbalance and dyslipidemias. Methods   Patients with dyslipidemias were selected from the middle-aged and elderly population in 4 districts of Jinan, and those with cardiac cerebral and vascular diseases, diabetes mellitus or hereditary dyslipidemias were excluded. 137 patients were involved in the case group, and 119 healthy residents were randomly selected from the same population as the control group. With principal component analysis (PCA), 6 trace elements in the serum of all the subjects were comprehensively evaluated. Results   The first 4 principal components, whose accumulated contribution rates were all more than 75%, were extracted, and their function formulas were established. After that, the relation between the 4 principal components and their original variables was analyzed. The 4 principal components represented Se and Mn, Fe, Zn, and Fe and Cu, respectively. Conclusion   The content of Zn in the serum of middleaged and elder people with dyslipidmias tends to significantly decrease, and that of Se has a tendency to remarkably increase. Contents of Cu  and Cr are relatively insufficient. There is no apparent relevance between the content of Mn and dyslipidemias. An excess or lack of Fe are related to dyslipidemias. 

Discrimination of properties of Chinese Traditional Medicine with
principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis

ZHANG Xin-xin1， LI YU1， JI Yu-jia2， WANG Peng2， ZHANG Yong-qing2， XUE Fu-zhong1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  143-146. 

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Objective   To identify the feasibility of principal component analysislinear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) to discriminate properties of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) based on their efficacy and indication characters. Methods   Information on efficacies, indications, and properties of 1725 kinds of TCM was collected from “Chinese Herbal Medicine”. PCA-LDA was applied to construct a model and to discriminate properties of TCM based on efficacies and indications of 1725 kinds of TCM. 10 times 5-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the stability of this model. The overall data was randomly divided into two subsets: 80% of the data (1380 samples) from TCM of cold nature and hot nature as the training set to construct the model, and the remaining 20%(345 samples) as the testing set to evaluate the prediction accuracy. Results   According to the PCA-LDA model, the consistent accuracy was 94.43% for 1725 kinds of TCM, the mean accuracy of 10 times 5-fold cross-validation was 91.54%. The consistent accuracy in the training set was 94.78% and the predication accuracy in the testing set was 90.14%. Conclusion   PCA-LDA discriminating properties of TCM could make sure linear discrimination and guide clinical prescription with high discriminant accuracy and stability.

Establishment of a mouse infection model of human seasonal
H1N1 influenza virus

ZHENG Qian-qian1, XIE Ke-qin2, LIU Ti3, YAO Ping1, LI Zhong3, WEN Hong-ling1,

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  147. 

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Objective   To establish a mouse infection model of human seasonal influenza virus(H1N1), and make preparations for the study on influenza viral pathogenicity and new antiviral drugs.  Methods     Mice were inoculated with influenza virus(H1N1) by the nasal cavity. After 4 days, mice with serious infectious signs were killed. Pneumonic homogenate that was confirmed with influenza virus infection by real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain  reaction (FQ-PCR) was injected into chick embryo allantoic cavity. Allantoic fluid was inoculated in the next generation of mice. When infected mice presented obvious infectious signs, the 50% lethal dose (LD50) was calculated. The virus of 10LD50 was inoculated into mice to establish the infection model. Then, general condition, weight, lung index, and pathological sections were observed and viral RNA was detected by FQ-PCR. Results   After 4 times of passage, the mouse infection model of human seasonal influenza virus (H1N1) was established, with LD50 of 10-2.41/0.05mL. The mouse infection model had serious infectious signs, poor general condition, decreased weight, increased lung index, positive results by FQ-PCR and mortality of 70%. Conclusion   The mouse infection model of human seasonal influenza virus (H1N1) has been successfully established.

Partial least squares in the discrimination of traditional
Chinese herbal medicine property

LIU Wen-hui1, LI YU1, JI Yu-jia2, WANG Peng2, ZHANG Yong-qing2, XUE Fu-zhong1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  151. 

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Objective   To investigate the feasibility of partial least squares (PLS) in the discrimination of traditional Chinese herbal medicine property(CHMP). Methods   Information on original effects of 1725 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) was collected from “Chinese Herbal Medicine”. Two PLS-based methods were performed to build the discrimination model, which was evaluated by consistent homology rate, extrapolated prediction and 5 fold cross validation. Results   Using the two PLS-based methods, consistent homology rates of property with original discriminant results were 92-75％ and 94-67％, respectively. Predictive accuracies of testing set were 8551％ and 8986％, respectively. 10-iteration 5-fold cross validation accuracy were 88-28％ and 90-46％, respectively. Conclusion   According to original effects of CHM, the PLSbased methods can be useful in discriminating CHMP, with high accuracy and stability, and effectively deal with multicollinearity of multivariate, providing a new idea and method for discrimination of CHMP.

Risk factors of cervical cancer： A meta-analysis

ZHANG Xing-liang1, XU Li2, WANG Zhi-ping1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  155-160. 

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Objective   To synthetically evaluate the risk factors related to cervical cancer of Chinese women. Methods   Published studies concerning risk factors and cervical cancer about Chinese women were searched systemically and assessed by NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Scale) items from January 1990 to June 2011. 16 studies involving 11,126 women were selected for Meta-analysis. Stata10.0 software was used for data analysis and for calculating OR and its 95% CI of every risk factor.  Results   According to NOS items, 6 studies were classified as degree A and 10 studies were evaluated as level B. Among the 16 analyzed factors, 12 factors had statistical significances. Gestationrelated factors were as follows: gravidity≥3, OR=2.384(95% CI:1.659-3.425); parity≥3, OR=2.265(95% CI:1.669-3.074); number of abortions≥3, OR=3.713(95% CI:2.4705.581); and age at first pregnancy≤21 years, OR=2.390(95% CI:1.731-3.225).  Sexual behavior-related factors were as follows: marriage times≥2, OR=2.522(95% CI: 1.7143.713); age at first sex≤20 years, OR=3.467(95% CI: 2.4564.893); number of sexual partners≥3, OR=2.539(95% CI:1.613-3.996). Gynaecological diseaserelated factors involved: a history of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs), OR=5.861(95% CI:1.048-13.67); when with a history of gynecological diseases, OR=4.807(95% CI:2.899-7.971); education years≤9 years, OR=3.536(95% CI: 2.204-5.672); active and passive smoking, OR=3.055(95% CI:2.435-3.833); resident places, OR=2.134(95% CI: 1.010-4.509).  Conclusion   Many factors are closely related to cervical cancer in fertile women in China.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of township hospital doctors in
Shandong Province on the national essential medicine system

ZHAO Wei-ning, XU Ling-zhong, WANG Xing-zhou, ZHOU Cheng-chao, LIU Ting-ting

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2012, 50(1):  161-164. 

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Objective   To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of township hospital doctors in Shandong Province on the national essential medicine system. Methods   Stratified cluster sampling was used to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of township hospital doctors on the national essential medicine system. Answers to the self-designed questionnaire was anonymously analyzed. Results   97.3％of all questionnaires were valid. 30.5% of township hospital doctors were clearly aware of the variety of essential drugs, 88.7% held a supportive attitude to the national essential medicine system, 84.6% often recommended essential drugs to patients, and 93.8% expressed a need for professional training. Conclusions   Township hospital doctors has a weak awareness of the national essential medicine system, as well as a positive attitude, an unideal practice, and a general need for professional training. Therefore, it is suggested that professional training and advocacy about the national essential medicine system be carried out, which will promote the system′s improvement and implementation.