Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of Halofuginone(HF)on macrophage polarization in endometriosis(EMs)mouse. Methods EMs mouse model was established. The lesion size was observed and calculated. The macrophage markers, including M1 phenotype(CD16/32⁺, CD197⁺)and M2 phenotype(CD206⁺, CD14⁺), were measured by flow cytometry. The expressions of macrophage molecules, including M1 phenotype(iNOS, IL-12)and M2 phenotype(IL-10, Arg-1), were detected by Western Blot. The levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. Finally, the separated macrophages were treated with TGF-β1 and the expressions of iNOS and Arg-1 were examined by Western Blot. Moreover, the positive cell number was detected by flow cytometry. Results HF decreased the lesion seize in EMs mouse. The numbers of M1 phenotype were increased and M2 were reduced. The expressions of M1 markers were promoted, and the expressions of M2 were restrained with HF treatment. The levels of pro-inflammation cytokines were increased with decreased level of anti-inflammation cytokines by HF. The cell numbers of iNOS⁺ were increased and Arg-1 were decreased in TGF-β1 treated macrophages. Conclusion HF directly affects macrophages, maintains the balance of inflammatory microenvironment in EMs mouse, suppresses the macrophages polarization towards M2 phenotype, reduces the lesion seize of EMs mouse.

Key words: Halofuginone, Macrophage, Endometriosis, Inflammatory cytokine