山东大学学报 (医学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (1): 1-7.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1089
• 重点专题——精神与睡眠问题的机制证据与转化 • 下一篇
宋一鸣1,2,王佳丰2,韩晓娟2,杜怡峰1,2
SONG Yiming1,2, WANG Jiafeng2, HAN Xiaojuan2, DU Yifeng1,2
摘要： 脑维持指通过减少与年龄相关的脑组织改变以及由遗传因素或生活方式导致的脑病理变化,从而维持大脑结构和功能完整性的过程。这一过程涉及神经发生、脑内微环境稳态调节及神经补偿等多个复杂的生理机制。目前,基于纵向观测数据的脑结构相对变化分析是最受认可的脑维持测量方法。多种可调控因素能够通过减缓大脑生理性或病理性衰退、促进神经修复过程等方式有效维持大脑的年轻化状态。研究表明,老年群体保持良好认知功能的主要机制在于大脑衰老相关变化的相对延缓。维持老年人良好的大脑结构及功能有助于提升老年人生活质量及减轻家庭照护压力。本综述从测量方法、影响因素和机制三个方面总结脑维持的研究进展,为制定脑老化的干预策略提供理论依据。
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