Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences) ›› 2021, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (12): 42-49.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2021.1010

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Health risk assessment of drinking water in Qingdao from 2014 to 2019

PAN Lu, WANG Bingling, WANG Yin, ZHANG Xiuqin, XU Chunsheng, LI Dandan, DUAN Haiping   

  1. Department of Environmental Health, Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention;
    Qindao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, China
  • Published:2021-12-29

PDF (PC)

268

Abstract: Objective To evaluate the health risk of drinking water in Qingdao from 2014 to 2019, and thus to provide the data basis for the drinking water risk management. Methods Totally 2 963 samples of drinking water from 2014 to 2019 in 10 districts of Qingdao were collected, and the risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA)was applied to evaluate the health risks caused by 17 chemical pollutants in drinking water. Results The highest carcinogenic risk of adult caused by drinking water was cadmium(carcinogenic risk was 1.94×10-5), followed by chromium and arsenic. The carcinogenic risks of all six chemical pollutants showed an overall downward trend in 6 years. Fluoride had the highest non-carcinogenic risk(hazard quotient was 0.31), followed by nitrate and arsenic. There was no statistically significant difference in carcinogenic risk between men and women. Arsenic, chromium, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride showed statistically different carcinogenetic risks between finished water and tap water(all P<0.05). The carcinogenic risk of chloroform in the high flow period was greater than that in the low flow period(P=0.009). Conclusion The health risk of drinking water in Qingdao is below the maximum acceptable risk level recommended by US EPA. The health risks of 17 chemical pollutants are at an acceptable level and will not cause obvious health risk for adult. The carcinogenic risks of cadmium, arsenic and chromium and the non-carcinogenic risks of fluoride, nitrate nitrogen and arsenic are relatively high, and should be given priority attention in drinking water risk management.

Key words: Health risk assessment, Drinking water, Chemical pollutants, Carcinogenic risk, Non-carcinogenic risk

CLC Number: 

  • R123.1
[1] 王强, 赵月朝, 屈卫东, 等. 1996-2006年我国饮用水污染突发公共卫生事件分析[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2010, 27(4): 328-331. WANG Qiang, ZHAO Yuezhao, QU Weidong, et al. Investigation of drinking water contamination incidents in China during 1996-2006[J]. Journal of Environment and Health, 2010, 27(4): 328-331.
[2] 李羡筠. 砷的毒性及排砷研究进展[J]. 职业与健康, 2012, 28(6): 742-744, 747. LI Xianyun. Research progress on toxicity and excretion of arsenic[J]. Occupation and Health, 2012, 28(6): 742-744, 747.
[3] 李存江.重视重金属中毒对神经系统的损害[J].中华内科杂志, 2011(11): 908-909.
[4] Richardson SD, Plewa MJ, Wagner ED, et al. Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research[J]. Mutat Res, 2007, 636(1-3): 178-242.
[5] US EPA. Methods for assessing exposure to chemical substances. Volume 4: methods for enumerating and characterizing populations exposed to chemical substances[S]. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Exposure Evaluation Division, Washington DC, US EPA 560/5-85-004, 1985.
[6] 中华人民共和国卫生部, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB/T 5750.1-2006 ~ GB/T 5750.13-2006, 生活饮用水标准检验方法[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社,2006.
[7] 中华人民共和国卫生部, 中国国家标准化管理委员会. GB 5749-2006,生活饮用水卫生标准[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社,2006.
[8] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. WS/T 777-2021. 化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2021.
[9] 环境保护部. 中国人群暴露参数手册(成人卷)[M]. 北京:中国环境出版社, 2013.
[10] 杜艳君, 莫杨, 李湉湉. 环境健康风险评估方法 第四讲 暴露评估(续三)[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2015, 32(6): 556-559.
[11] US EPA. Superfund public health evaluation manual[EB/OL]. [1986-10] (2021-12-06). https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/2000DATB.TXT.
[12] 季文佳, 王琪, 黄启飞, 等. 危险废物储存的地下水环境健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2010, 33(4): 160-164. JI Wenjia, WANG Qi, HUANG Qifei, et al. Health risk assessment for groundwater environment related to hazardous waste storage[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 33(4): 160-164.
[13] 孙庆华, 杜宗豪, 杜艳君,等. 环境健康风险评估方法 第五讲 风险特征(续四)[J]. 环境与健康杂志, 2015, 32(7): 640-642.
[14] US EPA. Available information on assessment exposure from pesticides in food[S]. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, Office of Pesticide Programs, 2000.
[15] No authors listed. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values. A report of age- and gender-related differences in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of reference individuals. ICRP Publication 89[J]. Ann ICRP, 2002, 32(3-4): 5-265.
[16] 符刚, 曾强, 赵亮, 等. 基于GIS的天津市饮用水水质健康风险评价[J]. 环境科学, 2015, 36(12): 4553-4560. FU Gang, ZENG Qiang, ZHAO Liang, et al. Health risk assessment of drinking water quality in Tianjin based on GIS[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(12): 4553-4560.
[17] 王婷, 王丽萍, 赵田禾,等. 2018年四川省江油市生活饮用水健康风险评价[J]. 现代预防医学, 2019, 46(12): 2261-2264, 2286. WANG Ting, WANG Liping, ZHAO Tianhe, et al. Health risk assessment of drinking water in Jiangyou City of Sichuan Province in 2018[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2019, 46(12): 2261-2264, 2286.
[18] 廖雅芬, 叶坚, 古翠虹. 肇庆市农村地区饮用水健康风险评价[J]. 现代预防医学, 2018, 45(6): 181-184. LIAO Yafen, YE Jian, GU Cuihong. Health risk assessment of drinking water in rural areas of Zhaoqing City[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2018, 45(6): 181-184.
[19] 孟春霞, 郑西来, 王成见. 平度市高氟地下水分布特征及形成机制研究[J]. 中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 49(11): 111-119. MENG Chunxia, ZHENG Xilai, WANG Chengjian. Study on distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of high fluorine ground water in Pingdu City[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2019, 49(11): 111-119.
[20] 孟春霞,郑西来,马振宇,等. 青岛市农村供水中硝酸盐氮污染状况及健康风险评价[J].水利水电技术, 2014, 45(9): 24-26, 38. MENG Chunxia, ZHENG Xilai, MA Zhenyu, et al. Assessment on status of nitrate pollution in rural water supply of Qingdao and its healthy risk[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2014, 45(9): 24-26, 38.
[21] 赵秀春, 王成见, 孟春霞. 青岛市地下水中硝酸盐氮的污染及其影响因素分析[J]. 水文, 2008, 28(5): 94-96.
[22] 陈春静, 张景山, 李峻, 等. 2019年南京市饮用水重金属健康风险评估[J]. 现代预防医学, 2020, 47(5): 51-54. CHEN Chunjing, ZHANG Jingshan, LI Jun, et al. Health risk assessment of heavy metals in drinking water, Nanjing, 2019[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2020, 47(5): 51-54.
[23] 何政. 2007-2010年江阴市集中式生活饮用水三氯甲烷、四氯化碳监测结果分析[J]. 中国预防医学杂志, 2012, 13(1): 72-73.
[24] 李新伟, 崔永学, 张扬, 等. 济南市市政供水三氯甲烷和四氯化碳含量及风险评估[J]. 环境卫生学杂志, 2018, 8(1): 42-45. LI Xinwei, CUI Yongxue, ZHANG Yang, et al. Assessment on the levels and health risks of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in municipal water supplies in Jinan[J]. Journal of Environmental Hygiene, 2018, 8(1): 42-45.
[25] 崔永学,单冰,王丽珩,等.2008—2018年济南市饮用水健康风险时空特征研究[J].现代预防医学, 2021,48(3): 410-415, 426. CUI Yongxue, SHAN Bing, WANG Liheng, et al. The spatial-temporal characteristics of health risks of drinking water in Jinan, 2008-2018[J]. Modern Preventive Medicine, 2021, 48(3): 410-415, 426.
[26] 顾鸿儒. 2017-2018年T市生活饮用水水质分析与健康风险评价[D].苏州:苏州大学, 2018.
[1] SHAN Bing, CUI Liangliang, ZHANG Yingjian, CAO Meng, QIN Dazhong, WANG Liheng, PENG Xiumiao. Health risk assessment of common chemical pollutants in the indoor air of hotels, barber shops and beauty salons in Jinan City [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(12): 110-119.
[2] SUN Chengyao, TANG Dajing, CHEN Fengge, ZHAO Chuan, GUAN Mingyang. Trend and health risk assessment of chemical components in atmospheric PM2.5 in Shijiazhuang City from 2016 to 2020 [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(12): 78-86.
[3] CAO Meng, WANG Liheng, PENG Xiumiao, CUI Liangliang. Concentration characteristics and chronic health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in atmospheric PM2.5 in two districts of Jinan from 2016 to 2020 [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(12): 87-95.
[4] XIA Huiyu, LIU Zhong, LIU Shumin, LI Xuewen. Residue characteristics and health risk of beta-agonists in fodder-faeces-drinking water in intensive animal breeding area [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(12): 33-41.
[5] LIU Fangying, ZHAO Zhiqiang, MENG Chao, WANG Dan, LI Ping, LIU Xiaoli, ZHANG Dianping, WANG Qin, WANG Min. Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of nitrates and health risks in drinking water in Zibo City [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(12): 50-57.
[6] PENG Xiumiao, WANG Xuefeng, GONG Weimei, ZHANG Yang, ZHOU Jingwen, CUI Liangliang. Concentration changes and health risk of 8 heavy metals in drinking water in Jinan from 2016 to 2020 [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(12): 24-32.
[7] YANG Siyu, YAN Xiaona, PENG Jing, ZHANG Jie, WANG Yongxing, ZHANG Xinye, ZHANG Shufang. Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of metals and metalloids in PM2.5 in two districts of Zhengzhou [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(12): 70-77.
[8] CHAI Ran, ZHANG Xiuqin, XU Chunsheng, WANG Yin, PAN Lu, WANG Bingling, DUAN Haiping. Distribution of microplastics in drinking water in Qingdao [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(12): 58-62.
[9] DU Yanjun, BAN Jie, SUN Qinghua, ZHANG Yi, WANG Qing, CHEN Chen, LIU Yuanyuan, LI Tiantian. Interpretation of the “Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Exposure” [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(12): 20-23.
[10] WANG Jintao, SU Ping, YUAN Zhongshang, XUE Fuzhong. Sub-distribution hazard model and its applications in health risk assessment [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2017, 55(6): 37-41.
[11] WANG Tingting, WANG Jintao, YUAN Zhongshang, SU Ping, XUE Fuzhong. Cause-specific hazard model and its applications in health risk assessment [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2017, 55(6): 42-46.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] WANG Huan-liang,SUN Bao-zhu,DU Hong-mei,ZHOU Chang-qing,ZHANG Li. Controlling the depth of propofol anesthesia using the bispectral indexand the systolic blood pressure[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2006, 44(5): 471 -474 .
[2] SONG Yong-hong,MA Chun-hong,LV Hong-juan,ZHU Chuan-fu,NIE Xiang-min,WANG Mei,LIU Yan,ZHANG Ping. HLA allele polymorphism in northern Hans of China[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2007, 45(6): 546 -553 .
[3] HUANGQing,TIAN Hui,LI Lin,LIANG Fei,LIU Xi-xian. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2006, 44(6): 556 -559 .
[4] ZHU Mei-jia,HAN Ju,WANG Xin-yi,LU Wei,WANG Ai-hua,GUAN Xin-hua,CAO Xia,CAO Bing-zhen. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2006, 44(8): 834 -839 .
[5] HOU Xiao-yang,BU Pei-li,ZHANG Yun,FENG Jin-bo,LIU Chun-xi,LI Chuan-bao,HAO Ming-xiu. Peroxisome proliferatorsactivated receptor α play a critical role in the inhibition of myocardial fibrosis induced by AngⅡ in vitro[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2007, 45(7): 665 -668 .
[6] ZENG Ji-ping,WANG Li-na,WANG Li-xiang,REN Xiao-hui,ZHANG Meng-ye,XIA Wen,CUI Xing. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2006, 44(5): 467 -470 .
[7] SHU Ya,QI Feng. Jaw thrust device (JTD) on obesity patients for maintaining the airway patency during general anesthesia induction[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2007, 45(10): 1072 -1074 .
[8] SONG Hai-yan, WU Yu-ling, ZHANG Yan-ping. Protective effect of oyster extract on apoptotic cells in neural tube defect induced by hyperthermia[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2007, 45(2): 113 -116 .
[9] YU Hui1,2, CHEN Shaohua1, ZHAO Jiajun2, GAO Ling3
. Effects of ethanol on glycogen content, GSK3β，
and PAMPK of L02 cells[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2009, 47(04): 75 -78 .
[10] WANG Zhi-ang,DING Xua,SUN Peng/sup>,WANG Cheng-wei,HAO Xiao-guang,PAN Shun. Role of pre-operative cerebral angiography in cerebral artery stenosis stent angioplasty[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2007, 45(2): 146 -148 .
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences)
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd