潍坊市某城区65岁及以上老年人社会适应能力现状及其影响因素

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doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1043

摘要： 目的了解某市区65岁及以上老年人社会适应能力现状,分析其影响因素,以期为提高老年人的社会适应能力提供理论依据和实践指导。方法本研究采用横断面研究方法,根据纳入标准和排除标准,采用随机抽样方法选取潍坊市某城区65岁及以上老年人为研究对象,采用影响因素调查问卷和社会适应能力量表开展调查,调查内容包括人口学特征、生活习惯状况、身体健康状况和社会支持情况等,采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析老年人社会适应能力的影响因素。结果本次调查共纳入631人;被调查老年人的社会适应得分为14(22)分;Logistic回归分析结果显示:男性、性格外向、高中文化程度、参加体育锻炼、荤素搭配、睡眠质量好、无慢性病的老年人具有较高的社会适应能力。结论老年人应保持均衡饮食,持续学习,参与社交活动;社区应组织多样化的活动,提供心理辅导;政府应建设无障碍设施,提供健康教育和保健服务,帮助老年人管理慢性病。全社会应共同努力,提高老年人的生活质量和社会适应能力。

关键词: 老年人, 社会适应能力, 现状调查, Logistic回归, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To explore the current social adaptation status of the elderly aged 65 and above, and to analyze influencing factors, which would provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for improving the social adaptability of the elderly. Methods Cross-sectional study was adopted in this research. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the elderly aged 65 years and above were selected as the subjects by random sampling method. Questionnaires on influencing factors and social adaptability scale were used to carry out the investigation, including demographic characteristics, living habits, physical health and social support et al. The influence factors of the elderly social adaptation ability were analyzed by univariate statistical analysis and multiple Logistic regression. Results A total of 631 elderly were included in the study, the social adaptation ability score of the elderly was 14(22). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly who were male, extroverted, highly educated, participated in physical exercise, vegetarian combination, good sleeping quality and no chronic diseases were more likely to have high social adaptability. Conclusion The elderly should maintain a balanced diet, keep study, and participate in social activities. The community should organize diversified activities and provide psychological counseling. Governments should build barrier-free facilities and provide health education and health services to help the elderly manage chronic diseases. The whole society should work together to improve the quality of life and social adaptability of the elderly.

Key words: Elderly, Social adaptation ability, Status survey, Logistic regression, Influencing factor

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刘国伟,翟艳,王薇,吕军城. 潍坊市某城区65岁及以上老年人社会适应能力现状及其影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(2): 104-110.

LIU Guowei, ZHAI Yan, WANG Wei, LYU Juncheng. Current status and influence factors of social adaptability of the elderly aged 65 and above in an urban area of Weifang City[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2025, 63(2): 104-110.

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