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山东大学学报 (医学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (1): 1-7.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1089

• 重点专题——精神与睡眠问题的机制证据与转化 •    下一篇

脑维持与认知功能:测量、影响因素和机制

宋一鸣1,2,王佳丰2,韩晓娟2,杜怡峰1,2   

  1. 1.山东大学齐鲁医学院, 山东 济南 250012;2.山东第一医科大学附属省立医院神经内科/内分泌糖脂代谢与脑老化教育部重点实验室, 山东 济南 250021
  • 发布日期:2026-01-27
  • 通讯作者: 杜怡峰. E-mail:du-yifeng@hotmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3501404);中国脑科学与类脑智能技术研究项目(2021ZD0201801,2021ZD0201808)

Brain maintenance and cognitive function: measurement, influencing factors and mechanism

SONG Yiming1,2, WANG Jiafeng2, HAN Xiaojuan2, DU Yifeng1,2   

  1. 1. Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;
    2. Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University/Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose &
    Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
  • Published:2026-01-27

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摘要： 脑维持指通过减少与年龄相关的脑组织改变以及由遗传因素或生活方式导致的脑病理变化,从而维持大脑结构和功能完整性的过程。这一过程涉及神经发生、脑内微环境稳态调节及神经补偿等多个复杂的生理机制。目前,基于纵向观测数据的脑结构相对变化分析是最受认可的脑维持测量方法。多种可调控因素能够通过减缓大脑生理性或病理性衰退、促进神经修复过程等方式有效维持大脑的年轻化状态。研究表明,老年群体保持良好认知功能的主要机制在于大脑衰老相关变化的相对延缓。维持老年人良好的大脑结构及功能有助于提升老年人生活质量及减轻家庭照护压力。本综述从测量方法、影响因素和机制三个方面总结脑维持的研究进展,为制定脑老化的干预策略提供理论依据。

关键词: 脑维持, 脑老化, 认知功能, 认知储备, 影响因素, 人群干预研究

Abstract: Brain maintenance(BM)refers to the process of preserving the structural and functional integrity of the brain by reducing age-related brain tissue alterations and pathological brain changes caused by genetic factors or lifestyle. This process encompasses multiple complex physiological mechanisms, including neurogenesis, regulation of cerebral microenvironment homeostasis, and neural compensation. Currently, the most widely recognized method for measuring BM is the analysis of relative structural brain changes based on longitudinal observational data. Various modifiable factors can effectively maintain a youthful brain state by slowing physiological or pathological decline and promoting neural repair processes. Studies indicate that the primary mechanism underlying preserved cognitive function in older adults lies in the relative delay of age-related brain changes. Maintaining optimal brain structure and function in older populations contri-butes to improving quality of life and alleviating family caregiving burdens. This review summarizes research progress in BM from three perspectives-measurement methods, influencing factors, and mechanisms-to provide a theoretical basis for developing intervention strategies against brain aging.

Key words: Brain maintenance, Brain aging, Cognitive function, Cognitive reserve, Influencing factors, Population intervention studies

中图分类号: 

  • R742
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