重度哮喘的生物与细胞疗法研究进展

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0144

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 哮喘是一种高度异质性疾病,多种效应细胞与细胞因子参与其发生发展。对于重度哮喘,传统的高剂量吸入性糖皮质激素治疗通常难以控制症状,患者可表现为持续的气流受限与症状恶化,伴随生存质量下降及医疗负担增加。目前,靶向阻断效应细胞或细胞因子的生物制剂作为附加疗法为重度哮喘患者提供了新的选择。近年来也有研究开创性地将新型细胞疗法,如干细胞疗法或嵌合抗原受体T(chimeric antigen receptor T, CAR-T)细胞疗法应用于重度哮喘的治疗。本文将对治疗重度哮喘的生物制剂以及目前作为潜在治疗策略的新型细胞疗法的研究进展进行综述,阐述目前具有应用前景的生物疗法及其作用机制、疗效和安全性等,并在此基础上,从长期疗效和安全性、精准医疗、患者可及性、跨学科合作等方面展望生物疗法与细胞疗法作为重度哮喘治疗策略的未来发展趋势。

关键词: 重度哮喘, 生物疗法, 细胞疗法, 单克隆抗体, 干细胞疗法, CAR-T细胞疗法

Abstract: Asthma is a highly heterogeneous disease with multiple effector cells and cytokines involved in its development. In severe asthma, conventional high-dose inhaled glucocorticoid therapy is usually difficult to control symptoms, and patients may present with persistent airflow limitation and worsening symptoms, leading to decreased quality of life and increased healthcare burden. Currently, the exploration of biological therapies targeting effector cells or cytokines offers novel treatment options as add-on therapies for severe asthma. In recent years, studies have also pioneered the application of novel cellular therapies, such as stem cell therapy or chimeric antigen receptor T(CAR-T)cell therapy, to the treatment of severe asthma. In this article, we will review the research progress of biological agents for severe asthma and novel cellular therapies as potential therapeutic strategies, describe promising biological therapies and their mechanisms of action, efficacy and safety, and on the basis of which, we will look forward to the future development of biological and cellular therapies as a strategy for the treatment of severe asthma in terms of long-term efficacy and safety, precision medicine, patient accessibility, and interdisciplinary cooperation.

Key words: Severe asthma, Biological therapy, Cellular therapy, Monoclonal antibody, Stem cell therapy, CAR-T cell therapy

中图分类号:

R256.12

徐芳,田国雄,孙倍倍,陈馨怡,陈高莹,张睿琦,应颂敏,吴妙莲,张超,吴优倩. 重度哮喘的生物与细胞疗法研究进展[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(5): 35-42.

XU Fang, TIAN Guoxiong, SUN Beibei, CHEN Xinyi, CHEN Gaoying, ZHANG Ruiqi, YING Songmin, WU Miaolian, ZHANG Chao, WU Youqian. Research progress on biological and cellular therapies for severe asthma[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2024, 62(5): 35-42.

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