Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences) ›› 2021, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (4): 56-62.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2020.1475

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Effects of domestic white light-emitting diodes exposure on rat retina

NAN Li1, YANG Kaizhuan2, ZHANG Yifan1   

  1. 1. Tianjin Eye Hospital, Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin 300020, China;
    2. Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou Second Hospital, Zhengzhou 450006, Henan, China
  • Published:2021-04-30

PDF (PC)

96

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of different illumination levels of white light-emitting diodes(LED)light on the retinal structure and function of SD rats, in order to seek a relative safe illumination threshold. Methods A total of 40 rats aged 8-10 weeks were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental groups(4 subgroups)with 8 animals in each group. After dark adaptation, the SD rats were exposed to 200, 300, 500 and 1 000 lux white LED light respectively in 12 hrs cycle for 7 days. After dark adaptation for 24 hours, the retinal function was evaluated with flash electroretinogram(F-ERG), and the histopathological changes were assessed with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and transmission electron microscopy. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)via the relative mRNA expressions of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3. Results Scotopic ERG showed that 500 and 1 000 lux white LED exposure resulted in a decrease in Rod-Rb, Max-Ra, Max-Rb and Ops. In the 1 000 lux group, HE staining revealed massive retinal damage. In the 500 and 1 000 lux groups, transmission electron microscopy showed cell membrane structure damage. RT-PCR showed the relative mRNA expressions of Bax and Caspase-3 increased and the mRNA expression of Bcl-2 decreased after 500 and 1 000 lux irradiation. Conclusion Under daily indoor lighting intensity, 7-day cycle of white LED irradiation has no significant effects on the retinal structure and function of SD rats. Light intensity up to 500 lux can cause retinal photodamage in SD rats in a dose-dependent manner. The apoptosis-related genes Bax and Caspase-3 promote the occurrence and progression of retinal light damage.

Key words: White light, Light-emitting diodes, Retina, Apoptosis, SD rat

CLC Number: 

  • R774.1+3
[1] Bielmeier CB, Schmitt SI, Braunger BM. Light intensity-dependent dysregulation of retinal reference genes [J]. Adv Exp Med Biol, 2019, 1185: 295-299. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-27378-1_48.
[2] He M, Xiang F, Zeng Y, et al. Effect of time spent outdoors at school on the development of myopia among children in China: a randomized clinical trial [J]. Jama, 2015, 314(11): 1142-1148.
[3] Jin JX, Hua WJ, Jiang X, et al. Effect of outdoor activity on myopia onset and progression in school-aged children in northeast China: the Sujiatun eye care study [J]. BMC Ophthalmol, 2015, 15: 73. doi:10.1186/512886-015-0052-9.
[4] Landis EG, Yang V, Brown DM, et al. Dim light exposure and myopia in children [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2018, 59(12): 4804-4811.
[5] Krigel A, Berdugo M, Picard E, et al. Light-induced retinal damage using different light sources, protocols and rat strains reveals LED phototoxicity [J]. Neuroscience, 2016, 339: 296-307. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.10.015.
[6] Knels L, Valtink M, Roehlecke C, et al. Blue light stress in retinal neuronal(R28)cells is dependent on wavelength range and irradiance [J]. Eur J Neurosci, 2011, 34(4): 548-558.
[7] Nakamura M, Yako T, Kuse Y, et al. Exposure to excessive blue LED light damages retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors of pigmented mice [J]. Exp Eye Res, 2018, 177: 1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.022.
[8] Sudharsan R, Simone KM, Anderson NP, et al. Acute and protracted cell death in light-induced retinal degeneration in the canine model of rhodopsin autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2017, 58(1): 270-281.
[9] Schäfer N, Grosche A, Schmitt SI, et al. Complement components showed a time-dependent local expression pattern in constant and acute white light-induced photoreceptor damage [J]. Front Mol Neurosci, 2017, 10: 197. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00197.
[10] Uchida Y, Morimoto Y, Uchiike T, et al. Phototherapy with blue and green mixed-light is as effective against unconjugated jaundice as blue light and reduces oxidative stress in the Gunn rat model [J]. Early Hum Dev, 2015, 91(7): 381-385.
[11] Ide T, Toda I, Miki E, et al. Effect of blue lght-reducing eye glasses on critical flicker frequency[J]. Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology(Philadelphia, Pa.), 2015, 4(2): 80-85.
[12] Tosini G, Ferguson I, Tsubota K. Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology [J]. Mol Vis, 2016, 22: 61-72.
[13] Xie C, Li X, Tong J, et al. Effects of white light-emitting diode(LED)light exposure with different correlated color temperatures(CCTs)on human lens epithelial cells in culture [J]. Photochem Photobiol, 2014, 90(4): 853-859.
[14] Jaadane I, Boulenguez P, Chahory S, et al. Retinal damage induced by commercial light emitting diodes(LEDs)[J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2015, 84: 373-384. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.034.
[15] 俞永珍, 徐哲, 邹秀兰, 等. 蓝光诱导氧化应激反应参与视网膜色素上皮细胞凋亡机制研究[J]. 眼科新进展, 2015, 35(6): 520-524. YU Yongzhen, XU Zhe, ZOU Xiulan, et al. Role of oxidative stress induced by blue light in human retinal pigment epithelium cells apoptosis [J]. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology, 2015, 35(6): 520-524.
[16] 彭素芬, 韩泉洪, 李丽华, 等. LED光源对人视网膜色素上皮细胞分泌单核细胞趋化因子-1和白细胞介素-8的影响[J]. 眼科新进展, 2016, 36(3): 201-205. PENG Sufen, HAN Quanhong, LI Lihua, et al. Effects of light emitting diode on expression of MCP-1 and IL-8 in cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells [J]. Recent Advances in Ophthalmology, 2016, 36(3):201-205.
[17] Jaadane I, Villalpando Rodriguez G, Boulenguez P, et al. Retinal phototoxicity and the evaluation of the blue light hazard of a new solid-state lighting technology [J]. Sci Rep, 2020, 10(1): 6733.
[18] Benedetto MM, Contin MA. Oxidative stress in retinal degeneration promoted by constant LED light [J]. Front Cell Neurosci, 2019, 13: 139. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00139.
[19] Kim GH, Kim HI, Paik SS, et al. Functional and morphological evaluation of blue light-emitting diode-induced retinal degeneration in mice [J]. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol, 2016, 254(4): 705-716.
[20] 蔡建奇, 王媛媛, 杜鹏, 等. 基于视觉生理指标的发光二极管光健康影响[J]. 中华眼视光与视觉科学杂志, 2016, 18(9): 513-516. CAI Jianqi, WANG Yuanyuan, DU Peng, et al. An introduction to research on the impact of light-emitting diode lighting on health, based on the visual physiological index [J]. Chinese Journal of Optometry Ophthalmology and Visual science, 2016, 18(9): 513-516.
[21] Grimm C, Remé CE. Light damage models of retinal degeneration [J]. Methods Mol Biol, 2019, 1834: 167-178. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8669-9_12.
[22] Albarracin R, Eells J, Valter K. Photobiomodulation protects the retina from light-induced photoreceptor degeneration [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2011, 52(6): 3582-3592.
[23] Tian L, Zhang L, Xia F, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the retina against light-induced damage in rats [J]. Med Gas Res, 2013, 3(1): 19.
[24] Organisciak DT, Darrow RM, Barsalou L, et al. Susceptibility to retinal light damage in transgenic rats with rhodopsin mutations [J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2003, 44(2): 486-492.
[25] Jaadane I, Boulenguez P, Chahory S, et al. Retinal damage induced by commercial light emitting diodes(LEDs)[J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2015, 84: 373-384. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.034.
[26] Checker R, Pal D, Patwardhan RS, et al. Modulation of Caspase-3 activity using a redox active vitamin K3 analogue, plumbagin, as a novel strategy for radioprotection [J]. Free Radic Biol Med, 2019, 143: 560-572. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.001.
[27] Ogawa K, Kuse Y, Tsuruma K, et al. Protective effects of bilberry and lingonberry extracts against blue light-emitting diode light-induced retinal photoreceptor cell damage in vitro [J]. BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014, 14: 120. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-120.
[1] LU Xiang-Dong, YANG Wei, XU Guang-Meng, QU Yuan-Ming. Expression and role of PPAR-γin meningiomas and troglitazone induced meningiomas cell apoptosis in vitro [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2209, 47(6): 65-.
[2] ZHAO Ge, ZOU Cunhua, SONG Dongdong, ZHAO Shuping. Effects of tanshinone IIA on the proliferation and apoptosis of endometrial carcinoma cells [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2022, 60(9): 53-58.
[3] LIU Min, ZHANG Yuchao, MA Xiaoli, LIU Xinyu, SUN Lu, ZUO Dan, LIU Yuantao. Effects of orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 on H2O2 induced injury of mouse renal podocytes [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2022, 60(5): 16-21.
[4] FENG Haigang, LIU Guowen, CAO Hong. Effects and mechanism of interfering MAD2L1 gene expression on the apoptosis of breast cancer cells [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2022, 60(10): 9-16.
[5] LI Hui, JIANG Chaoyang, LIU Yan, ZHANG Man. Effects and mechanism of histone deacetylase SIRT1 controlled macrophage apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2022, 60(1): 6-12.
[6] LU You, QIE Di, WU Jinhui, YANG Fan. Effects of the intervention of Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway on learning and memory ability in rats with intrauterine growth restriction [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(5): 82-89.
[7] LIU Shudan, ZHANG Feiyan, GUO Songlin, LIANG Xueyun, CHEN Dongmei. Oxymatrine ameliorates oxidative stress injury of HaCaT cells induced by hypoxia ischemia [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(3): 26-34.
[8] XUE Yuan, LIN Xueyan, XU Ge, TIAN Yongjie. Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in the serum of patients with endometriosis and its effect on epithelial mesenchymal transition of eutopic endometrial stromal cells [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2021, 59(2): 41-47.
[9] WANG Bingyu, YANG Yang, CHAO Lan. Expression and role of toll-like receptor 4 in adenomyosis [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2020, 58(6): 47-52.
[10] DING Hualin, LI Yangyang, YU Fengyuan, ZHAN Weiwei, YU Suguo. Daglixamine inhibits renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy via Klotho/TGF-β1 signaling pathway [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2020, 58(3): 75-80.
[11] WANG Ying, ZHANG Yafei, WEN Yong. YAP gene overexpression promotes tongue squamous carcinoma growth through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2020, 58(2): 21-28.
[12] SHI Li, MA Jing, ZHAO Xiwa, GUAN Yingxia, ZHAO Lianmei, SHAN Baoen. Expression and function of miR-25-3p in endometrial cancer [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2020, 58(12): 86-91.
[13] ZHANG Xiaolu, WANG Lili, CHEN Kaiming, LOU Xianzhi, ZHANG Man. Mechanism of histone deacetylase SIRT1 inhibiting macrophages apoptosis via TLR4 signaling pathway [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2020, 58(12): 8-14.
[14] Zongyuan GE,Wanji HE,Lie JU,Xuan YAO,Lin WANG,Yelin HUANG,Zhiwen YANG,Jianhao XIONG,Yining BAO,Ming LI,Bing ZHANG,Xin ZHAO. New developments in ophthalmic AI algorithms [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2020, 58(11): 17-23.
[15] Yi QU,Huankai ZHANG,Xian SONG,Baorui CHU. Research progress of artificial intelligence diagnosis system in retinal diseases [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2020, 58(11): 39-44.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] WANG Huan-liang,SUN Bao-zhu,DU Hong-mei,ZHOU Chang-qing,ZHANG Li. Controlling the depth of propofol anesthesia using the bispectral indexand the systolic blood pressure[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2006, 44(5): 471 -474 .
[2] HUANGQing,TIAN Hui,LI Lin,LIANG Fei,LIU Xi-xian. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2006, 44(6): 556 -559 .
[3] ZHU Mei-jia,HAN Ju,WANG Xin-yi,LU Wei,WANG Ai-hua,GUAN Xin-hua,CAO Xia,CAO Bing-zhen. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2006, 44(8): 834 -839 .
[4] YU Hui1,2, CHEN Shaohua1, ZHAO Jiajun2, GAO Ling3
. Effects of ethanol on glycogen content, GSK3β，
and PAMPK of L02 cells[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2009, 47(04): 75 -78 .
[5] SONG Hai-yan, WU Yu-ling, ZHANG Yan-ping. Protective effect of oyster extract on apoptotic cells in neural tube defect induced by hyperthermia[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2007, 45(2): 113 -116 .
[6] WANG Zhi-ang,DING Xua,SUN Peng/sup>,WANG Cheng-wei,HAO Xiao-guang,PAN Shun. Role of pre-operative cerebral angiography in cerebral artery stenosis stent angioplasty[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2007, 45(2): 146 -148 .
[7] ZENG Ji-ping,WANG Li-na,WANG Li-xiang,REN Xiao-hui,ZHANG Meng-ye,XIA Wen,CUI Xing. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2006, 44(5): 467 -470 .
[8] SHU Ya,QI Feng. Jaw thrust device (JTD) on obesity patients for maintaining the airway patency during general anesthesia induction[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2007, 45(10): 1072 -1074 .
[9] ZHANG Xiang-li,LIU Feng-ying. Correlation between serum TPA and sVCAM-1 and pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2007, 45(7): 705 -707 .
[10] ZHAO Zheng-bin1， XUE Shuang-lin2， ZHANG Li-ting1， LI Jun-feng1，ZHAO Rong-rong1， ZHOU Hai-lian3， CHEN Hong1. Effects of procyanidins on the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and production of TIMP-1 induced by leptin[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2012, 50(7): 46 .
Copyright 2018 © Editorial office of Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences)
Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd