寨卡病毒感染与疾病

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2021.0332

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

寨卡病毒(ZIKV)是一种主要由伊蚊叮咬传播的黄病毒，可引起寨卡病毒病(ZVD)，首次发现于1947年。发现后的半个世纪以来，仅有少数散发病例的报道。但2007年以来，ZIKV在全球引发了数次不同规模的疫情，并引起一些严重的并发症，如小头畸形、吉兰-巴雷综合征(GBS)，特别是ZIKV可经性途径传播，影响男性生殖健康，使得ZIKV感染引起极大关注。2016年2月，WHO宣布ZIKV为全球紧急公共卫生事件。就近年来ZIKV的流行态势及其并发症作综述。

关键词: 寨卡病毒, 寨卡病毒病, 小头畸形, 吉兰-巴雷综合征, 先天寨卡综合征

Abstract:

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus in the family Flaviviridae, which is the pathogen of ZIKV disease (ZVD). First identified in 1947, ZIKV caused sporadic infections in human. However, since 2007, ZIKV infections have spread around the world and caused severe neurological complications such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Notably, ZIKV can be sexually transmitted and affect male reproductive health. The World Health Organization declared in February 2016 ZIKV to be an international public health emergency. This paper provides a brief review to ZIKV epidemiology and ZVD complications.

Key words: Zika virus, ZIKV disease, Microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Congenital Zika syndrome

中图分类号:

R373

安静,宋正然,甄自达,吴艳花. 寨卡病毒感染与疾病[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2021, 59(5): 22-29.

Jing AN,Zhengran SONG,Zida ZHEN,Yanhua WU. Zika virus infection and disease[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(5): 22-29.

图/表 2

图1

表1

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类型	症状
先天感染异常
不良妊娠	流产/死胎
	胎盘功能不全
先天发育不良	小头畸形
	胎儿发育迟缓
神经系统	皮质发育畸形/钙化
	后颅窝畸变
	脑容量减少
	脑室肥大
	脑积水
	癫痫患病率增加	癫痫痉挛
		局灶性运动性癫痫发作
		强直性癫痫发作
	语言、听力、视力、生长发育障碍
骨骼	多发性先天性关节炎
	关节畸形/软化/脱位
	运动发育受累	运动神经元明显少于预期水平
视觉	眼后节	斑块斑驳
		脉络膜视网膜萎缩
		视神经异常
		晶状体半脱位
		眼球瘤
	视网膜	视网膜外层和视网膜色素上皮细胞丢失
	双眼异常	斜视/散光
		远视/近视
心血管系统	心脏缺陷	卵圆孔未闭
消化系统	吞咽困难
	肠道改变
	肝钙化、肿大
泌尿生殖系统	膀胱过度活动症
	膀胱容量降低，膀胱充盈压升高
	肾发育不全
	隐睾/小阴茎
呼吸系统	胸水
	膈肌麻痹
其他	听力异常
	发育异常
	颅面部比例失调
	头皮皮肤多余
后天感染异常
神经系统	吉兰-巴雷综合征
	外周神经综合征
	急性脊髓炎
	脑膜/脑炎
男性生殖系统	血精/少精
	前列腺炎/阴囊炎
	睾丸、附睾炎症，严重可致永久性损伤
听力	听力缺失/下降
	耳鸣
其他	充血性心力衰竭
	血小板减少
	肝脏损伤

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