Table of Content

  

10 June 2014
Volume 52 Issue 6

Effect of atorvastatin on TLR4 expression and downstream signaling in atherosclerotic rabbits

LI Yueyan1, GUAN Yuqing2, MIAO Wei2, HU Keqing2, HU Hongyan3, LI Ying2, WANG Xiaoqi2, SU Guohai2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  1-6.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.748

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Objective  To explore the short-term effect of different doses of atorvastain on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) protein and TLR4-dependent downstream signaling monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in an atherosclerotic rabbit model. Methods  A total of 28 New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into the normal group (n=6), model group (n=6), atorvastain low-dose group (n=8) and atorvastain high-dose group (n=8). Except for the normal group, the other groups were fed with 8-week high-fat diet combined with aortaventralis balloon-dilation injury to establish atherosclerotic model. After 8 weeks, the model group continued to eat high fat diet, while the two atorvastain groups received 2-week extra treatment with different doses of drug respectively. At the 10th week, all rabbits were sacrificed. Venous blood was drawn to measure serum lipid and ELISA was used to quantify the amount of inflammation mediators MCP-1 and TGF-β. HE, Masson and Sirius red staining were used to evaluate the amount of collagenous fiber and the pathophysiological changes of abdominal aorta. TLR4 was observed by immunohistochemical method. Results  At the end of the study, serum lipid and inflammation mediators MCP-1 and TGF-β in the normal group were significantly lower than those in the other three groups (P<0.05), and significantly lower in the two atorvastain groups than in the model group, while the decrease in the atorvastain high-dose group was much more obvious (P<0.01). The expression of TLR4 in the normal group was lower than those in the other three groups, which was significantly inhibited by high-dose atorvastain. Conclusion  Atorvastatin is able to lower serum lipid in a dose-dependent manner in short term, and decrease atherosclerosis by inhibiting TLR4 expression and regulating the downstream MCP-1 and TGF-β signaling pathways.

Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and protection of hydroxysafflor yellow A in the prefrontal cortex neurons of lymphostatic encephalopathy rats

CHENG Longfeng1, PAN Yan1, LIU Shangming2, WANG Liyan2, ZHANG Xiumei3, XU Hongyan4, LI Hongyu5

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  7-11.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.722

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Objective  To explore the protection of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on the prefrontal cortex nerve cells by observing the microstructure and the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression of the prefrontal cortex neurons of lymphostatic encephalopathy (LE) rats. Methods  A total of 63 Wistar rats were randomly divided into SHAM group, HSYA group and LE group. The rat models of LE and HSYA group were established by ligaturing lymphatic vessels and excising all the superficial and internal cervical lymph nodes. The rats of HSYA group were given hydroxysafflor yellow A after the operation by intraperitoneal injection. The prefrontal cortex brain nerve cells were observed by microscope and electron microscope, and the paraffin sections were used to observe the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase via immunohistochemical staining. Results  Under optical and electron microscope observation, the nerve cells of prefrontal cortex of LE rats showed irregular morphology, deepened nuclear staining, broken envelop, disappeared nucleolus and fractured myelin. While the SHAM and HSYA group did not show such obvious nerve injuries. The inducible nitric oxide synthase expression increased significantly in the LE group, the highest value appeared in 1d group, and had significant difference compared with 7d and 14d groups (P<0.05). Conclusion  Lymphatic fluid retention induces the magnitude of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the prefrontal cortex nerve cells, which may be associated with the prefrontal cortex neurons  damage. Hydroxysafflor yellow A can restrain the expression of inducible nitric oxide and mitigate the damage.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on GLP-1 and IL-6 in high-fat-diet rats with insulin resistance

HAN Wenjie1, YU Suguo1, CUI Xiangyu2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  12-16.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.681

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Objective  To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on serous glucagon likepeptide-1(GLP-1) and interleukin-6(IL-6) expressions in the hepatic and pancreas tissues of SD rats which were insulin resistant after high-fat forage. Methods  A total of 40 healthy adult male SD rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (NC group, n=10), fed with normal diet; high-fat group (HF group, n=30), fed with fat-rich diet to construct models of insulin resistance. After 12 weeks, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FIns), serum lipids, insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were detected to confirm the construction of models. The HF group was randomly subdivided into high fat control group (HFN group, n=15), and high fat+NAC group (HF+NAC group, n=15). Rats in the HF+NAC group were given NAC 300mg/(kg·d)by gavage once a day with high-fat diet simultaneously. Rats in NC group and HFN group were given the same volume of physiological saline with the same method. After 4 weeks, blood samples were collected from angula vein to test FPG, FIns and blood lipid levels. Meanwhile, the pathological changes of liver were observed under light microscope after HE staining. The serum level of GLP-1 was examined by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The expression of IL-6 in the hepatic tissues and pancreas was detected by immunohis-tochemistry. Results  In HFN group, the sensitivity to insulin decreased,glucose tolerance impaired, and fatty liver occurred. Serous level of GLP-1 significantly increased in HF+NAC group compared with HFN group (P<0.05); the expression of IL-6 in the liver and pancreas tissues in HF+NAC group was much lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion  NAC would reduce the insulin resistance in high-fat-diet rats by increasing the serous level of GLP-1 while reducing IL-6 protein expression and activity, which has a protective effect on insulin resistance.

Effects of IL-6 on the expressions of bcl-2，cyclinD1 and VEGF in ovarian cancer cells

QIU Huihui1， YE Liping1， WEN Youfeng2， LI Dan1， SONG Jia1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  17-21.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.758

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Objective  To investigate the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) on the expressions of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), CyclinD1 (CyclinD1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in epithelial ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. Methods  The optimal concentration of IL-6 was determined by treating SKOV3 cells with IL-6 of diverse concentrations. In addition to IL-6 of the optimal concentration, AG490 of diverse concentrations were also used. The proliferation and apoptosis of cells, and the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2, CyclinD1, and VEGF were detected by MTT, flow cytometry, RT-PCR and Western blotting. Results  IL-6 promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of the cells(P<0.01), and increased the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2, CyclinD1 and VEGF (P<0.01). The effects of IL-6 (0, 10, 20ng/mL) were  in a concentration-dependent way. There were significant differences between 48h and 24h (P<0.01). AG490 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of the cells(P<0.01), and depressed the mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2, CyclinD1 and VEGF (P<0.01). The effects of AG490 (0, 20, 40, 80μmol/L) were  in a concentration-dependent way. There were no significant differences between 48h and 24h (P>0.05). Conclusion  IL-6 promotes the gene transcription and expressions of Bcl-2, CyclinD1 and VEGF by promoting the phosphorylation of STAT3, and then enhances the proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone regulates the phosphorylation of hepatic AMPKα Thr 172 instead of Ser 173

WANG Qi1,2, YU Chunxiao3, GAO Ling1, ZHAO Jiajun3, CAO Mingfeng3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  22-27.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.611

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Objective  To explore the effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on the multisite phosphorylation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α subunit,  and to  reveal the possible mechanism of TSH-regulated AMPKα activity in the liver. Methods  ① In the HepG2 cells stimulated with or without TSH, and the TSH receptor knockout (Tshr-ko) mice and their littermate mice, the expressions of hepatic AMPKα mRNA, total AMPKα protein, phosphorylation of AMPKα Thr 172, AMPKα Ser 173 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) Ser 79 were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. ② With AICAR (AMPK activator), H89 (PKA inhibitor) or TSH stimulation, AMPKα and ACC phosphorylation were tested in liver cells. Results  Compared to the control group, TSH decreased phosphorylation of AMPKα Thr 172 (P<0.05) in cells, but AMPKα phosphorylation at Ser 173, as well as total AMPKα protein expression, showed no significant change (P>0.05). Compared to WT mice, the expressions of AMPKα mRNA and total protein remained unchanged in Tshr-ko mouse liver. The phosphorylation of AMPKα Thr 172 (P<0.05) and ACC Ser 79 (P<0.01) increased while AMPKα phosphorylation at Ser 173 had no significant difference (P>0.05). AICAR and H89 increased phosphorylation of AMPKα Thr 172 and ACC Ser 79. When H89 was employed, the TSH-induced decrease of AMPKα Thr 172 phosphorylation was partly reversed. Conclusion  TSH regulates the phosphorylation of hepatic AMPKα Thr 172 instead of Ser 173 by acting on thyrotropin receptor.

H3K27 dimethylation changes during BMDLSCs differentiation into hepatocytes from rats in vitro

LI Guanhong1, WANG Wei1, LI Jiye1, A Sileng2, PAN Runhua1, LIAO Caixian1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  28-32.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.051

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Objective  To explore the changes of H3K27 dimethylation during the differentiation of bone marrow-derived liver stem cells (BMDLSC) into hepatocytes from rats in vitro and to investigate the relationship between them. Methods  BMDLSCs collected were isolated from rat bone marrow using a magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Purified BMDLSCs were induced into hepatocytes in vitro. The expressions of albumin (ALB) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) were detected dynamically by RT-PCR. The changes of histone H3K27 dimethylation were measured by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining on day 0, 7, and 14. Results  The expression of ALB gradually increased when BMDLSCs were induced in vitro, while AFP expression firstly rose and later fell. H3K27 from fresh BMDLSCs showed no significant methylation at first, but on day 7 after differentiation, the level of H3K27 dimethylation significantly increased and further rose on day 14.  Conclusion  The level of dimethylation shows a gradual increase during the differentiation of BMDLSCs. H3K27 dimethylation may regulate the differentiation of BMDLSC into hepatocytes.

A femoral osteoporotic nonunion model established with an adjustable external fixator in rats

LIU Jinwei1, LIU Haichun1, WU Wenliang1, CHEN Liang2, LI Shangzhi1, CAO Cong1, CHEN Yunzhen1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  33-36.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.024

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Objective  To establish a reliable model to study osteoporotic nonunion. Methods  A total of 60 female rats were randomly divided into experimental group (n=45) and control group (n=15). The ovary of rats in the experimental group were resected, while equal volume of fat tissues around the ovary of rats in the control group were resected. After 12 weeks, 10 rats in either group were killed. Histochemical staining, serological indicator and mechanical strength of femur were used to identify the osteoporotic models. Then osteoectomy was operated in the other rats of the experimental group, with external fixators maintaining a 6mm critical defect. The model of osteoporotic nonunion was identified by histochemical staining and imaging observations. Results  Compared with the control group, mechanical strength of the femur had obviously decreased and NTX in the serum increased in the experimental group (P<0.05). The Results   of radiography and histology showed that the ends had been sealed by the woven bone, and connective tissues filled up the gap 12 weeks after osteoectomy. The external fixators were stable and could maintain the ends in the same horizontal plane.  Conclusion  The adjustable external fixator is stable enough to build a reliable animal model of the osteoporotic nonunion.

Inhibitory effect and its mechanism of emodin on the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cell line

XU Liangzhi1, CHEN Kunlun2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  37-40.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.726

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Objective  To explore the inhibitory effect of emodin on the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells SOSP9607 and the related mechanisms. Methods  Human osteosarcoma cells SOSP9607 were divided randomly into control group and treatment groups (emodin: 25, 50 and 100μmol/L). The growth inhibition ratio (IR) of emodin on osteosarcoma cells was detetced with MTT assay. The apoptosis was analyzed with flow cytometry. The changes of expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were tested with Western blotting. Results  All of the cells in the treatment groups were obviously inhibited compared to those in control group, which was dose-dependent. Compared with control group, the apoptosis ratio of treatment group increased. Western blotting showed that the expressions of caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein increased in treatment group compared to control group, while the expression of p-ERK1/2 protein decreased. Conclusion  Emodin could inhibit the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cell by suppressing ERK signaling pathway and activating caspase-3 and caspase-9.

Immediate effects of different components of meals with the same energy on the plasma GLP-1, insulin and blood glucose in the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients

LIU Fangfang1, CHENG Zhenqian2, GAO Ning3, CHEN Shaohua1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  41-45.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.772

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Objective  To investigate the immediate effects of different components meals with the same energy on  the plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin (INS) and blood glucose (BG) in the newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients. Methods  A total of 52 patients matched in the age, sex and body mass index (BMI) were randomly divided into four groups and were given meals mainly consisted of glucose powder, steamed buns, protein and butter with the same energy, respectively. And they were defined as glucose powder group, steamed buns group, protein group and butter group with 13 patients in each group. The plasma GLP-1, INS and BG levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, electrochemical luminescence method and glucose oxidase method respectively before meal intake and at 1, 2, 3 h after meal intake. Results  There was no significant difference among the fasting plasma GLP-1, INS and BG levels in the four groups. The GLP-1, INS and BG levels in the glucose powder group and steamed buns group were higher than those in other groups at different time(P<0.05). The INS and BG levels in the glucose powder group were higher than that in the steamed buns group at 2h (P<0.05). The GLP-1 level in the steamed buns group was higher than that in the glucose powder group at 1h after meal intake(P<0.05), and both of them reached to the peak. The GLP-1 levels were significant different in the four groups at 2h, and that in the protein group was the highest (P<0.05).  Conclusion  The carbohydrates may promote the secretion of GLP-1 prior to protein and lipid. High carbohydrate food may promote the secretion of GLP-1 superior to pure sugar food. On the other hand, the high protein food has the most significant effect on stimulating the secretion of GLP-1.

Predictive value of diabetic retinopathy to brain damage in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus#br#

TONG Jia1, ZHANG Zhengjun2, SUN Xinhai3, GENG Houfa2, SUN Lin2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  46-50.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.593

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Objective  To investigate the brain damage in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods  Twenty-seven type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with retinopathy (DM group) and twenty-four healthy controls (HC group) were selected. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were performed on all the participants. Regions of interest (ROIs) were located in the left frontal white matter, left lenticular nucleus, and left optic radiation. N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), Choline (Cho)/creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (MI)/Cr, and NAA/Cho ratios and ADC values of all the ROIs were obtained. Results  In the frontal white matter, NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios were lower in the DM group than in the HC group (P<0.05). In the lenticular nucleus, NAA/Cr ratios were lower in the DM group than in the HC group (P<0.05). In the optic radiation, NAA/Cho ratios in the DM group were decreased, while MI/Cr values were increased compared with those in the HC group (P<0.05). In the DM group,  NAA/Cr ratios in the frontal white matter were negatively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels (r=-0.652,  P<0.05). In the optic radiation,  MI/Cr ratios were positively correlated with Cho/Cr values (r=0.520, P<0.05) in the DM group. ADC values in the DM group were significantly higher than those in the HC group (P<0.05). Conclusion  Patients with DR are accompanied with early brain injury and clinicians should take measures to prevent the occurrence of severe cerebrovascular diseases.

Association between vitamin D receptor gene ApaI polymorphism and impaired glucose tolerance

HOU Lijun1, XING Lijian2, LI Guanghong1, LIU Yan3, QI Wenbo4

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  51-54.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.096

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Objective  To investigate the association between vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene ApaI polymorphism and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and blood serum 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-VD3). Methods  VDR genotype in 105 cases of IGT(IGT group) and 105 normal controls(NC group) was detected with PCR-RLFP; serum 25-OH-VD3 was tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA); relevant clinical and biochemical indexes were also examined. The alleles frequencies and genotype frequencies of VDR ApaI gene were compared between the two groups, and serum 25-OH-VD3 and other indexes were compared between different genotypes. Results  Compared with controls, subjects with IGT had a markedly lower level of serum 25-OH-VD3 (22.05±2.37 vs 32.04±2.64), P<0.05. Level of serum 25-OH-VD3 lower than 30ng/mL accounted for 63.8% of all cases. There was significant difference in the distribution of VDR genotype frequencies and alleles frequencies between the two groups (P<0.05). The prevalence of VDR gene genotype frequencies and alleles frequencies in IGT was significantly different from the controls. Serum 25-OH-VD3 was higher in VDR genotype AA and Aa groups than in genotype aa groups (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), BMI, age, VDR gene ApaI presented a positive correlation with IGT, while 25-OH-VD3 exhibited a negative correlation with IGT. Conclusion  Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent. Allele a of VDR may be a genetic marker susceptible to IGT. Serum 25-OH-VD3 is associated with VDR gene polymorphism.

Dynamic changes of serum TRAb concentration after 131I treatment of Graves’ disease and its association with early hypothyroidism

WANG Fuying1, LIU Xiaomeng2, DONG Qingyu2, LIANG Cuige2, DU Wenhua2, WANG Yueli2, LI Wenxia2, GAO Guanqi2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  55-57.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.658

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Objective  To observe the change of serum thyrophin receptor antibody (TRAb) in patients with Graves’ disease (GD) after 131I radiotherapy, and to investigate its association with early hypothyroidism. Methods  A total of 240 patients with GD were divided into two groups: early hypothyroidism group (n=134), and non-early hypothyroidism group (n=106), according to the occurrence of early hypothyroidism after treatment. Serum concentration of TRAb was measured by radioreceptor assay before, 3, 6 and 12 months after 131I radiotherapy. Results  In both groups, serum TRAb titer increased at the 3rd month, reached the highest level at the 6th month, and returned to the baseline level at the 12th month. The TRAb titer of early hypothyroidism group was higher than that of non-early hypothyroidism group at the 6th month, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (F=13.967, P<0.01). Conclusion  The dynamic change of serum TRAb before and after 131I radiotherapy is closely related to the occurrence of early hypothyroidism, and plays an important role in the prognosis after 131I treatment of GD.

Serum cortisol alterations after acute traumatic brain injury emergency operation

ZHU Xide

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  58-61.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2012.856

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Objective  To investigate the alterations of serum cortisol (COR), corticosteroid-binding-globulin (CBG) and free cortisol (FC) after acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) emergency operation, and to find out the influence of emergency craniotomy to COR. Methods  All patients were randomly selected, 29 of which were treated conservatively (conservative group) and 26 were treated surgically (surgical group). COR and CBG were measured; FC was calculated from COR and CBG. COR levels were compared between conservative and surgical groups, and between preoperation and postoperation in surgical group. Results  After acute TBI, the preoperation COR level in surgical group was higher than that in conservative group (P＜0.05); in surgical group, COR level decreased after operation (P＜0.05); COR was of the same level between two groups after treatment (P＞0.05). FC levels were relatively stable in different conditions (P＞0.05). Conclusion  Following acute TBI, emergency operation can alleviate stress reaction to keep the stability of neuroendocrine. Bio-active FC preserves relatively stable in perioperative period to maintain normal physiological function.

Quality of life after laparoscopic surgery for cervical cancer patients

ZHANG Yanliang1, ZHUANG Zirong2, ZHU Lin1, LIANG Tingting1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  62-66.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.088

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Objective  To evaluate the quality of life of patients with cervical cancer treated by  laparoscopic surgery.  Methods  Data of 25 patients with cervical cancer treated by laparoscopic surgery during Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Two types of questionnaires, EORTC QLQ-C 30 and QLQ-OV 28, were employed in the study.  Results  The average overall health scores and quality of life after the surgery were high. The symptoms most commonly implicated were fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite and menopausal symptoms. Except for role functioning,  cognitive functioning, insomnia, fatigue, overall health and general quality of life and sexual function, quality of life was not correlated with age, duration of follow-up and FIGO stage.  Conclusion  Patients with cervical cancer treated by laparoscopy have good overall quality of life, except that sexual function is most affected in the majority of patients.

Expression and clinical significance of sperm-associated antigen 9 in patients with cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

ZHANG Lu, YAN Lei, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Xiaohui, LI Mingjiang, ZHAO Xingbo

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  67-71.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.062

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Objective  To investigate the clinical significance of sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) in cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients. Methods  The expressions of SPAG9 mRNA and protein were evaluated in cervical carcinoma (cervical carcinoma group, n=40), CIN (CIN group, n=35) and normal cervical tissues (the control group, n=20) by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blotting. SPAG9 concentrations in serum samples from 10 healthy women, 20 women with hysteromyoma, 40 women with CIN, 40 women with cervical carcinoma, and 20 postoperative cervical carcinoma patients were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).  Results  ① The expression of SPAG9 was gradually increased in the control group, CIN group and cervical carcinomas group (all P<0.05); ② A significant difference has been found between cervical carcinoma group and the control group by RT-PCR and Western blotting (P<0.05); ③ SPAG9 serum concentrations in cervical carcinoma patients was significantly higher than those in the CIN and hysteromyoma patients and the healthy women (P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant decrease of SPAG9 level was detected after operation. Conclusion  SPAG9 is positively expressed in cervical carcinoma and CIN. A high humoral response against SPAG9 suggests its key role in early detection, clinical diagnosis and postoperative monitoring of cervical carcinoma and CIN patients.

Prospective cohort observation of patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B treated by Adefovir dipivoxil and Interferon-α

LIU Tongyan1, ZHANG Longyue2, LI Yuerong3, SUN Jingli2, HAN Zenglu3, LI Zhiquan1, ZHANG Lixin1, WANG Lei1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  72-78.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.058

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Objective  To explore the efficacy, safety, compliance and correlation factors of domestic adefovir dipivoxil (AD) and interferonα-2b (IFNα-2b) in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) for 48 weeks. Methods  A total of 68 patients who were screened from hepatitis B prevention and treatment comprehensive demonstration zones in Shandong Province were enrolled in this prospective open cohort study, randomly receiving antiviral treatment with IFNα-2b (33 cases) and ADV (35 cases). The biochemical, virological, serological response, toxicity and compliance were observed and correlation factors analysis was investigated after 48 weeks. Results  At the 48th week, normalization rates of ALT in IFNα-2b and ADV groups were 24.2% and 85.7% (ITT analysis), 57.1% and 88.2% (PP analysis); HBV DNA undetectable rates were 24.2% and 88.6% (ITT analysis),57.1% and 91.2% (PP analysis); normalization rate of ALT and HBV DNA undetectable rates in ADV group were higher than those in IFNα-2b group (P<0.05). The rates of HBeAg loss were 12.1% and 31.4% (ITT analysis), 28.6% and 32.4% (PP analysis); HBeAg seroconversion rates were 6.1% and 2.9% (ITT analysis), 14.3% and 2.9% (PP analysis); the differences had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). The toxicity of IFNα-2b group was common. The drop-out rates of IFNα-2b and ADV were 18.2% and 2.9%(P=0.044). Univariate analysis found that HBV DNA undetection in the two groups was associated with baseline AST and no factors were related to HBeAg loss. Multi-factor analysis showed that ADV and baseline AST level were predictive factors for HBV DNA undetection, and the independent predictive factor of HBeAg loss was ADV.  Conclusion  Both domestic ADV and IFNα-2b can treat chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients effectively, while the efficacy, safety and compliance of domestic ADV is inferior to IFNα-2b.

Diagnostic value of aspartate beta-hydroxylase combined with AFP and GP73 for hepatocellular carcinoma

ZHANG Jizong1,2, MENG Jiuda2, DING Hai2, YI Yongxiang2, YU Zeqian3, ZHOU Jiahua3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  78-80.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.754

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Objective  To investigate the diagnostic value of combined detection of serum aspartic acid asparaginebeta hydroxylase (Aspartate Beta-Hydroxylase ASPH), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and Golgi glycoprotein 73 (GP73) in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods  The serum AFP, GP73 and ASPH were detected in 50 cases of primary liver cancer, 50 cases of liver cirrhosis and 50 healthy controls to analyze the significance of ASPH combined with AFP and GP73 in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Results  In liver cirrhosis group and healthy control group, AFP, GP73 and ASPH were significantly lower than in primary liver cancer group (P<0.05); the sensitivity of AFP, GP73 and ASPH detected alone in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma were 76.00%, 86.00% and 80.00%, respectively; the specificity were 88.00%, 98.00% and 86.00%, respectively; the accuracy was 82.00%, 92.00%, and 87.00% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of GP73 were the highest. Combined detection of AFP, GP73 and ASPH yielded the following Results  : sensitivity (96.00%), specificity (98.00%), accuracy (97.00%), which were higher than parame-ters obtained when AFP, GP73 and ASPH were detected alone. Conclusion  Combined detection of AFP, GP73 and ASPH can improve the diagnosis rate of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and early primary liver cancer.

A preliminary study on the characterization of benign or malignant portal vein thrombosis with spectral CT

JIANG Shu1, JIANG Zhaofu2, WANG Xinyi1, YANG Zhiqiang1, ZHANG Jingjian1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  81-84.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.073

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Objective  To investigate the application value of spectral CT in the differential diagnosis of  benign and malignant portal vein thrombosis. Methods  The spectral CT images of 58 cases of hepatic carcinoma complicated with portal venous emboli were retrospectively analyzed. Single energy CT value (40～140Kev) of primary hepatic tumors and portal venous emboli were calculated. The datasets were divided into portal tumor thrombus group (n=32) and portal vein thrombosis group (n=26) and then compared.  Results  Single energy CT value in the primary hepatic carcinoma and portal tumor thrombus group was similar (P>0.05), but there was significant difference between primary hepatic carcinoma and portal vein thrombosis (P<0.05).  Conclusion  The spectral CT as a new and non-invasive method can improve the diagnostic efficiency of portal venous emboli.

Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy performed both by intravariceal and paravariceal injection for esophageal variceal hemorrhage#br#

WU Shanbin, XU Hongwei, LIU Hui, LI Bin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  85-89.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.013

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Objective  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) performed both by intravariceal and paravariceal injection for esophageal variceal hemorrhage. Methods  One hundred and one patients with esophageal variceal hemorrhage had received the sclerotherapy. According to different treatment Methods  , they were divided into combined injection group and intravariceal injection group. The combined injection group underwent EIS both by intravariceal and paravariceal injection, while the intravariceal injection group underwent EIS only by intravariceal injection. The clinical effect between the two groups was evaluated after two years follow-up. Results  No significant difference was found between the two groups in bleeding control (100.00% vs 96.88%), early re-bleeding rate (6.12% vs 11.54%), varices elimination (81.63% vs 78.85%), survival rate in two years (81.63% vs 76.92%) and complications(all P>0.05). But the late re-bleeding rate of the combined injection group was remarkably lower than that of the intravariceal injection group (14.28% vs 30.77%, P<0.05). No serious complications such as esophageal perforation, ARDS and ectopic embolism were observed in the two groups. Conclusion  EIS is effective and safe for esophageal variceal hemorrhage. EIS performed by combination of intravariceal and paravariceal injection can decrease the late re-bleeding rate remarkably.

Factors influencing the miss rate of colorectal polyps in a back-to-back high-quality colonoscopy examination#br#

SI Zhiwen, LI Guangchun, WU Honglei, GUO Jianqiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  90-93.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.771

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Objective  To explore the miss rate of colorectal polyps and the relevant factors in back-to-back high-quality colonoscopy. Methods  Under the premise of limiting withdrawal time, intestinal preparation and successful rate of appendix intubation, patients were given a second colonoscopy after conventional colonoscopy. Size (diameter), location, shape and pathological type of colorectal polyps were recorded. Results   of the two tests were collected to calculate the misdiagnosis rate of colon polyps. The relationship between the obtained data and relevant factors was analyzed.  Results  A total of 462 polyps were found in 164 patients by continuous colonoscopy, the total miss rate being 17.7%. There was obvious correlation between miss rate and size (χ2=25.055, P<0.001), location (χ2=15.134, P=0.010) and shape (χ2=22.901, P<0.001) of polyps. Multi-factor statistical analysis of the relevant factors showed that polyp size was the protective factor of missed diagnosis. The larger the polyp was, the smaller the miss rate was. Compared with polyps with diameter ≤5mm, polyps with diameter 6~10mm had (OR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.22-0.65), and polyps with diameter >10mm had (OR: 0.10, 95%CI: 0.02-0.43). Compared with the rectum, sigmoid colon, transverse colon and ascending colon had significantly increased miss rate. The miss rate was markedly higher in sessile polyps (OR: 4.77, 95%CI: 2.34-9.72) than in pedunculated polyps. The pathological type was not correlated to miss rate. Conclusion  Patients with colorectal polyps risk a certain degree of miss rate during continuous colonoscopy. Miss rate is associated with size, location, and shape but not with the pathological type of polyps.

Effects of malocclusion on the psychological status of adults

ZENG Jing1, ZHENG Dehua2, WANG Xuxia2,3, ZHAO Shuya2, XU Chao2, ZHANG Jun2,3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  94-97.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.126

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Objective  To investigate the effect of malocclusion on the psychological status of adults. Methods  A total of 91 adult patients with malocclusion were selected, and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was employed to evaluate their mental health status before orthodontic treatment. Psychological status of 70 adult patients (non-malocclusion patients) in Stomatology Hospital of Shandong University was also assessed with SCL-90. Results  Patients with malocclusion scored significantly higher than the control group on factors of interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety and schizophrenia (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between male and female patients (P>0.05). 57.14% of malocclusion patients had at least one factor scored 2 or over, and 6.59% of them had at least one factor scored more than 3, which meant that 57.14% of malocclusion patients had mild psychological problem and 6.59% had moderate or severe psychological problem. Conclusion  Malocclusion can not only cause disorder of stomatognathic function and facial defects, but also do harm to the mental health of adults. It is very important for orthodontists to value such patients’ mental problem, and provide necessary psychological rehabilitation at appropriate time.

Association of IL-18 and MCP-1 gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis

ZHENG Jiatian, ZHU Kai, SUN Hongsheng, FU Min, PAN Zhenglun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  98-104.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.006

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Objective  To explore the association of interleukin-18(IL-18) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods  The retrieval strategy and criteria for inclusion and exclusion were formulated, with which the following databases were searched, including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, WanFang Database, China Biology Medical Literature Database (CBM) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from Jan. 1990 to Sept. 2013, to identify relevant papers addressing IL-18 or MCP-1 polymorphisms and risk of RA association without language preference. Combined OR values and 95%CI were calculated with Review Manager 5.0. Results  A total of 16 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis, 12 of which (3527 cases and 3161 controls) were on IL-18-607A/C polymorphism, and 4 (1460 cases and 1303 controls) were on MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism. Statistical analysis showed that IL-18-607CC genotype was associated with RA (OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.02-1.58). After literatures which did not conform with Hardy-Weinberg (HWE) were ruled out and stratified by race, it revealed that IL-18-607C allele was associated with RA in Asian population (OR=1.33, 95%CI=1.01-1.76). There was no significant association between MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism and RA. Conclusion  This meta-analysis indicates that the IL-18-607A/C polymorphism is a risk factor for RA, while there is no clear evidence to support the association between MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism and risk of RA.

Correlation between PAI-1 gene polymorphism and sepsis in severely burned patients

WU Xuetian, WANG Kun, SUN Shudong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  105-107.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2013.557

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Objective  To study the correlation between burn sepsis and 4G/5G polymorphism within the promoter region of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene in severely burned patients. Methods  A total of 142 patients with burn area larger than 30% of the total body surface area were collected. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 82 patients with sepsis (the sepsis group) and 60 patients without sepsis (the control group). 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene was determined by using allele sepcial polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) test. PAI-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).  Results  The carrier frequency of 4G/4G genotype and the 4G allele frequency in the sepsis group were 43% and 62% respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, PAI-1 concentrations in the sepsis group were significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with the 5G/5G genotype, PAI-1 concentrations were significantly higher in the 4G/4G genotype (P<0.05). Conclusion  The 4G/5G polymorphism within the promoter region of  PAI-1 gene may be associated with the susceptibility of burn sepsis, and 4G/4G genotype may be the genetic risk factors of burn sepsis. The PAI-1 concentrations in serum are raised in patients with burn sepsis.

Survey on microorganisms used in food industry

ZHOU Rui1, ZOU Jianhong2, BAI Yao1, LI Fengqin1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2014, 52(6):  108-112.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2014.176

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Objective  To investigate  the microorganisms used in food industry and to provide scientific basis for food microbial management in China. Methods  Questionnaires were distributed to collect information. Results  Information on 137 strains of microorganisms was collected from enterprises and the Food Industry Association. Of all strains, 116 (84.67%) were provided by 6 institutions with certificate for strain preservation, and the other 21 (15.33%) were collected from foreign-owned enterprises, universities and domestic enterprises. A total of 122 strains (89.05%) were used for the production of plant-based foods, and 15 (10.95%) were for the production of foods from animal origin. These 137 strains involved with 42 species of 17 genuses. In addition, 97 strains (70.80%) has been used in food production since 1980, 17 (12.41%) between 1980 and 2000, 19 (13.87%) after 2000, and 4 strains had unknown history of use. Conclusion  The types, sources, application and management of microorganisms used in food industry in China are generally normative. Still, some microorganisms are used without any permission or safety evaluation. Inspection on the genetic characteristics and toxigenicity of strains should be strengthened.