Table of Content

  

20 December 2017
Volume 55 Issue 12

Mechanism of EGCG protecting high-glucose-induced HK-2 cell apoptosis by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress

XIANG Chunhong, LÜ Li, JIANG Bei, XIAO Xiaoyan, HU Zhao

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  1-6.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1702

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Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of epigallocatechin 3-gallate(EGCG)on HK-2 cells exposed to high glucose. Methods The HK-2 cells were divided into normal glucose group, mannitol group, high glucose group, and EGCG group. After 24-hour treatment, cell proliferation was measured with CCK8; cell apoptosis was measured with Hoechst33258 and Annexin V staining; the expressions of GRP78 and Caspase-12 were determined with Western blotting. Results Compared with the normal glucose group, the high glucose group showed significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased apoptosis(P<0.001), while the EGCG(20 μmol/L)group displayed significantly improved cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis rate(P<0.001), and decreased GRP78 and Caspase-12 expressions(P=0.001). Conclusion EGCG may reduce high-glucose-induced HK-2 apoptosis by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Expression of Cyr61 in the adipose tissue of obese mice induced by high fat diet

QING Li, HE Tianyi, QIAO Jingting, CUI Chen, HOU Xinguo, CHEN Li

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  7-12.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.150

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Objective To investigate the expression and distribution of cysteine rich protein 61(Cyr61)in the adipose tissue of obese mice and its relationship with fat chronic inflammation. Methods A total of 30 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the normal diet group(NC group)and high fat diet group(HFD group). The HFD group was fed with high fat diet of 60% fat content to construct the obese mouse models. The NC group was fed with normal diet. After modeling, the body fat content of mice was measured, glucose tolerance and blood lipids were detected with intraperitoneal injection of glucose tolerance test(IPGTT), the expression and distribution of Cyr61 in the testis tissue were measured, and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)mRNA in the adipose tissue were detected. Results The body weight, body fat content and fat tolerance of obese mice were significantly higher than those in NC group(P<0.05). The serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher than those in NC group(P<0.05). The expressions of TNF-α and IL-6 in the adipose tissue of obese mice were up-regulated(P<0.05). Both of the protein and mRNA levels of Cyr61 increased in the adipose tissue of HFD group(P<0.05), and Cyr61 was mainly distributed in the adipose tissue matrix. Conclusion Cyr61 expression, which is mainly located in the adipose tissue matrix, is significantly increased in the adipose tissue of obese mice, and is consistent with the expression of inflammatory factors, suggesting that it may be related to the occurrence of chronic inflammation.

Effects of Vitamin D on the content of Ceramide in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 Cells

GUAN Xinyuan, GAO Jifang, GUO Juanjuan, LIU Shilian

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  13-17.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.163

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Objective To invastigate the effect of vitamin D(VD)on the content of ceramide(Cer)in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Methods MTT was performed to verify the effect of short-chain C2-Cer(20 μmol/L)on cell proliferation. High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS)was performed to detect the concentration of C16: 0-Cer in PC12 cells stimulated with VD(50 or 0 nmol/L). qRT-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA expression levels of enzymes which were related to the metabolism of Cer in PC12 cells after being stimulated with VD(50 or 0 nmol/L). Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of SPTLC1 and Cers6 in PC12 cells that were stimulated with VD(200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 0 nmol/L). Results Activity of PC12 cells was inhibited by C2-Cer with IC50 being 2.800 μmol/L. Compared with VD at 0 nmol/L, the content of C16: 0-Cer in PC12 cells was decreased by VD at 50 nmol/L ［(19.37±0.61)ng/mL vs(16.50±0.10)ng/mL, P=0.010］, the expressions of SPTLC1 mRNA(P=0.001)and Cers6 mRNA(P<0.001)in PC12 cells were increased, the protein expression of SPTLC1 in PC12 cells was reduced(P=0.032)and the protein expression of Cers6 was increased(P=0.020). Conclusion The concentration of C16:0-Cer is decreased in PC12 cells that were treated with VD, and it may be related to the decrease of protein expression of SPTLC1.

Effect of myosin light chain kinase on airway inflammation and lung function in asthma model mice

GONG Xiaodan, ZHAO Fangzheng, CAO Ke, DENG Penghui, ZHANG Caiqing

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  18-23.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.658

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Objective To study the effect of myosin light chain kinase(MLCK)on airway inflammation and pulmonary function through the determination of its expression in asthmatic mice airway. Methods Twenty female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group(n=10)and asthma group(n=10). Mice model of asthma was established by using chicken ovalbumin(OVA). The counts of leukocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes were observed with optical microscope. The expressions of the inflammatory mediators as IL-4 and IFN-γ in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)were detected by ELISA kit. The expression of MLCK in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice was detected by Western blotting. The expression of MLCK in the gene level was detected by qPCR. Results The lung function test showed that peak expiratory flow(PEF), the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 0.4 second to forced vital capacity(FEV0.4/FVC)in asthma group was lower than those in normal control group(P<0.001). The counts of leukocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes in asthma group were higher than those in normal control group(P<0.001). The IL-4 level in the BALF in asthma group was higher than that in normal control group(P<0.001), while the IFN-γ level 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷12期 -宫晓丹,等.肌球蛋白轻链激酶对哮喘小鼠气道炎症及肺功能的影响 \=-was lower than that in nornal control group(P<0.001). The expression of MLCK in the lung tissue of asthma group was significantly increased(P=0.006). The expression of MLCK in the gene level of asthma group was higher compared with the normal control group(P<0.001). Conclusion MLCK may be involved in the airway inflammation response and influence the lung function.

Damage of bronchus and lung tissue in healthy mice after aerosol inhalation and intratracheal administration of amikacin and tigecycline

ZHENG Liang, QI Qian, ZHOU Yufa, LI Yu

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  24-30.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.154

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Objective To compare bronchus and lung tissue damage of healthy mice after aerosol inhalation and intratracheal administration of amikacin and tigecycline. Methods One hundred and forty-four Kunming species of mice were randomly divided into 9 groups(16 mice per group): blank control group, normal saline inhalation group, amikacin low concentration inhalation group, amikacin high concentration inhalation group, tigecycline low concentration inhalation group, tigecycline high concentration inhalation group, normal saline intratracheal administration group, amikacin intratracheal administration group and tigecycline intratracheal administration group. Each group was given the corresponding treatment. Then bronchus and lung tissue pathological specimens of each group of mice were obtained. The bronchus and lung tissue damage was compared among each group. Results Alveolar damage scores of tigecycline high concentration inhalation group and amikacin high concentration inhalation group were significantly higher than that of blank control group(P=0.001; P<0.001). Alveolar damage scores of amikacin high concentration inhalation group was significantly higher than that of normal saline intratracheal administration group(P<0.001)and tigecycline intratracheal administration group(P=0.001). Conclusion Alveolar might be damaged by aerosol inhalation or intratracheal 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷12期 -郑亮,等.雾化吸入及气管滴入阿米卡星、替加环素对健康小鼠支气管和肺组织的损伤 \=-administration of amikacin and tigecycline. The lung tissue damage after aerosol inhalation of amikacin might be more serious than intratracheal administration of tigecycline.

Long-term prognosis of women preeclampsia and risks of incidence in their female offspring

WANG Runmei, YANG Qiuhong, ZHANG Fang, MA Yuyan

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  31-35.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.861

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Objective To investigate the long-term prognosis of women who suffered preeclampsia and the risk of preeclampsia in their female offspring. Methods A total of 311 women with a history of preeclampsia were recruited as the observation group, while 328 women with normal delivery were enrolled as the control group. Both groups satisfied the following criteria: no history of hypertention, diabetes, renal diseases, cardiovascular and brain diseases, or other medical complications before pregnancy. The occurrence of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and preeclampsia during pregnancy in the female offspring of these subjects were analyzed with χ2 test. Results The incidence of hypertension(23.79% vs 8.23%, P<0.001), diabetes(11.25% vs 6.71%, P=0.044), microalbuminuria(21.54% vs 6.10%, P<0.001), chronic kidney disease(10.29% vs 5.79%, P=0.036), heart failure(2.57% vs 0.61%, P=0.046), and stroke(3.22% vs 0.91%, P=0.039)were higher in the observation group than those in the control group. Long-term prognosis figures showed that the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05). The incidence of preeclampsia in the female offspring of women with history of preeclampsia was significantly higher than those without history of preeclampsia (OR: 5.35; 95% CI: 2.20~12.97). Conclusion Preeclampsia is a risk factor for long-term cardiovascular disease. The female offspring of women with history of preeclampsia have increased risks of preeclampsia during pregnancy. For women with family history of preeclampsia, prenatal checkup should be strength- 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷12期 -王润梅,等. 子痫前期患者远期预后及其后代发病风险的评估 \=-ened and prevention measures should be taken early enough so as to improve the long-term prognosis.

Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging and clinical characteristics of cerebral palsy based on 1 060 cases

WANG Song, CHENG Hongbin, YI Long, WANG Peishen, SUN Xianchang, AN Yihua

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  36-42.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.825

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Objective To analyze the relationship between the brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and cerebral palsy types/risk factors. Methods Information, including age, risk factors, clinical classification and MRI findings, of 1 060 hospitalized patients with cerebral palsy was reviewed. Results Among the 1 060 patients, the abnormal rate of brain MRI results was 82.17%, in which periventricular leukomalacia(PVL)(27.93%), enlargement of the lateral ventricles(13.11%), brain atrophy(10.85%), delayed myelination(10.28%), and abnormal corpus callosum(10.19%)were the common types. The abnormal rate of spastic cerebral palsy was 83.65%, in which PVL, enlargement of the lateral ventricles, and delayed myelination were the commen types. The abnormal rate of dyskinetic cerebral palsy was 60.98%, in which basal ganglia damage, PVL and enlargement of the lateral ventricles were the common types. The abnormal rate of ataxic cerebral palsy was 88.57%, in which cerebellar hypoplasia and abnormal corpus callosum were the common types. The abnormal rate of mixed type was 75.90%. Proportions of PVL, enlargement of the lateral ventricles and schizencephaly were higher in prematurity patients(all P< 0.05). Proportions of PVL, delayed myelina- 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷12期 -王耸,等.1 060例脑性瘫痪患者MRI表现及其与临床特征的关系 \=-tion, and focal cerebral ischemia were higher in patients with hypoxia asphyxia(all P<0.05). Proportions of basal ganglia damage and focal cerebral ischemia were higher in patients with pathologic jaundice(both P<0.05). Conclusion MRI has important clinical significance in children with cerebral palsy and its changes are closely related to cerebral palsy types and risk factors.

A preliminary study of spectral CT in differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors

LIU Zhaodi, DENG Kai, JIN Xianwen, SONG Gesheng, ZHANG Chengqi

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  43-50.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2016.1614

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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of spectral CT in the differential diagnosis of gynecologic ovarian tumors. Methods The clinical data of 58 patients with ovarian tumors undergoing spectral enhanced scan were retrospectively analyzed. The results were confirmed by surgery and pathology. The patients were divided into two groups: benign group(n=30)and malignant group(n=28). The following parameters were measured in the arterial phase and venous phase, including the iodine content(IC), water content(WC), average CT value of 40-140 keV(interval 10 keV), slope of the energy spectrum curve between 40 and 100 keV, and shape of 40-140 keV energy spectrum curve. The pathological results were compared with spectral parameters, and the differential diagnostic value of spectral CT in gynecologic pelvic diseases was evaluated. Results The energy spectrum curve in the two groups both showed a decreased arc shape as single energy increased in the arterial phase and venous phase. The lower the energy, the greater the CT value difference. The CT values of 40-100 keV and slope of the energy spectrum curve in the arterial phase in the 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷12期 -刘朝娣,等.能谱CT对卵巢原发良恶性肿瘤的鉴别 \=-benign group were significantly less than those in the malignant group(P<0.05). The CT values of 60-140 keV in the venous phase in the benign group were greater than those in the malignant group(P<0.05), while the iodine content in arterial phase was less(P<0.05). The detection rates of spectral CT in the diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors were 86.67% and 85.71%, respectively. The sensitivity was 86.67% and 80.00%, respectively, and the specificity was 80.00% and 86.67%. There was no statistically significant difference between the CT results and pathological results(κ=0.72), and the consistency was high. Conclusion Multi-parameter analysis with spectral CT allows preliminary differential diagnosis of primary ovarian tumors.

An analysis of the burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in a multi-center health management population

KANG Fengling, DING Lijie, LIU Xiaojuan, ZHOU Miao, XUE Fuzhong

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  51-55.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.431

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Objective To explore the burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in Shandong Province, in order to provide references for the reasonable allocation of health resources for the prevention of such diseases. Methods The prevalence, mortality and case fatality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in a multi-center health management population in 2015 were collected. Disability adjusted life years(DALYs)and DALYs rate were calculated using DisMod II and WHO recommended DALY calculation template. DALYs rate was regarded as an index to evaluate the burden of diseases. Results The prevalence, mortality and case fatality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases elevated with patients age advanced. DALYs rate also increased with age. The average DALYs rate was 33.7 person-year/1 000 for male and 33.0 person-year/1 000 for female. The overall DALYs rate was 33.4 person-year/1 000. Conclusion The burden of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is high in Shandong Province, and increases with age increment. The government should take measures to reduce the burden of such diseases, especially for individuals aged above 70 years.

A prediction model for bronchial asthma risk based on a health management population

LIU Xiaojuan, DING Lijie, KANG Fengling, ZHOU Miao, XUE Fuzhong

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  56-61.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.425

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Objective To construct a prediction model for bronchial asthma risks based on a health management population. Methods A cohort consisting of 77,493 non-bronchial asthma individuals at baseline was followed up to detect the incidence of bronchial asthma. The risk factors were screened with a single-variable Cox regression model. The selected risk factors were analyzed with multivariate Cox regression model and backwards method. Then a Cox risk prediction model was constructed. The validation and predictive ability of the model were evaluated with the area under the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve. The stability of the model was tested with ten-fold cross validation method. Results During the 9-year follow-up, 134 new cases of bronchial asthma were observed. The variables finally included in the prediction model were age, eosinophil count(EOS), low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), rhinitis history, trachea-bronchitis history and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)history. The area under the ROC curve(95%CI)of the model was 0.725(0.673-0.778), and the area under the ROC curve(95%CI)of the ten-fold cross validation result was 0.707(0.647-0.767). Conclusion A prediction model for bronchial asthma risks has been constructed.

Risk prediction model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in health management cohort

GU Jianhua, MA Xiaotian, LI Jiqing, XUE Fuzhong, WANG Jialin

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  62-65.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.447

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Objective To establish a risk prediction model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)among health management Chinese population, and to evaluate its effects in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of COPD. Methods The model was established based on “Shandong Multicenter Health Management Longitudinal Cohort of Observation Large Data”. A total of 33 383 people were included. Cox proportional hazards regression model for COPD was established after variable screening of the influencing factors of COPD. The stability of the model was tested with ten-fold cross validation. The discriminatory ability of the model was determined with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC). Results Altogether 136 COPD cases were observed over the study, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 118.08/100 000 person-year. The risk factors included age, gender, smoke, albumin, blood pressure and white blood cell count. The estimated AUC for the model was 0.872(95%CI: 0.810-0.930). After internal verification by ten-fold cross validation, the AUC was 0.866(95%CI: 0.809-0.923). Conclusion We have constructed a risk model that can be useful in identifying individuals at high risk of COPD in our cohort.

Analysis of the influencing factors of medicine taking behavior among hypertensive patients in Shandong Province based on generalized estimating equation

SU Lina, XU Lingzhong, HAN Kaiyi

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  66-70.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.508

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Objective To investigate the medicine taking behavior of hypertensive patients and the influencing factors in Shandong Province, in order to provide reliable references for the management and control of hypertension. Methods The data on medicine taking behavior among hypertensive patients were obtained from the Fifth National Health Service Survey in 2013 to establish the database. The influencing factors were analyzed based on generalized estimating equation. Results The total number of hypertensive patients surveyed in Shandong Province was 4 772, 71.00% of whom took medicine every day according to doctors advice. The rural patients(OR=0.547), and employed patients(OR=0.655)were not so compliant to doctors advice, while the patients aged ≥60 years(OR=1.557), and patients with average annual income ≥12 500 RMB(OR=1.482)were likely to take medicine every day according to doctors advice. Conclusion Although some objective factors can not be changed, targeted measures should be taken to improve patients medicine taking behavior based on the above influencing factors. Reducing the medical burden of rural, low-income and elderly patients will greatly enhance their medical accessibility. Encouraging the employed patients to build a regular schedule and a good habit of medicine usage is also of great significance. These measures will help patients to effectively control blood pressure and reduce complications.

Health-related quality of life among vulnerable people in Shandong Province based on the EQ-5D utility value integral system

LI Mi, SU Lina, XU Lingzhong

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  71-76.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.536

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Objective To analyze the vulnerable peoples health-related quality of life and its influence factors in Shandong Province. Methods The data came from the fifth National Health Service Survey in Shandong Province. The utility value of health status was calculated by using EQ-5D social value set from China. The rank-sum test and Tobit model were employed to explore the influencing factors of health status in the vulnerable people. Results The vulnerable peoples median utility value of health status was 1(0.783,1). The factors affecting the health utility values among vulnerable people were the basic medical insurance, age, average income per person, consumption level, BMI, two-week prevalence rate, whether patients suffering from chronic diseases, hospitalization, exercise, brushing, health records, and regular physical examination. Conclusion The factors affecting the health utility values among vulnerable people in Shandong Province were various. Therefore, related medical policy should be formulated based on the characteristics of the vulnerable people in order to ensure their health status.

Epidemiological characteristics of death caused by road traffic injury in Jinan City during 2011-2015

YANG Liu, ZHOU Lin, ZHANG Jun, WAGN Ying, LIU Shouqin

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  77-81.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.194

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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of death caused by road traffic injury in Jinan City during 2011-2015, and to provide evidence for road traffic injury prevention and control. Methods The data of death caused by road traffic injury during this period in Jinan City was used and classified by ICD-10 to calculate the mortality and to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of road traffic injury deaths and its influence on life expectancy. Results The standardized mortality of road traffic injury was 16.72/100 000, accounting for 38.86% of all injury deaths. In these 5 years, the mortality rate of road traffic injury showed a downward trend. The mortality of road traffic injury was higher in males than in females, and the mortality increased with age. Among the different road users, the mortality of pedestrian was the highest(7.99/100 000), followed by motorcycle users(3.05/100 000). After removal of road traffic injury, peoples life expectancy in Jinan City increased by 0.41 years. Conclusion Road traffic injury seriously affects the health and life of the residents in Jinan City, and more attention should be paid to the intervention of vulnerable groups.

Residents’ choices of medical treatment institutions based on hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system in Xuzhou City

MIAO Chunxia, LI Hanhan, ZHUO Lang, WANG Wenhai, JIANG Jinxing, ZHENG Juan, HUANG Wenhao, ZHAO Shihong

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  82-87.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.270

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Objective To investigate residents’ choice of medical treatment institutions and the influencing factors in Xuzhou City, and to provide scientific and feasible suggestions for the formation of good medical order and the improvement of medical treatment. Methods People who had no cognitive impairment and over 18 years old were selected by using stratified random sampling method in Xuzhou City. A total of 1 550 questionnaires were distributed and 1 473 were recovered. Results Among the 1 473 residents, 1 218(82.69%)fell ill, 930(76.35%)of whom chose medical treatment, 545(58.60%)of whom chose primary medical institutions and the other 385(41.40%)chose general hospitals. Binary Logistic analysis showed that the influencing factors of health care service choice consist of average family monthly income, medical expense, distance to medical institutions, whether knowing the hierarchical medical diagnosis and treatment system. Conclusion The percentage of choosing first treatment in the community is 58.60%. Residents preferred to primary medical institutions, who had lower average monthly income and lower medical costs, who was closer to primary medical institutions and was longer to the general hospitals, and who known the hierarchical medical diagnosis and treatment system.

Changes in prescriptions for upper respiratory tract infections in Z county of Shandong Province:a panel data analysis of 8 village clinics

YANG Ding,YANG Peng, LI Yubo, SUN Qiang

Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences). 2017, 55(12):  88-94.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2017.870

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Objective To analyze prescription patterns of patients with upper respiratory tract infections(URTIs)at village clinics in Shandong Province and to provide references to promote rational use of drugs in rural areas. Methods Probability-proportional-to-size sampling method was used to select prescriptions with URTIs(n=4 359)from 8 village clinics in Z county in Shandong Province between March 2015 and February 2017. Prescription patterns and trends were analyzed using linear regression model. Results Among the 4 359 prescriptions with URTIs, the proportion of antibiotic prescriptions decreased(β=-0.009, P<0.001). And the rate of third-generation cephalosporins revealed gradual increase(β=0.001, P=0.038). The proportion of Chinese Patent Medicine prescriptions was increased(β=0.003, P=0.028). The proportion of antibiotic prescriptions decreased in four age groups: under 15 years, 16 to 44 years, 45 to 59 years and above 60 years. Meanwhile, the proportion of prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 山 东 大 学 学 报 (医 学 版)55卷12期 -杨丁,等.基于面板数据的村卫生室上呼吸道感染处方用药变化规律——以山东省Z县8个村卫生室为例 \=-and corticosteroids to patients under 15 years old and above 60 years old decreased. Conclusion Antibiotic prescriptions for URTIs decreased notably, while Chinese Patent Medicine prescriptions increased. However, the rate of antibiotics use was still high, especially of broad spectrum antibiotics.