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山东大学学报 (医学版) ›› 2020, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (8): 50-60.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2020.0602

• 脑科学与类脑智能研究专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

神经调控技术简述

张迪1,2,*(),于猛1,2,刘霞1,2   

  1. 1. 山东大学齐鲁医院神经外科，山东大学脑与类脑科学研究院，山东 济南 250012
    2. 山东省脑功能重构重点实验室，山东 济南 250012
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-15 出版日期:2020-08-07 发布日期:2020-08-07
  • 通讯作者: 张迪 E-mail:dizhang@sdu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张迪，山东大学齐鲁医院神经外科研究员，山东省“泰山学者”青年专家，山东大学齐鲁青年学者，兼任山东省欧美同学会常任理事，美国华人医药科学家协会会员，加拿大中国专业人士协会会员。博士毕业于美国德克萨斯大学圣安东尼奥医学研究中心，代表作发表于Molecular Psychiatry，PNAS，JBC，Endocrinology等国际知名期刊。2017年全职引进回国，承担国家自然科学基金青年基金，山东省自然科学基金面上基金以及山东省重大基础研究基金等国家和省部级研究项目多项。研究方向以条件性敲除、药理学、病毒环路示踪、光/化学遗传学和光纤钙离子成像为主要手段，以小鼠精神疾病模型为主要动物模型，研究重大精神疾病，如抑郁、创伤后应激障碍和儿童自闭症的神经环路机制和创新治疗手段
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81701329);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2019ZD33)

A general overview of neuromodulation

Di ZHANG1,2,*(),Meng YU1,2,Xia LIU1,2   

  1. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
    2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
  • Received:2020-04-15 Online:2020-08-07 Published:2020-08-07
  • Contact: Di ZHANG E-mail:dizhang@sdu.edu.cn

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摘要：

神经调控是利用侵入性或非侵入性技术、采用物理性(光、磁、电、超声)或化学性手段改变神经系统功能的生物医学工程技术。过去的30年里，随着人们对脑功能调控机制的深入研究以及现代科学技术的发展，神经调控已经从基本概念转化为临床应用，从单纯技术发展成百亿产业。同时，新兴的神经调控技术也不断涌现。神经调控技术的发展不但为神经科学基础研究提供了全新的研究工具，也为神经系统疾病临床治疗提供了崭新的干预手段。将简述神经调控技术的发展现状和应用领域，阐明不同神经调控技术的作用原理和优劣势，以及展望神经调控技术的发展前景。

关键词: 神经调控, 神经功能重塑, 神经精神疾病

Abstract:

Neuromodulation refers to a series of biomedical engineering techniques which normalize or modulate the function of the nervous system through invasive or non-invasive delivery of physical or chemical stimulus. In the past thirty years, with the in-depth understanding of the nervous system and its mechanisms of action, as well as the rapidly developing modern techniques, neuromodulation has evolved from basic concept to clinical applications. At the same time, new concepts and alternative methods of neuromodulation are constantly being innovated, tested and put into practice. The advancing of neuromodulation techniques will not only provide new tools for basic neuroscience research but also offer novel therapeutic options for neurological and psychiatric disorders. In this overview, we will briefly introduce the current status of different types of neuromodulation techniques, including the clinical applications, underlying mechanisms of their therapeutic effects and advantages/disadvantages, as well as the prospects for the future.

Key words: Neuromodulation, Neuroplasticity, Neuropsychiatric disorders

中图分类号: 

  • R318

图1

神经调控技术的种类与应用 A：神经调控技术在临床治疗中的应用。神经调控技术(包括磁调控和电调控)被广泛应用于多种神经系统和精神疾病,如难治性抑郁，难治性癫痫，慢性疼痛等；B：神经调控技术在科学研究中的应用。神经调控技术(包括光遗传学和化学遗传学)主要被应用于神经科学介观层面的基础研究；C：神经调控技术的种类。本文涵盖的神经调控种类包含磁、电、超声、光以及化学调控，各类神经调控技术又包含侵入性以及非侵入性手段。"

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