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Table of Content

      
    10 November 2013
    Volume 51 Issue 11
    Articles
    Articles
    Effects of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and NF-κB pathway in the rejection of cardiac allograft
    BAI Xiao1, SONG Guang-min1, WANG Wei2, ZHAO Xin1, ZHAO Hong-lei1,ZHAO Wen-jie1, ZHANG Jian1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  1-5. 
    Abstract ( 799 )   PDF (3480KB) ( 647 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the expression and significance of monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1) in cardiac transplantation rejection as well as the role of nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Methods  Heterotopic cervical heart transplantation was performed on SD rats with Wistar rats as doners by using cuff-technique. The SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 12 in each group. Rats in the acute rejection group received no treatment. Rats in the CsA group were treated with 10mg/kg cyclosporine A after transplantation, and cardiac allografts were harvested 60 to 90 days after transplantation. Rats in the immunological tolerance group were pretreated with donor splenocyte (SPC) and cyclophosphamide (CP), and then heterotopic cervical heart transplantation was performed 14 days later. Rats in the PDTC group were treated with Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) 100mg/kg every day for 15 days. The allograft myocardial fibrosis was then observed with Masson stain and the expression of MCP-1 was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results  The survival time of the cardiac allograft in acute rejection group, CsA group, immunological tolerance group and PDTC group was (6.53±2.48)d, (93.51±20.07)d, (201.42±40.36)d and (142.37±24.64)d respectively. The survival time of PDTC group was significantly longer than that of acute rejection group and CsA group (P<0.05), and the degree of myocardial fibrosis in PDTC group was much lower. The expression of MCP-1(IOD) of cardiac allograft in acute rejection group, CsA group, immunological tolerance group and PDTC group was (1.86±0.23), (1.58±0.16), (0.57±0.15) and (1.16±0.28) respectively. The IOD in immunological tolerance group was markedly lower than in the other three groups (P<0.05), and that in PDTC group was obviously lower than in acute rejection group and CsA group (P<0.05). Conclusion  The expression level of MCP-1 is positively correlated with the severity of graft rejection. As a result, the detection of MCP-1 can indicate the state of allograft. PDTC, as the inhibitor of NF-κB, can significantly relieve the rejection of cardiac allograft by inhibiting the expression of MCP-1.

    TaClo striatum stereotactic injection mediated rats’ neurobehavioral changes and cox-2 expression in substantia nigra
    CAO Wei, LIU Wei, XIN Tao, PANG Qi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  6-9. 
    Abstract ( 842 )   PDF (2097KB) ( 351 )   Save
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    Objective  To study Wistar rats’ neurobehavioral changes and cox-2 expression in substantia nigra induced by TaClo striatum stereotactic injection. Methods  Stereotactic injection technology was adopted to inject PEG dissolved TaClo to the striatum of rats. The rats of control group received the polyethylene glycol injection. At the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after the injection, two groups’ mean amount of drinking water was measured. The total time, moving distance and tracks involved in the rats’ activity of the two groups were also recorded and immunohistochemical staining. Results  PD behaviors began to appear gradually among the TaClo striatum stereotactic injected rats in the experimental group. The mean amount of drinking water was reduced. Water amount of daily drinking in the experimental group was less than that in the control group (t=4.83, P<0.05). Mean distance involved in the rats’ activity of the experimental group was obviously less than that of the control group (t=14.32, P<0.01). Mean time involved in the rats’ activity of the two groups showed no difference. Motion tracks showed that, with time going on, the rats’ activities in the experimental group became less, and the active region trended to reduce to the center area. Cox-2 expression in substantia nigra was positive in histochemical staining. Conclusion  TaClo, one metabolite of the environmental neurotoxin TCE, could lead to the neurobehavioral changes of PD. Its mechanism is to cause inflammatory reaction by cox-2 mediated substantia nigra, which induces PD.

    Protective effects and mechanism of p38MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors on NMDA-induced primary cultured cortical neurons injury in vitro
    JI En-fei1， LIU Xue-wen2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  10-15. 
    Abstract ( 713 )   PDF (2476KB) ( 265 )   Save
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    Objective  To observe the effects of MK801 and SB203580 on N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced cerebral cortical neurons injury and to explore the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p38MAPK) signaling pathway in neurons injury and its possible mechanisms. Methods  Newborn SD rat cortical neurons were cultured for 7 days, then randomly divided into the control group, NMDA injury group, MK801 intervention group, SB203580 intervention group and combined intervention group（SB203580 + MK801）． MTT assays and LDH release were employed to assess viability of primary neurons and cell membrane damage, respectively. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) double fluorescent staining was used to observe morphology and cell apoptosis. Expression of p38MAPK, BCL-2 and BAX were observed respectively by Western blotting. Results  Compared to the control group, NMDA injury group showed decreased cells viability(P＜0.01) and the expression of BCL-2(P＜0.05), increased leakage of LDH, the number of apoptotic cells and expression of p38MAPK and BAX(all P＜0.01). Compared to NMDA injury group, MK801 and SB203580 improved the cell viability, reduced LDH release rate and apoptosis, decreased the expressions of p38MAPK and BAX, and increased the expression of BCL-2(all P＜0.01). Conclusion  MK801 and SB203580 have protective effects on NMDA-induced injury neurons, and MK801 may protect the neurons from NMDA injury through p38MAPK pathway; they can inhibit the apoptosis-related proteins which are mediated by p38MAPK signaling pathway.

    Dynamic changes of mossy fiber sprouting caused by seizures in immature rats and its relationship with spontaneous recurrent seizures
    LIU Jing, LI Bao-min, SUN Ruo-peng, ZHANG Dong-qing, LI Jun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  16-20. 
    Abstract ( 791 )   PDF (24045KB) ( 198 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the changes of mossy fiber sprouting(MFS) in hippocampus of rats which suffered lithium-pilocarpine induced repeatedly seizures, and the correlation between MFS and spontaneous recurrent seizures(SRS). Methods  One hundred and ninety immature Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group(n=48), EP1 group(n=80), blank group(n=12), EP2 group(n=50). Lithium-pilocarpine was used to induce epilepsy model of rats. Rats were given intraperitoneal injections of pilocarpine on P21, P25 and P29 to induce recurrent seizures. The changes of MFS in hippocampus were examined on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 20, 30, 45 and 60 by Timm staining. Rats in EP2 group were observed every day and were subdivided into EP2-SRS and EP2-nonSRS group, then the difference in MFS was compared between the two groups. The necrosis and apoptosis of the neurons in hippocampus were observed and the neurons in CA3 and CA1 areas were counted by Nissl staining, thus the effect of SRS on the hippocampal neurons could be assessed. Results  Compared with control group, significant MFS phenomenon was detected from day 14 to day 60 after recurrent seizures in EP1 group(P<0.05). There was no difference in MFS between EP2-SRS and EP2-nonSRS groups. Compared with blank group, prominent neuron loss was observed in CA3 and CA1 regions of the rats with SRS(P<0.05). Conclusion  Recurrent seizures in immature rats can cause an increase of MFS in the hippocampus. We suggest a dissociation between SRS and MFS in the lithium-pilocarpine model of epilepsy.

    A novel method to purify adult rat Schwann cells by EDTA
    CHAI Yong-hong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  21-24. 
    Abstract ( 902 )   PDF (1586KB) ( 359 )   Save
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     Objective  To investigate the efficiency of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) to purify SD Schwann cells. Methods  Firstly, epineurium and perineurium of SD bilateral sciatic nerves were peeled off under high power microscope. Afterwards the nerves without epineurium and perineurium were digested using collagenase NB4 for 30min. Then the supernatant was discarded after centrifuge at 600g. The resuspended sciatic verve fragments were cultured in medium supplemented with nerve growth factor for 1 week to get pre-degenerated tissues. The primary Schwann cells were harvested after the digestion of pre-degenerated sciatic nerves tissues with trypsin. Sub-confluent cells were treated by EDTA-PBS for 3 minutes and observed under microscope. Then, the cell pellet was resuspended and cultured in Schwann cell medium for 2 days. The purity of the subconfluent Schwann cells treated with EDTA-PBS was demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining with P75. Results  The purity of Schwann cells was up to 99% or so after twice purification by EDTA. Conclusion  EDTA is an efficient and effective method to purify SD Schwann cells.

    Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes lung carcinoma metastasis via VEGFR1 in mouse model
    XU Xiao-ya, BI Yu-li, JIANG Man, XU Ji-ying, ZHANG Peng-fei, HAN Ming-yong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  25-29. 
    Abstract ( 788 )   PDF (2520KB) ( 242 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the mechanism by which vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes lung metastasis. Methods  VEGF levels of nine human lung carcinoma cell lines were examined with ELISA and the proliferation was tested by MTT. Two cell lines with distinctive VEGF expression and similar proliferation were subcutaneously injected to the back of SCID mice or intravenously injected by the tail vein to build the metastasis model. The volume of tumors on back of mice were measured every 3 days till sacrificed. Pulmonary metastasis and vascular density were verified by HE staining and CD31 immunofluorescence. Neutralizing antibodies specific for mouse VEGFR1 (MF1) and VEGFR2 (DC101) were administrated to verify which receptor was involved in VEGF induced  pulmonary metastases. Results  ELISA showed that VEGF levels of nine human lung carcinoma cell lines were in a range of 13.39-182.7ng/mL. A549 cell with high VEGF expression (182.7ng/mL) and SPCA1 with low VEGF expression (13.39ng/mL) were chosen to build mouse model. The proliferation of A549 and SPCA1 had no significant difference. A549 cell formed much larger tumor on the back of SCID mice than SPCA1. Angiogenesis in A549 formed tumor was significantly increased than SPCA1 formed tumor (P<0.01). In lung metastasis model, number of metastatic lesions in lung tissues found in A549 mice was 2.3 folds compared with SPCA1. After treatment with anti-mouse VEGFR1 monoclonal antibody, the total number of metastatic tumors induced by A549 decreased from 54 to 13, while anti-VEGFR2 treatment had no significant difference in metastasis numbers(P>0.05). Conclusion  VEGF secreted by lung cancer cells could promote tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis. VEGF promotes pulmonary metastasis by VEGFR1 pathways. The blockage of VEGFR1 induced metastasis may provide a novel approach for prevention and treatment of tumor metastasis.

    Regulations of rapamycin on gene expressions of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A isforms and cytochrome P450 3A4 induced by sulforaphane in human colon cancer cells
    CHEN Shuo1, WANG Min1, CHEN Jian2, QING Ying1, LIN Ying-min1, LIU Liang3, QI Ying-ying4
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  30-36. 
    Abstract ( 880 )   PDF (13358KB) ( 253 )   Save
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    Objective  To observe the regulations of rapamycin (Rapa) on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, UGT1A8, UGT1A10 and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 induced by sulforaphane (SFN) in human colon cancer Caco-2 cells and to explore the influence of Rapa on chemopreventive effect induced by SFN. Methods  Experiments were divided into control group, 10nmol/L Rapa group, 25μmol/L SFN group, and 25μmol/L SFN+10nmol/L Rapa group. The ultrastructures of Caco-2 cells were observed by transmission electron microscope. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) proteins. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was employed to examine the mRNA expression of UGT1A1, UGT1A8, UGT1A10 and CYP3A4. Immunocytochemistry was used to observe the nuclear localization of Nrf2. Results  Autophagysomes and autolysosomes could be found in the 10nmol/L Rapa, 25μmol/L SFN and 25μmol/L SFN+10nmol/L Rapa groups by transmission electron microscope. In comparison to the control group, the proteins of LC3-II and Nrf2 and the mRNA of UGT1A1, UGT1A8 and UGT1A10 were increased significantly in the 25μmol/L SFN group and 25μmol/L SFN+10nmol/L Rapa group, and 25μmol/L SFN+10nmol/L Rapa group possessed the highest level. An intense nuclear labeling of Nrf2 could also be observed in SFN-treated cells, especially in 25μmol/L SFN+10nmol/L Rapa group. CYP3A4 mRNA expression could be inhibited in the 10nmol/L Rapa, 25μmol/L SFN and 25μmol/L SFN+10nmol/L Rapa groups. Conclusion  Rapa can enhance SFN-induced autophagy, and improve SFN-induced mRNA expression of UGT1A1, UGT1A8 and UGT1A10 through the Nrf2 signaling pathway up-regulated by Rapa. There is no effect of Rapa on CYP3A4 mRNA down-regulated by SFN.

    Effects of bufalin on the proliferation and cell cycle of human pancreatic cancer CAPAN-2 cells
    LI Mei-ying1, LI Ji-sheng1, YU Xue-jun1, SUN Li-mei1, WANG Ai-jun1, LIU Qi-ji2, WANG Xiu-wen1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  37-41. 
    Abstract ( 799 )   PDF (2272KB) ( 326 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the anti-cancer role of bufalin in human pancreatic cancer CAPAN-2 cells and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods  The proliferation-inhibiting effect of bufalin on CAPAN-2 cells was measured by CCK-8 assay; the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry (FCM); the protein expression level of pro-caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, CDC25C, cyclinB1 and CDC2 were determined by Western blotting analysis. Results  Bufalin inhibited the proliferation of CAPAN-2 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner; bufalin induced G2/M phase arrest in CAPAN-2 cells but failed to induce cell apoptosis; the protein levels of CDC25C, cyclinB1 and CDC2 were dramatically down-regulated while there were no significant changes in pro-caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax protein levels. Conclusion  Bufalin could inhibit the proliferation of CAPAN-2 cells by inducing G2/M phase arrest instead of apoptosis.

    Effect of Rabdosia lophanthoides on the proliferation and apoptosis in hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2
    CHEN Yuan-hong1, ZENG Yi1, LUO Yan-hong2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  42-45. 
    Abstract ( 837 )   PDF (1385KB) ( 402 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the effect of Rabdosia lophanthoides on the proliferation and apoptosis in hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2. Methods  The effect of Rabdosia lophanthoides on the cell proliferation and cell apoptosis was detected by the MTT method and flow cytometry.The expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 protein were detected by the ELISA method. Results  After incubation with different concentrations of Rabdosia lophanthoides, the growth of hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2 was significantly inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent manner(P<0.01). After the cells were treated with 0.75g/μL Rabdosia lophanthoides for 3 and 6 h, the apoptosis was induced. The apoptosis of hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2 was significantly inhibited in a time-dependent manner. Compared with the negative control group, the cell apoptosis was induced significantly (P<0.05). After treated with 0.75g/μL Rabdosia lophanthoides for 6h, the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased, and the expression of Bax protein increased.The difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion  Rabdosia lophanthoides can inhibit cell proliferation of hepatoma carcinoma cell line HepG2 in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The mechanism might relate to inducing cell apoptosis, decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 and increasing the expression of Bax.

    Effect of nucleolin down-regulation on biological behaviors of HeLa cells in human cervical carcinoma
    LIU Hong-li, ZHANG You-zhong, Lv Chang-shuai, DING Bai-juan, WANG Jie
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  46-50. 
    Abstract ( 890 )   PDF (1962KB) ( 477 )   Save
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    Objective  To study the effect of nucleolin down-regulation on the biological behaviors of HeLa cells in human cervical carcinoma, including proliferation, apoptosis and invasion. Methods  Four groups were enrolled in the experiment, including the siN1, siN2, and siN3 groups, which targeted human nucleolin gene, and siC group, which served as negative control. The chemically synthetic siRNA was transfected to cervical neoplasm HeLa cell lines in vitro by RNAi Max transfection reagent. The expression of nucleolin mRNA was detected by real time PCR (RT-PCR), and nucleolin protein was evaluated by Western blotting, in order to select the siRNA with the highest transfection efficiency. The proliferative activity of HeLa cells was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay; the apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry (FCM) with Annexin V/PI staining; the ability of cellular invasion was tested by Transwell experiment. Results  Sequence-specific siRNAs of nucleolin down-regulated the mRNA levels of nucleolin compared with its negative control siRNA (P<0.05). The protein expression was down-regulated after transfection (P<0.05). The siRNA with the highest transfection efficiency was selected. Compared with the negative control, the proliferative cellular invasion abilities of HeLa cells in the siN2 group were inhibited significantly (P<0.05), while its apoptosis was effectively enhanced (P<0.05). Conclusion  The down-regulated expression of nucleolin mRNA and its protein is able to inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, and promote apoptosis, which indicates gene therapy may be feasible in the treatment of cervical neoplasms.

    Comparison of different detection Methods   in drug safety evaluation test
    ZHANG Cheng-mei1,2, SHI Yan-qiu1, WU Chuan-tao1, ZHAO Xiu-lan2, ZHANG Cui-li2,CHEN Jing-jing2， LI Chun-ling3， XIE Ke-qin2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  51-55. 
    Abstract ( 701 )   PDF (3201KB) ( 346 )   Save
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    Objective  To elucidate the effects of serum biochemistry, pathological detection and enzymatic histochemistry in LMWF regarding drug safety evaluation. Methods  16 Beagle dogs(8 males and 8 females)were randomly divided into 4 groups(Group Veh, Group 200mg/kg/d, Group 800mg/kg/d, and Group 3000mg/kg/d of LMWF, n=4 in each group)according to the body weight. They were fed with stomach lavaging once per day and 6 day per week for 13 weeks. Serum biochemical index were tested prior to the first LMWF treatment and after the last treatment. Liver was taken and frozen in liquid nitrogen, sectioned, stained, and carried on the enzyme histochemical detection. The liver was fixed by 4% neutral formaldehyde, paraffin-embedded, HE stained, and detected by the microscopy. Results  Compared with Veh group, no obvious deviation of serum biochemistry index appeared in LMWF treated groups  (P>0.05); no evident pathological changes was found in LMWF treated liver histomorphology by microscopy observation. Both adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase) and succinate dehydrogenase(SDH) activities detected by liver qualitative observation and quantitative analysis, significantly decreased, compared with the Veh group(P<0.05). Conclusion  LMWF 3000mg/kg/d dose could reduce ATPase and SDH activities, indicating that the liver mitochondrial function may be impacted, also shows that enzyme staining method is more sensitive than biochemical and pathological Methods.

    Structural determination of riccardin D′s metabolites in rats
    LING Xiao1,2, GUO Dong-xiao2, LOU Hong-xiang1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  56-60. 
    Abstract ( 878 )   PDF (1689KB) ( 243 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the metabolism pathway and identify the metabolites of riccardin D in vivo after oral administration in rats. Methods  Using HPLC, the metabolites were purified from rats′ bile samples after oral administration of riccardin D 40mg/kg in rats. The structures of the metabolites were identified by HPLC-MS/MS and confirmed by NMR. Results  The riccardin D′s metabolites were the conjugates with glucuronate and were identified as a mixture of two atropisomers. Conclusion  The riccardin D′s main metabolism pathway in vivo is phase Ⅱ metabolism and the metabolites are the conjugate with glucuronate.

    Resistance and genotyping of producing CTX-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase Escherichia coli isolates
    PAN Mei1, LI Wen1, WANG Jing-nan1, ZHANG Miao1, LIU Quan1, CHEN Shan2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  61-65. 
    Abstract ( 984 )   PDF (1172KB) ( 450 )   Save
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    Objective  To detect the genotypes and resistance of producing CTX-M type extended-spectrum β-lactamase E.coli isolates. Methods  ESBLs was confirmed with phenotypic confirmatory test; blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-1, -2, -8, -9, -25 genotypes were detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR); MIC was determined with broth dilution method. Results  Of the 83 Escherichia coli isolates, 45 were ESBLs-producing strains, and 44 produced CTX-M-type ESBLs. Of these 44 isolates, 12 produced blaCTX-M-1, 29 produced blaCTX-M-9 and 3 produced both blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9. The blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8 and blaCTX-M -25 genotypes were not detected. No imipenem-resistant strains were found. All 44 strains showed resistance to cefazolin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone. The drug resistance rates of CTX-M-1 strain to ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, levofloxacin and gentamicin were 91.6%, 91.6%, 100%, 100% and 83.3%. The drug resistance rates of CTX-M-9 strain to ceftazidime, cefepime, aztreonam, levofloxacin and gentamicin were 44.8%, 41.4%, 55.2%, 89.7% and 58.6%. There was significant difference between the two rates concerning ceftazidime, cefepime, and aztreonam (P＜0.05). Conclusion  The blaCTX-M is the major genotype producing ESBLs, in which blaCTX-M-9 is dominant. CTX-M-9 strains are more sensitive to ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam than CTX-M-1 strains.

    Research on the relationship between diabetes mellitus and in-situ saphenous vein disease
    ZHANG Xu-ping, ZHANG Dong, LI Zi, LIU Lu-qi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  66-70. 
    Abstract ( 913 )   PDF (1994KB) ( 318 )   Save
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    Objective  To confirm that diabetes has an influence on in-situ saphenous vein, and to explore the effects of TNFAIP8 and TIPE2 on in-situ saphenous vein of diabetes mellitus. Methods  The residual fresh great saphenous veins specimen were gotten from the patients during CABG surgery, which were divided into experimental group (with type 2 diabetes mellitus, DG) and control group (without type 2 diabetes mellitus, NG). Each specimen was 5 cm long for further experiments as follows: vascular physical properties, biological stability, microscopic structure and expression, distribution of inflammatory proteins. Results  Physical properties of vessels: water content: NG＞DG(P＞0.05); vascular heat shrink temperature: NG＞DG(P＜0.05); vascular rupture strength:NG＞DG(P＜0.01); vascular biology stability index:  NG＞DG(P＜0.01); elastic fiber content(RE):NG＞ DG(P＜0.05);  collagenous fiber content(RC): DG＞NG(P＜0.05); tube-wall stiffness (C/E):  DG＞NG(P＜0.01); connective tissue stroma′s volume density in circular smooth muscle (CC/MC): DG＞NG(P＜0.01); TNFAIP8 and TIPE2: DG＞NG. Conclusion  The diabetes mellitus has an influence on in-situ saphenous vein, while the TNFAIP8 and TIPE2 have an influence on in-situ saphenous vein of diabetes mellitus.

    Detection of soluble Fas in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis
    LIANG Ji-ye1,2, WANG Cui-lan1, DENG Xiao-mei1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  71-73. 
    Abstract ( 759 )   PDF (953KB) ( 390 )   Save
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    Objective  To assess the role of Fas/FasL in the mechanism of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) through soluble FAS (sFas) content in cerebral spinal fluid samples from patients with HSE and explore the association between sFas level and the severity of sustained brain damage. Methods  Fifty-nine patients with encephalitis were divided into the HSE group and non-HSE group, and 10 healthy individuals served as the control group. The HSE group was subdivided into drowsiness group and coma group according to the state of consciousness at admission by the Glasgow coma level scale. With reference to the outcome  at discharge, these patients were subdivided into mild-moderate neurological syndrome group and severe neurological syndrome or dead group. ELISA was used to detect the sFas content in cerebrospinal fluid; t test was used to compare the sFas levels of each group at the onset of disease; linear regression coefficient was adopted to observe changes of sFas in the HSE group. Results  HSE patients had significantly higher level of sFas compared to non-HSE patients (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in the sFas levels during the first 7 days of neurological symptoms in HSE patients (P=0.40). Patients with severe neurological syndrome revealed higher regression coefficient compared to patients with mild or moderate neurological outcome (P=0.008). Conclusion  The apoptosis through the Fas/FasL pathway played an important role in the process of HSE. The dynamics of sFas level stated throughout the course of the disease could be an index for the diagnosis and prognosis of HSE.

    Quantitative evaluation of brain metabolic changes in patients with acute cerebral infarction and type 2 diabetes mellitus using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    ZHANG Min1, GENG Hou-fa2, SUN Lin2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  74-77. 
    Abstract ( 712 )   PDF (1208KB) ( 321 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate the possible cerebral metabolic changes in the infarcted side and contralateral side in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute cerebral infarction using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods  24 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute cerebral infarction (DMCI group), 23 patients with acute cerebral infarction (CI group) and 26 healthy controls (HC group) were scanned with a 1.5-T MRI/MRS imager. The levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho) and lactate (Lac) were detected and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and Lac/Cr were calculated. Results  Cerebral NAA/Cr ratio in the infarcted side of CI group and DMCI group was lower than that in the HC group. There was a significant decrease in NAA/Cr ratio in the infarcted side of the DMCI group as compared to CI group. Cerebral NAA/Cr ratio in the infarcted side was lower than that in the contralateral side of the DMCI group, and NAA/Cr ratio in the contralateral side of the DMCI group tended to be lower than that in the HC group. Lac/Cr ratio in the DMCI group and CI group increased in the infarcted side compared to that in the HC group, and the Lac/Cr rataio in the infarcted side of DMCI group was higher than that in the CI group. HbA1c and FBG levels were negatively correlated with NAA/Cr ratio in the DMCI group. Conclusion  Type 2 diabetes may be associated with serious neuron damage in cerebral infarction, and it may cause cerebral damage in the white matter before the occurrence of infarction. 1H-MRS is useful in exploring the pathophysiologic mechanism of diabetes mellitus complicated with acute cerebral infarction.

    Expression of PAPP-A in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and placental tissue and umbilical artery S/D in preeclampsia
    LIU Ying1, ZHAN Xin-feng2, ZHEN Jun-hui3, MA Dao-xin4, LUO Xia1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  78-81. 
    Abstract ( 801 )   PDF (1643KB) ( 540 )   Save
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    Objective  To determine the maternal, umbilical cord serum alterations and placental pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in preeclampsia (PE) and healthy pregnancies to assess if there is association between maternal and umbilical cord serum PAPP-A levels and umbilical artery systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio in preeclampsia. Methods  52 pregnant women with PE were divided into early-onset group (n=30, onset time ≤ 32 gestational weeks) and late-onset group (n=22, onset time > 32 gestational weeks). 28 healthy pregnant women were included as control 1 (n=14, gestational age ≤ 32 weeks) and control 2 (n=14, gestational age > 32 weeks). Doppler velocimetry of umbilical artery systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio was obtained in all fetuses. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the maternal and umbilical cord serum level of PAPP-A. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect placental PAPP-A expression. Results  ① The maternal serum PAPP-A in early-onset and late-onset PE groups was significantly higher than that in control 1 and control 2 (P<0.05), and it was higher in the early-onset PE group than that in the late-onset PE group (P<0.05). The umbilical serum PAPP-A in early-onset and late-onset PE groups was significantly higher than that in control 2 (P<0.05). ② The placental PAPP-A in early-onset PE group was significantly higher than that in late-onset PE group and control 2 (P>0.05). ③ The umbilical artery S/D ratio in early-onset and late-onset PE groups was significantly higher than that in control 1 and control 2 (P<0.05), and it′s higher in early-onset PE group than that in late-onset group (P<0.05). ④ The maternal serum PAPP-A was positively correlated with  umbilical artery S/D in early-onset PE group (P<0.05). Conclusion  Maternal serum PAPP-A level and umbilical artery S/D ratio are elevated in early-onset PE pregnancies. There is a positive correlation between maternal PAPP-A and umbilical artery S/D ratio in early-onset PE, indicating a possible connection with prognosis of early-onset preeclampsia.

    Surgical treatment for atlantoaxial dislocation combined with craniovertebral junction region malformation(8 cases report)
    SONG Tao， XIN Tao， ZHANG Zhen， FAN Hai-tao， GUO Hua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  82-84. 
    Abstract ( 1088 )   PDF (1312KB) ( 389 )   Save
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    Objective  To evaluate the outcome of posterior screw-rod fixation system in surgical treatment of 8 cases of atlantoaxial dislocation combined with craniovertebral junction region malformation.  Methods  A retrospective study was performed in 8 patients (5 men and 3 women; aged 21-62 years; mean, 39 years)  with atlantoaxial dislocation combined with craniovertebral junction region malformation from January 2010 to May 2013. The Screw rod system produced from Johnson & Johnson company was used in all of the patients. 4 patients underwent C2 pedicle screw fixation on both sides, 3 patients underwent C2 pedicle screw fixation combined with C3 lateral mass on both sides， and1 patient underwent C2 pedicle screw fixation on the right side， C3 lateral mass on the left side， and C4 pedicle screw fixation on both sides. The X-ray and CT scan were performed to evaluate the effect of odontoid restoration by comparing the CL, ADI and CMA. Results  The 8 patients were followed up for 2-40 months, and all of them showed improved restoration of odontoid. Only 1 patient suffered from dysphagia after the surgery, who was cured after symptomatic treatment. Conclusion  Posterior screw-rod fixation system is effective to treat the patients with atlantoaxial dislocation combined with craniovertebral junction region malformation.

    Expression of microRNA-150 in colorectal carcinoma and its clinical significance
    FAN Zhi-bin1， YU Wei-fang2, ZHANG Li-jing1， LIU Bo1， WU Chen-peng3，ZHANG Xue-ming4， ZHAO Zeng-ren1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  85-89. 
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    Objective  To study the expression of microRNA-150(miR-150) in colon cancer cell lines and colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues, and evaluate its clinicopathological significance. Methods  miR-150 was examined in eight colon cancer cell lines, 45 CRC tissues and their matched normal tissues by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The relationships between miR-150 and clinicopathological information were analyzed. Results  Expression of miR-150 in eight colon cancer cell lines was lower than normal tissues. Moreover, miR-150 expression in tumor tissues was much lower than their matched normal tissues (P<0.05). Low miR-150 level was strongly associated with the differentiated degree (P<0.05) and pathological type (P<0.01). Conclusion  miR-150 is down-regulated not only in colon cancer cell lines but in tumor tissues, and its low expression is associated with the differentiation and pathological type. miR-150 might play a role in the course of CRC diagnosis and treatment.

    Relativities of stigma in schizophrenia with social support and consciousness of social face
    XU Yun-lu1, XU Cheng-min2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  90-92. 
    Abstract ( 964 )   PDF (944KB) ( 502 )   Save
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    Objective  To explore the relationship between the stigma in schizophrenia and social support， consciousness of social face． Methods  255 schizophrenic patients including 98 males and 157 females in Shandong Mental Health Center were investigated by the Scale of Stigma in People with Mental Illness, the Social Support Rating Scale and the Consciousness of Social Face Scale. Results  The score of the Scale of Stigma in People with Mental Illness was 34.63±17.23．The score of the stigma in the married patients was lower than that in the unmarried or divorced patients(P<0.05)． The stigma was negatively correlated to social support(P<0.01)， subjective support(P<0.05)， Objective   support (P<0.01) and utility of support(P<0.05), and positively correlated to the total score of Consciousness of Social Face Scale(P<0.01) and the fear of losing face(P<0.01).  Conclusion  The schizophrenic patients suffer from stigma，particularly for those with poor marital status．The stigma is correlated to social support and the consciousness of social face. The schizophrenic patients need more concerns so as to diminish discrimination and bias against them. We should help them to handle the problem of face and promote their general rehabilitation correctly.

    High-normal blood pressure epidemiological survey and analysis of influencing factors of the county authorities crowd in Shandong
    FAN Xiao-yan1, YANG Chuan-hua2, LU Feng2, ZHANG Zhen-wei3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  93-97. 
    Abstract ( 778 )   PDF (932KB) ( 335 )   Save
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    Objective  To investigate and analyze the epidemiological situation and risk factors of high-normal blood pressure among people working in the government organizations and institutes in Pingyuan County of Dezhou City in Shandong Province,  and to lay a solid foundation for the prevention and control of hypertension in county communities.  Methods  Cross-sectional survey method was applied to analyze high-normal blood pressure epidemiological characteristics through questionnaires and physical examination, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the influencing factors. Results  The detection rate of high-normal blood pressure was 27.3%, and the standard rate was 27.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors of high-normal blood pressure included family history of hypertension, age, body mass index, high-salt diet and a history of dyslipidemia, while the protective factors for women were regular sleep and exercise. Univariate analysis indicated that smoking and drinking were the risk factors for high-normal blood pressure. Conclusion  The detection rate of high-normal blood pressure in the surveyed area is similar to the national average. Hypertension is associated with multiple risk factors. Effective measures should be taken to prevent people with high-normal blood pressure to develop hypertension.

    Association of dietary patterns with measurement index of healthy women in Jinan
    SUN Ya-wen1, GAO You-mei1, TANG Fang2, XUE Fu-zhong1, ZhANG Cheng-qi2, YU Hong-xia1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  98-101. 
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    Objective  To explore association of dietary patterns with BMI and waist circumference in healthy women in Jinan. Methods  We selected 595 healthy women, who had a physical examination in the medical examination center of one hospital in Jinan from December 2010 to April 2011. Data of diet survey, height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were collected. Then multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of dietary patterns with the BMI, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio. Results  Abnormal detection rates of BMI, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were 32.4%, 36.64% and 30.42% respectively, and the ratios increased along with age. Six dietary patterns were identified in this population: traditional pattern, oil and salt pattern, fruits and milk pattern, vegetarian pattern, snacks pattern and alcohol pattern. After adjustment for age, the oil and salt pattern showed positive correlation with BMI and waist circumference. Conclusion  Dietary patterns of women in Jinan are diverse. Oil and salt dietary pattern can increase BMI and waist circumference obviously.

    Statistical inference for detecting gene-gene interaction on multiple quantitative  traits based on partial least squares path model
    LI Fang-yu, YUAN Zhong-shang, ZHANG Xiao-shuai, XUE Fu-zhong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2013, 51(11):  102-106. 
    Abstract ( 1017 )   PDF (1416KB) ( 264 )   Save
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    Objective  To infer gene-gene interaction on multiple quantitative traits using partial least squares path model (PLSPM).  Methods   Simulation was used to evaluate the stability and power of the PLSPM-based statistic, which was further applied to identify the interaction between FTO gene and NEGR1 gene on related multiple quantitative traits in one real dataset. Results  The proposed PLSPM-based statistic was stable and its power increased with the increasing of sample size and interaction effect. The interaction of gene regions FTO (Chr16:52390317.. 52391106) and NEGR1 (Chr1:71707640.. 71709688) for correlated multiple quantitative traits showed statistical significance (P=0039). Conclusion  The proposed PLSPM-based statistic is powerful to detect gene-gene interaction for multiple quantitative traits.

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