Table of Content

  

10 August 2011
Volume 49 Issue 8

Articles


Articles

Relationship between serum cystatin C, high sensitivity C-reactive  protein and retinopathy in the patients with  type 2 diabetes

ZHANG Na,ZHOU Kehua,WANG Xia,REN Jianmin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  1-4. 

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Objective    To analyze the features of type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR), and to explore the relationship between serum cystatin C ( Cys-C ), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and retinopathy in the patients with type 2 diabetes. Method    325 cases of type 2 diabetes patients were recruited to perform fundus examination and fundus fluorescence angiography. Based on the findings, 5 groups were establised according to 2002 international classification standard, incluidng no obvious retinopathy (group 1), mild nonproliferating diabetic retinopathy (group 2), moderately non-proliferating diabetic retinopathy (group 3), severe nonproliferating diabetic retinopathy ( group 4), and proliferating diabetic retinopathy (group 5). Clinical courses were monitered, while glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), hs-CRP, Cys-C, 24-hour urinary albumin quantitative (24hUAE) were determined. Results     In all the cases,  total DR prevalence accounted for about 47 percent; Compared with the group 1, clinical courses, HbA1c, hs-CRP, Cys-C, 24h-UAE in the other four groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), at the order from group 2 to 5 (P<0.05); Multiple regression analysis showed that Cys-C, hs-CRP were the independent risk factors for DR prevalence rate and the severity of DR, and were positively correlated with the duration of type 2 diabetes, the sicken HbA1c and 24h-UAE, respectively. Conclusions     The DR and the severity are closely related with Cys-C and hs-CRP.  Cys-C, hs-CRP may serve as the biological indicators to predict the occurrence and development of DR.

Effect of metformin and hydration therapy on contrast-induced  nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

LI Yaojing, WANG Jing, LI Li, GAO Yanyan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  5. 

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 Objective    To evaluate the influence of hydration therapy on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using metformin during angiograph.  Methods    Sixty patients with T2DM were enrolled when they received iodine angiograph in the radiology department. According to using metformin or not, they were divided into the metformin group (n=30), and the non-metformin group (n=30) .With hydration therapy, all patients drank an extra 1000mL water based on the daily water quantity 6 hours after angiograph. Levels of indicators such as creatinine(Cr), total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL) and uric acid(UA) were measured 3, 7 and 30 days before and after angiograph, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated.  Results     The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) was 3.33% in the metformin group and 6.67% in the non-metformin group. The levels of Cr and GFR had no significant changes after angiograph within each group, and between the two groups (P<0.05). 3 days after angiograph, the levels of TC and LDL in the metformin group and TC in the non-metformin group significantly declined (P<0.05). 7 days after angiograph, the levels of UA and LDL in the metformin group significantly declined (P<0.05).  Conclusion     With hydration therapy and renal function monitoring, using metformin during iodine angiograph is relatively safe for patients with T2DM.

The plasma chemerin  level is related to vasculopathy of lower extremities  in type 2 diabetes mellitus

ZHANG Ying1， WANG Qian1， HOU Weikai1， ZHANG Li2， XU Hua1， ZHU Lei2,YU Shan1， LIU Qian1， HUANG Qingxian1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  9-12. 

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Objective     To investigate the levels of chemerin in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)， and evaluate the relationship between chemerin and the T2DM patients with vasculopathy of lower extremities． Methods     Eighty T2DM patients and twenty healthy volunteers were selected as subjects，and the patients were further divided into four groups according to the degree of vasculopathy of lower extremities, including  T2DM without vasculopathy (DM0 group), T2DM with vascular intima thickening(DM1 group), T2DM with vascular intima cirrhosis (DM2 group), and T2DM with vascular intima stenosis (DM3 group)． The plasma chemerin were measured by ELISA，and the relationship between the plasma chemerin and BMI， FTA%， HbA1c， HOMAinsulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) was analyzed． Results       The plasma chemerin of the patients were significantly higher than that of the control group(P＜0．05)， especially in the groups with vasculopathy of lower extremities． Correlation analysis showed that the levels of plasma chemerin were positively correlated to BMI(r=0．792)，FAT%(r=0．717)， HbA1c (r=0．418)，  and HOMA-IR(r=0．684), respectively(P<0．01)． Conclusion      The plasma-chemerin-in the T2DM  patients are increased， and the levels may be attributed to the development of vasculopathy of lower extremities．

Correlation between type 2 diabetes associated diarrhea and changes of enteric nervous system

WANG Qian1, ZHANG Ying1, HOU Wei-Kai1, ZHANG Li2, XU Hua3, WANG Peng4， YU Shan1, LIU Qian1, HUANG Qing-Xian1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  13. 

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 Objective     To investigate the correlation between type 2 diabetes associated diarrhea and changes of enteric nervous system. Methods     Fourteen patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent colonoscopy for diarrhea symptoms were chosen as the diabetic diarrhea group, ten non-diabetic patients with normal colons underwent colonoscopy for other reasons were elected as the control group. Intestinal mucosa nerve plexus ultrastructural changes were observed by an electric microscope, and structural changes of bowel nerve plexus were observed by using neuron specific protein gene product 9.5(PGP9.5) immunohistochemical method. Results      The colonic mucosa in the diabetic diarrhea group had some changes, such as cavitation of the nerve fiber bundle neuraxial cavity, low density in the cytoplasmic matrix of Schwann cells, and thickening of the membrane of unmyelinated nerve fibers. There was no significant change in the control group. After nerve fibers of the colonic mucosa were marked by PGP9.5， average percentage of the PGP9.5positive area in the epithelium and interstitium of the mucosal plexus in the diabetic diarrhea group was significantly larger than that in the control group ［(4.13±1.12)% vs (2.18±1.01)%，P<0.01］. Conclusion      Type 2 diabetes associated diarrhea may be related to ultrastructural changes of mucosa plexus. The decrease of nerve fibers in submucosal plexus may be involved in the process of diarrhea symptoms in type 2 diabetes.

Effects of Tongxinluo on the expressions of RAGE and NF-κB in diabetic rats

YIN Mei1, GAO Haiqing1, LI Baoying1, CHENG Mei1, WU Shoucai1, WANG Hao2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  16-20. 

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Objective     To investigate the effects of Tongxinluo on the expressions of RAGE and NF-κB in diabetic rats. Methods      15 rats were chosen randomly from 60 healthy male Wistar rats as the normal control group(C group, n=15). The other 45 rats were subjected to 0.1% STZ through the tail veins to induce diabetes. Then 40 rats were randomly divided into two groups: the diabetic model group (DM group, n=20) and the Tongxinluo-treatment diabetic group (TXL group, n=20, Tongxinluo 500mg/(kg·d)). After 24 weeks,there were 12 rats in C group,9 ones in DM group and 13 ones in TXL group.All rats were sacrificed, and the fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and AGEs were determined. Myocardial expressions of RAGE and NF-κB were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results     Compared with C group, Plasma AGEs and myocardial expressions of RAGE and NF-κB were higer in DM group(P<0.05). As for AGEs,there was no significant difference between DM group and TXL group(P>0.05), however, the myocardial expressions of RAGE and NF-κB of TXL group were both lower than those of DM group(P<0.05).  Conclusion     Tongxinluo may exert protective effects on myocardium by suppressing the expressions of RAGE and NF-κB in diabetic rats.

Expression and significance of Galectin-9 in murine with viral myocarditis 

SUN Shijing, HAN Bo, CHEN Yongfen， LU Kang, XI Junfang， SUN Jin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  21. 

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Objective     To detect the level of plasma Galectin-9 and the expression of Galectin-9 mRNA in the myocardium of viral myocarditis mice at different phases and explore its potential role in the occurrence and development of viral myocarditis. Methods     Fifty eight BALB/c male mice (5 to 6 weeks) were randomly divided into coxsackievirus B3(CVB3) group(n=50) and control group(n=8).The mice in CVB3 group were inoculated with 0.10mL TCID50 10-5/L coxsackievirus B3, Eight mice in CVB3 group were sacrificed on day 7, 10, 14 and 28 after the inoculation. The mice in control group were inoculated with 0.10mL Eagle reagent, and the mice were sacrificed on the day 28. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to detect the level of serum Galectin9. With the hearts extracted, the histopathologic changes were observed by light microscope and the myocardial histopathology scores were calculated. The expression of Galectin9 mRNA of myocardium was determined by the realtime quantitive polymerase chain reaction(RQPCR)method. Result     The level of plasma Galectin-9 elevated significantly on day 7、10 and day 14(P＜0.01). The expression of Galectin-9 mRNA in the myocardium increased significantly on the 7th day and 10th day(P＜0.01). The level of plasma Galectin-9 and the expression of Galectin-9 mRNA were positivly correlaed with the myocardial pathologic scores(r=0.75, 0.74; P＜0.05). The level of plasma Galectin-9 in CVB3 group were positivlycorrelaed with the expression of Galectin-9 mRNA(r=0.71； P＜0.05). Conclusion     The expression of Galectin-9 in the viral myocarditis mice elevated significantly,which were   positively correlated with the severity of myocardium. It may play certain role in the occurrence and development of viral myocarditis.

Effects of astragaloside Ⅳ on the proliferation of astrocytes after cerebral ischemia-re perfusion injury in rats

XU Liang, CHEN Chunfu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  26-30. 

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Objective      To investigate the effect of astragaloside Ⅳ(AST) on the proliferation of astrocytes after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(IR) injury in rats. Methods       All SD rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group, the IR group and AST treatment groups (10, 40 and 100mg/kg). Treatment groups were injected with AST 30 minutes before operation. The middle cerebral arterial ischemia/reperfusion (IR) rat model was established by a modified Longa occlusion method. Expression level of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) was observed in core and penumbral areas by the immunohistochemical technique.  Results     Compared to the sham operation group, expression of GFAP was obviously increased in the IR group (P＜0.01). Compared with the IR group, expression of GFAP in the penumbra area diminished in AST 40 and 100 mg/kg groups (P＜0.05). Expression level of GFAP in the core area insignificantly changed  (P＞0.05). Compared with the AST 10mg/kg group, expression of GFAP in the penumbra area diminished in the AST 40mg/kg group (P＜0.05). Conclusion       AST can protect the ischemic brain tissue by inhibiting proliferation of astrocytes in the penumbra area after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion(IR) injury.

Effect of mesenchymal stem cells implantation on experimental  impairment caused by pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats

ZHANG Zhaohua1, WANG Yibiao1, LUAN Yun2, SU Hong1, MA Yu1, LIN Mei1, SUN Ruopeng3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  31. 

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Objective     To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transp1antation on the model of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and observe the survived and transformed MSCs in PAH after 3weeks. Methods      MSCs were isolated, cultured from bone marrow of SD rats, and stained with CMDiI fluoresence dye in vitro. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10): MSCs group, nontreatment group (PAH group) and control group. PAH model was induced by subcutaneous injection of MCT in MSCs and PAH groups, the rats of control group were injected with normal saline instead of MCT. One week after the MCT administration, MSCs were injected through ranine vein into the rats in MSCs group. At the same time, the rats in PAH and control groups were injected with low-glucose DMEM. Three weeks after the injection, the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell survival and transformation were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and the elevation of RV systolic pressure (RVSP) were evaluated. Result     Immunofluorescence and histochemical results confirmed that transplanted MSCs were still alive after 3 weeks, and parts of them appeared to differentiate into pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Compared with PAH group, RV hypertrophy and RVSP weresignificantly decreased. Conclusion      Intravenous implantation of MSCs can significantly reduce or even reverse the progression of MCTinduced pulmonary arterial hypertension to improve the cardiac function and hemodynamics. The mechanism may be attributed to the paracrine effects.

Activation of p38MAPK in pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure  rats and intervention effect of pregabalin

LIU Xuewen1, ZHU Jinli2, TIAN Buxian1, LI Xidong1, CAI Aimin1, HAN Kun1, ZHANG Xuejie1, LI Qiu shi1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  35-40. 

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Objective      To explore activation of the p38MAPK signal pathway in pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)induced seizure rats, and explore the intervention effect and mechanism of pregabalin(PBG), an inhibitor for γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA) receptors. Methods     38 adult SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: the control group, the PTZ group and three doses of PBG-pretreated groups. After treatment with corresponding reagents, behavior, electrocorticogram and neuronal ultrastructural changes in the hippocampus were observed. Expression of p38MAPK in the hippoacampus of rats was determined by means of immunohistochemistry. Results       Grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ of seizure was detected in the PTZ group, while grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ of seizure in PBG-pretreated groups (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, expression of p38MAPK was increased in the PTZ group (P<0.01), while it was decreased in PBG-pretreated groups compared with the PTZ group (P<0.05). Among PBG-pretreated groups, grade of seizure and expression of p38MAPK were lower in high and medium dose groups compared with the low dose group. Conclusions      Expression of p38MAPK is significantly increased in the hippocampus of PTZ-induced seizure rats. PBG has a protective effect on PTZ-induced seizure rats by depressing expression of p38MAPK.

Dopaminergic neuron apoptosis induced by 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-carboline (TaClo) in vitro and its mechanism

DU Xinrui1， XIN Tao1， TENG Liangzhu1， BING Guoying2, PANG Qi1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  41. 

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Objective     To study the toxic effect and its mechanisms of TaClo on rat dopaminergic neurons. Methods      Primary neuron-enriched and mesencephalic cultures were exposed to five different doses of TaClo (50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000μmol/L) for 72 hours. Potential neurotoxicity was detected in morphology and by TH staining. Caspase3 was detected by Western blot after exposure to two different doses of TaClo (50 and 200μmol/L)  for 1 hour and 24 hours. Results     TaClo induced dopaminergic neuronal loss. TaClo induced 40% of neuronal loss at 50μmol/L, and about 90% at 200μmol/L(P<0.01, P<0.001). Under the same experimental condition, TaClo induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in a dose-dependent manner from 50μmol/L to 200μmol/L(P<0.001). Within one hour and twenty-four hours challenged with TaClo, cleaved caspase-3 was both increased in TaClo groups (50 and 200μmol/L), and activity of caspase-3 seemed to be increased in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion     TaClo induces dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis. The mechanism is that caspase-3 is activated by TaClo stimuli in dopaminergic neurons.

Chitosan-collagen biomaterial promotes the growth of  neural fibers of the sciatic nerve

XU Xudong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  45-47. 

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Objective      To detect the role of chitosan-collagen in the growth of neural fibers, and compare regeneration of injured sciatic nerves in conduits of chitosan-collagen and silicone. Methods       The technique of freeze drying was employed to produce the material conduit of chitosan and collagen. Animal models were established by cutting off sciatic nerves in Wistar rats, and the injured nerves were bridged by either chitosan-collagen or silicone conduits. 7 weeks and 15 weeks after surgery, morphological and electrophysiological examinations were used to detect the growth of fibers. Results      At 7 weeks after surgery, few fibers were detected and the spike potentials were weak in both groups. At 15 weeks after surgery, myelination in the chitosan-collagen group was better than that in the silicone group. Also, the spike potential value was higher than that in the controls. Conclusion       Chitosan-collagen material promotes the growth of neural fibers.

Effect of endogenous NO on expression of HDAC4 in a  hepatocellular carcinoma model of nude mice

XU Nuo, JIANG Junmei， FENG Shanshan, WANG Guanhua, MENG Mei, YIN Xiaoyan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  48-51. 

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Objective      To investigate the effect of endogenous NO on expression of histone deacetylase 4(HDAC4) in a hepatocellular carcinoma model of nude mice, and to explore a new antitumor idea. Methods      Expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and HDAC4 were detected by immunohistochemistry in the control group, the 5FU group and the 5-FU+L-Arg group in the established hepatocellular carcinoma model of nude mice. Results      Expression of iNOS in the control group, the 5-FU group and the 5-FU+L-Arg group was increased in turn, while expression of HDAC4 was depressed. Differences between the two groups were significant(P＜0.05）. Expressions of iNOS and HDAC4 in the 5-FU group and 5-FU+L-Arg group had a significant correlation.(P＜0.05）. Conclusion      Endogenous NO down-regulates expression of HDAC4, which is a key regulator of multiple HDAC functions. The new relationship between endogenous NO and HDAC4 provides a new idea for antitumor study.

In vitro study of the correlation between inhibited ubiquitin proteasome  activity and endoplasmic reticulum stress in alcoholic liver disease

GUAN Hui， LIU Huimin， JIA Xiaoqing， LUO Zheng， YAN Ming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  52-56. 

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Objective      To study the potential correlation between inhibited proteasome activity and occurrence and development of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) in alcoholic liver disease(ALD). Methods      HepG2 cells were treated  with  ethanol to establish an in vitro model of ALD, and then treated with betulinic acid or with both ethanol and betulinic acid. The mRNA expression of glucose regulation protein 78 (GRP78), a ERS marker, was detected. Also, proteasome activity and intracellular triglyceride(TG) content in different groups were detected. Results      Ethanol inhibited activity of proteasome, with increases of GRP78 mRNA expression and intracellular TG content. Betulinic acid promoted the proteasome activity with reductions of GRP78 mRNA level and TG content. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relativity between proteasome activity and expression of GRP78 mRNA. While the GRP78 mRNA level and intracellular TG content had a positive relativity. Conclusion      Ethanol can inhibit proteasome activity, thus inducing ERS, while betulinic acid can promote proteasome activity, thus reducing ERS. The proteasome activity and ERS have some negative relativity, and the latter aggravates pathogenesis of ALD.

Transfection of the AQP5 gene mediated by  a novel cational carrier PEI in vitro

Liu Yang, Wang Yuelan, Song Xiumei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  57-61. 

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 Objective     To investigate the effect of a new cationic carrier polyethylenimine (PEI) on transfection of the aquaporin 5 (AQP5) gene into A549 cells in vitro. Methods      According to different N/P ratios (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25), the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1 was mixed with the green fluorescent protein(GFP) and PEI to make a transfection complex, using lipofectamine2000 as a positive control. Transfection efficiency was detected by flow cytometry for optimizing the optimal N/P ratio.  Fulllength AQP5 cDNA were cloned into the pEGFP-N1 vector to construct pEGFP-N-AQP5, which was then transfected into A549 cells. Expression of AQP5 in transfected cells was detected using PCR and Western blot. Results      Flow cytometry revealed the GFP emitting. When the N/P ratio was 15, the PEI/pEGFP-N1 complex achieved the highest transfection efficiency of 89.72%, close to 91.44% when delivered by liposomes. Compared with the control group, AQP5 gene and protein expressions were significantly increased after successful transfection of pEGFP-N-AQP5 into A549 by application of the PEI and lipofectamine2000 complex. Conclusion      pEGFP-N-AQP5 can be successfully transfected into A549 cells mediated by the novel cationic carrier PEI.

In vitro reconstruction of tissue-engineered human corneal stroma

ZHAO Wenzhuo, FAN Tingjun, HU Xiuzhong, NIU Ying

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  62. 

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Based on the recent achievements on seeder cells and scaffold carriers, in vitro reconstruction of human corneal stroma through tissue engineering, the existing problems and resolving ways during the researches are reviewed.

Effect of pressure on expressions of ELAM-1, MMP-2,MMP-3 and  TIMP-2 in porcine trabecular meshwork cells cultured in vitro

ZHU Yuguang, WANG Jie, FAN Xiaojun, ZHU Yan, ZHONG Yingying, DU Xiaonan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  67. 

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Objective      To investigate the effect of pressure on expressions of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1(ELAM-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-3 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2(TIMP-2) in porcine trabecular cells cultured in vitro.  Methods     Porcine trabecular cells were cultured, passaged and identified. The third passage generation trabecular cells were treated under pressure of 20, 40, 60 and 80mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg) in the treatment group to establish a cell-level glaucoma model, while no pressure(0mmHg) was given to the control group. Immunocytochemical staining was used to observe expression of ELAM-1 after 6 hours’culture, and expressions of MMP-2, MMP-3 and TIMP-2 after 24 hours’culture. Staining results were statistically analyzed. Results    The cultured cells were identitied as porcine trabecular cells. Expression of ELAM-1 was not detectd in trabecular cells of the control group,while expressions of MMP-2, MMP-3 and TIMP-2 were observed in small quantity. When pressure was 40, 60 or 80mmHg, expression of ELAM-1 significantly increased compared with the 0mmHg group and 20mmHg group. When pressure was 40 or 60mmHg, expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 significantly increased compared with the 0mmHg group, 20mmHg group and 80mmHg group. Expression of MMP-3 had no significant variation. Conclusion     A rise of pressure can induce an increase in expressions of ELAM-1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in cultured porcine trabecular cells, causes unbalance of MMPs/TIMPs, affects metabolism of extracellularmatrix(ECM) and increasesaqueous outflow. Expressions of ELAM-1 and MMPs may contribute to pathogenesis of glaucoma.

TGF-β1-related model peptides isolated from a phage  display 12-mer peptide library

LIU Zhenzhong1, JIANG Duyin1,2, CAI Jinglong3, ZONG Xianlei3, ZHANG Jixun1, SHAN Fei1,2, WANG Wenting1,2, WANG Wei1,2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  70-73. 

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Objective      To harvest TGF-β1 model peptides from a phage display 12-mer peptide library. Methods      A phage display 12-mer peptide library was screened 4 times by the monoclonal anti-human TGF-β1. Monoclonal phages were randomly selected by ELISA. DNA extracted from phages with better binding activity was sequenced and analyzed. Results      After 4 times of screening, abundant specific phage model peptides were harvested. The results of ELISA showed that some phage model peptides had a fine binding activity. A total of 10 sequences related to promoting or inhibiting fibroblast cell proliferation were recognized. Conclusion      TGF-β1-related phage model peptides can be harvested from a phage display 12-mer peptide library, and some phage model peptides may inhibit keloid fibroblast proliferation.

Effect of matrix metalloproteinase-7 on immunogenicity of porcine acellular dermal matrix

JIANG Jinzhu1， WU Yan2， LU Qing1， JIA Jun1, SHAO Yang1， SONG Guodong1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  74. 

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Objective     To investigate the feasibility of matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) reducing immunogenicity in xenogenic(porcine) acellular dermal matrix(Xeno-ADM)， which contains only dermal reticular layer， and its effect on dermal scaffold structures．  Methods      33 pieces of porcine dermal reticular layer， 0.5-0.6mm in thickness， obtained by using a mechanical method，were randomly divided into group A(normal controls), group B(decellularized by Dispase II and TritonX-100) and group C(treated with MMP-7 after decellularization)(n=11 in each group)． The samples were observed by HE staining，immunohistochemical staining(vimentin， laminin and collagen Ⅳ) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Quantities of cells， cell debris and hair， semiquantities of laminin and collagen Ⅳ， along with changes of the dermal scaffold structure were evaluated．  Results     HE staining， vimentin immunohistochemical staining and SEM revealed that some hair and epithelial root sheath with intact cells were observed in hair follicles ingroup B but not in group C. Some fragments which seemed to be cell nuclei or cell debris were observed in previous areas of blood vessels in group B，but they obviously decreased in group C．Semi-quantitative analysis of immunohistochemical staining showed that contents of laminin and collagen Ⅳ in group B were significantly lower than in group A(P＜0.01)，while obviously higher than in group C(P＜0.01)，in which they were almost cleared off．SEM and HE staining also showed that there was no obvious difference in the array of collagen fibers among the three groups. The interspace of collagenous fiber bundles or collagenous fibers in group B was larger than that in group A，while smaller than that in group C. In addition， no obvious fracture or degradation was observed in groups B and C．  Conclusions      After treatment with MMP-7， high immunogenic components of Xeno-ADMs produced by the porcine dermal reticular layer are significantly cleared away. Also， the dermal scaffold structure is kept, along with relatively larger interspace of collagenous fiber bundles or collagenous fibers． Therefore， MMP7 preliminarily shows good prospects in the preparation of lower immunogenic XenoADMs．

Correlation between low contrast visual acuity and optic disc parameters measured with HRT-Ⅱin the aged  population with primary glaucoma

LI Ying1， WANG Min1, LIU Mei2, JIN Chuanhong1， WU Xinyi2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  79-83. 

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Objective      To investigate changes of low contrast visual acuity and its correlation with temporal optic disc parameters of the neuroretinal rim measured with Heidelberg retinatomography(HRT-Ⅱ) in the aged population with primary glaucoma. Methods      83 eyes from 45 patients with primary glaucoma and 40 eyes from 23 healthy subjects were examined with HRT-Ⅱ for optic disc parameters of the rim area(RA) and rim volume(RV) .Their corrected visual acuity at 100％, 25％, 10% and 5％ contrast levels in bright background were measured with a multifunctional visual acuity analyzer. According to the mean defect (MD) of visual field, glaucomatous patients were divided into the early glaucoma group(21 cases, 40 eyes) and the moderate and severe glaucoma group(24 cases, 43 eyes). The corrected visual acuity at 25％, 10% and 5％ contrast levels was compared among the normal group and the two glaucomatous groups. Correlations were evaluated between the corrected visual acuity at the three low contrast levels and the temporal disc parameters of RA and RV in each glaucomatous group. Results      There were statistical differences in corrected visual acuity at 25％, 10% and 5％ contrast levels among the three groups(P<0.05). The corrected visual acuity at three low contrast levels in both the normal group and the early glaucoma group were significantly better than in themoderate and severe glaucoma group (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference between the early glaucoma group and the normal group(P>0.05). The corrected visual acuity at 10％ and 5％contrast levels in the moderate and severe glaucoma group was negatively correlated with temporal RA(r=-0.361； r=-0.318, P<0.05) and RV (r=-0.303；r=-0.377, P<0.05). Conclusions      The visual acuity at low contrast levels declines in the aged population with advanced primary glaucoma. In moderate and severe glaucomatous patients，the visual acuity at 10％ and 5％contrast levels is correlated with temporal optic disc parameters of the neuroretinal rim measured with HRT-Ⅱ. The examination of low contrast visual acuity may be an effective method for assessing the damage of glaucoma and its progression.

The COL7A1 gene mutations in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

DANG Ningning1,2, PANG Shuguang3, CHU Jingxue2, Dedee Murrell4, LI Chunyang1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  84-89. 

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Objective      To study the genotype-phenotype correlation of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa with COL7A1 mutations. Methods     14 dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa families were collected, and immunofluorescence and electron microscopy were processed from skin biopsies. Venous blood samples were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. COL7A1 was screened for sequence mutations. Results     Three dominant cases resulted from COL7A1 missense mutation. Among Hallopeau-Sieme cases, four combined two premature termination codon(PTC) mutations and three combined PTC and spice-site or glycine substitution variants. PTC and missense mutation resulted in non Hallopeau-Sieme cases in our study. Conclusion      Dominant type usually involves glycine substitutions， while the recessive type involves nonsense, splice site, internal deletions or insertions mutations.

Differential expressions of microRNAs in endometrioid  endometrial adenocarcinoma

LIANG Jing1, ZHANG Guiyu1, MA Benhong1, QIN Xuying1, LI Yue2, ZHAO Meng1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  90-95. 

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Objective         To explore differential expression of microRNA(miRNA) profile in endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma(EEC) compared with the normal endometrium and to explore the role of these miRNAs in EEC. MethodsmiRNA microarray was used to detect differential expressions of miRNAs, and real-time-PCR was used to verify the results. Then targets of these miRNAs were predicted through Web databases. Prediction analysis for microarray(PAM)was used to predict a group of miRNA biomarkers, which could be used to identify different differentiation samples of EEC. Results      18 miRNAs were obviously up-regulated and 31 obviously down-regulated in EEC. 52 genes like PTEN and FOX were predicted as targets of these differently regulated miRNAs. mir-200c and other 8 miRNAs were considered as members of the biomarker group. Conclusions      Several miRNAs and predicted targets of special research value are picked out. They provide valid evidence for further study of EEC.

Effect of the renal volume on surgical occasion for patients with  autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

XIONG Hui1, XIA Ting2， JIANG Shaobo1, XIA Qinghua1, ZHAO Yong1, JIN Xunbo1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  96-99. 

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Objective      To investigate surgical occasion of laparoscopic cyst decortication (LCD) in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD), in accordance with the renal volume. Methods       The renal volume data from 251 consecutive patients with ADPKD who underwent LCD from June 2004 to October 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into 4 groups according to the renal volume: group A, <500mL, group B, 500-1000mL, group C, 1000-1500mL and group D, >1500mL. ECT was applied to detect bilateral glomerular filtration rate(GFR) to make a comparison before and 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results      No visible changes were found in GFR before and after LCD in groups A and D(P>0.05), while an increase in GFR was found in groups B and C(P<0.01), and the increase in group B was more prominent than in group C(P<0.05). Patients in group B,C and D were relieved backache and abdominal distension after surgery while a remarkable improvement on hypertension was achieved in group D(P<0.01). Conclusions      Among patients with ADPKD undergoing LCD, the most favorable outcome and GFR improvement are found in those with a renal volume ranging from 500 to 1500mL. Surgery is temporarily dismissed for patients with a renal volume <500mL. LCD has a limited impact on recovery of renal function in patients with renal volume>1500mL while a dramatic effect on relief of complications such as abdominal oppression, pains and hypertension.

Efficacy of paliperidone extended-release tablets on improving  social function in acute patients with schizophrenia

LIU Zhenhua1, ZHENG Yunshao2, ZHANG Tianliang2, AN Luxuan1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  100-103. 

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Objective      To compare the effects of paliperidone extended-release (paliperidone ER) tablets with commonly used typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs on social function in acute patients with schizophrenia. Methods      A total of 154 patients were divided into three treatment groups: the typical antipsychotics group (“Typical Group”), the atypical antipsychotics group (“Atypical Group”)  and the paliperidone extended-release tablets group (“Paliperidone Group”). All patients were assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptoms scale (PANSS), and the  Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP) before and after each treatment regime． Results       At the end of the 4th week of treatment, the Paliperidone Group had significantly lower scores for both total and sub-factors on PANSS than the Atypical Group，and the latter had lower scores than the Typical Group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). At the ends of the 12th and 24th week of treatment，the Atypical Group and the Paliperidone Group both had significantly lower total scores and negative symptom scores than the Typical Group(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Assessed with the PSP at the ends of the 4th, 12th and 24th week, the Paliperidone Group scored significantly higher than the Atypical Group (P<0.01), and even higher than the Typical Group (P<0.05). Conclusion        Psychotic symptoms and social function can be improved with antipsychotic drugs in the acute phase of schizophrenia patients, and atypical antipsychotics, especially paliperidone ER are superior to typical antipsychotics

Relationship between the DSCR1 gene and angiogenesis in laryngopharynx cancer

Lv Chao1， PAN Xinliang1， GAO Ju2， LI Zhen2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  104. 

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Objective      To observe expression of the down syndrome candidate region 1(DSCR1) gene and its relationship with microvascular density (MVD) in laryngopharynx cancer and pericancerous tissues, and to explore the influence of the DSCR1 gene on angiogenesis in laryngopharynx cancer. Methods      94 cases of laryngopharynx squamous cell carcinoma were collected, and peri-cancerous tissues were investigated in 78 cases of them. The immunohistochemical P-V9000 method was used to determine expression of the DSCR1 gene with the rabbit DSCR1 antibody DCT3,  and vascular endothelial cells were stained to calculate MVD values with the CD34 antibody. Relationship between expression of the DSCR1 gene and MVD was statistically analyzed. Results       Positive expression rates of the DSCR1 gene were 94.9% in tumor tissues, and 35.9% in peri-cancerous tissues, and the difference was statistically significant(t=23.69, P<0.001). MVD was (17.57±10.61)bars/400 time view in laryngopharynx cancer tissues, and  (12.61±7.67) bars / 400 time view in pericancerous tissues (P＜0.05). In laryngopharynx squamous cell carcinoma tissues,  they was a positive correlation between expression of the DSCR1 gene and MVD (r=0.698, P<0.001). Conclusion      Expression of the DSCR1 gene in laryngopharynx squamous cell carcinoma is significantly increased, and it is closely related to angiogenesis in laryngopharynx cancer. DSCR1 gene can be used as a new target in gene therapy.

Increased frequency of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of patients  with lung adenocarcinoma and its clinical significance

LI Haijun, XIAO Wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  108-112. 

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 Objective     To investigate the frequency of Th17 cells and IL-17A expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and explore its clinical significance. Methods     Frequencies of Th17 cells were detected in 28 patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 42 healthy volunteers by flow cytometry. Real timePCR was used to detect levels of RORct and Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum concentrations of IL17A, TGF-β and  IL-10. And serum levels of tumor markers were detected in the Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qilu hospital of Shandong University. Results      The frequency of Th17 cells in patients with lung adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers［2.23(1.283.24)% vs 1.19(0.89-1.88)%，P=0.001］, and expressions of RORct mRNA and IL-17A were also upregulated(P<0.001, P=0.001). Expression of Foxp3 mRNA was up-regulated in patients with lung adenocarcinoma(P=0.019), accompanied by elevated serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β(P=0.014,  P=0.003). According to correlation analysis, the level of IL-17A was positively correlated with that of TGF-β(P=0.006, r=0.497), while the frequency of Th17 cells was negatively correlated with serum concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)(P=0.024, r=-0. 502). Conclusion      In the peripheral blood from patients with lung adenocarcinoma, the proportion of Th17 cells and serum concentration of IL-17A are higher than those in healthy volunteers, which may be a significant compensation for suppressed antitumor immunity.

Effects of body composition on pulmonary ventilatory function in  female adults in Jinan area

ZHANG Yuke1， MA Dedong1， XIAO Wei1， WANG Chuan2， JIANG Yuanyuan1， HE Baolong1， ZHANG Yi1， WANG Hongchao1， XU Xia1， JI Xiuli1， WANG Qin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  113-117. 

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 Objective    To explore the effects of body composition on pulmonary function in female adults in Jinan area. Methods     Pulmonary functions，  including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1.0), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1.0/FVC and peak expiratory flow (PEF) and body composition, including body fat percent (BF%)， fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI), were examined in 657 normal female adults selected by cluster sampling from 20 communities of Jinan area. Age range was 25~75 years old. The subjects were stratified by the age, BF% (normal, 15≤BF%＜25%; overweight, 25%≤BF%＜30%; obesity, BF%≥30%) and quartiles of FMI andFFMI (both were represented by Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4). The differences among the groups with same stratified variable and correlations between body composition and pulmonary function were determined byANOVA, t-test and partial correlation. Results       FEV1.0, FVC, PEF and FEV1.0/FVC decreased with the increase of BF% from normal to obesity (all p＜0.05), but, there was no significant difference for FEV1.0/FVC between the overweight and obesity groups (p＞0.05); Differences of FVC, FEV1.0 and PEF between each two groups of FMI-quartile were significant, and these parameters decreased with the increase of FMI which were Q1＞Q2＞Q3＞Q4(all p＜0.05); The comparisons of FEV1.0/FVC among different FMI-quartile groups were Q4＜Q1, Q4＜Q2, Q3＜Q1 (all p＜0.05); After the age and height were adjusted， significant correlations were found between FEV1.0， FVC， PEF， FEV1.0/FVC and BF%， FMI,  respectively (all p＜0.05) ; No significant differences between FEV1.0，FVC，FEV1.0/FVC and PEF were found among the FFMI-quartile groups (all p＞0.05). Conclusion       Increased BF% and FM may lead to the obstructive impairment of the pulmonary function to a certain degree， while FFM doesn′t show obvious effect on the pulmonary function in female adults in Jinan area.

Application  of  the endoscopic technique to cholecystolithiasis  and common duct stone

FAN Xiaojing, DUAN Shaobin, Julaiti·Aili, Yang Dongying

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  118. 

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Objective     To explore the clinical value of the endoscopic technique in treating common duct stones after laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC). Methods      Data about common duct stones in and after LC treated with endoscopic technique were reviewed and summarized. Results     Endoscopic technique successfully removed 100 common duct stones, and the total effective rate was up to 100%. Conclusion       Using endoscopic technique to remove common duct stones in and after LC, can prevent patients from undergoing operation once more, and it has the advantages of mini-trauma and quick recovery. Endoscopic technique is an important method for treating common duct stones in and after LC.

Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics of rectal  cancer between elderly and young patients

ZHANG Binbin1, CHEN Tiantian2, WANG Guochang2, L Ming3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  120. 

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Objective     To compare clinicopathological characteristics between elderly and young patients with rectal cancer in order to improve awareness and diagnosis of elderly rectal cancer. Methods      A total of 117 patients with rectal cancer treated between January 2010 and September 2010 were divided into the elderly group (>60 years old), and the young group (≤60 years old). Clinicopathological characteristics of the two groups were analyzed. Results      Elderly patients had a significant smaller ratio(32.31%) of low rectal neoplasm (distance from the anus<5cm) than young patients(54.90%) (P=0.0145).  Clinical symptoms mainly appeared from 2 weeks to 2 years before diagnosis, accounting for 87.07%.  The ratio of lymph node metastasis was markedly higher in the elderly group than in the young group (50.88% vs 29.79%, P=0.0297). Elderly patients(16.39%) were more likely to have complications than young patients(2.04%) (P=0.0214). Conclusion      Clinical symptoms last a long time before patients are diagnosed with rectal cancer. Patients should increase awareness of health to improve the early diagnosis of rectal cancer. More healthcare should be given to elderly patients before and after surgery to reduce postoperative complications. Colorectal cancer screening system should be established in China to reduce the incidence

Arterial switch for congenital heart disease in children

SUN Yonghui1, SUN Yingzhen2, WANG Anbiao1, ZOU Chengwei1, FAN Quanxin1, LI Decai1, LI Hongxin1, WANG Zhengjun1, ZHANG Qian1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  123-127. 

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 Objective     To review and sum up the clinical experience of complex congenital heart disease in children (including complete transposition of great arteries and TaussigBing heart malformation) by arterial switch operation in a single surgical group. Methods      Arterial switch operation were performed on 56 children with complex congenital heart disease, including 37 males and 19 females, whose age ranged from 6 days to 9 years old and the weight from 2.55 to 18 kg. Among them, there were 40 complete transposition of great arteries,  16 Taussig-Bing heart malformations, 15 TGA/IVS , 25 TGA/VSD, associated with 10 atrial septal defect, 32 patent ductus arteriosus  and 8 mild pulmonary valve stenosis. All cases were treated with arterial switch operation under CPB. Cold blood cardioplegia or HTK solution was used for myocardial preservation, while modified ultrafiltration was applied. Results      The CPB time and aortic clamping time were 150~259min, and 78~163min correspondingly. There were six deaths in the early time after the operation, including three cases of hemorrhage (one case due to releasing of suture of PDA ), one case died of pulmonary hypertension crisis in the twelfth hour after arterial switch operation, one case died of renal failure in the fifth day, one case died of low cardiac output syndrome in the twenty-second day, postoperative intensive care unit stay was 5~22 days, the hospital stay 14~48 days. During three months to seven years′ follow-up, one case with single coronary artery died of pneumonia and heart failure in the sixth month after discharge. Cyanosis of the remaining fortynine cases disappeared, activity increased greatly, growth and development were good and quality of life improved significantly, heart function were class I(NYHA classification). Pulmonary pressure difference of eight cases with pulmonary stenosis decreased after surgery. Conclusion     The arterial switch operation is an ideal surgical procedure for congenital heart disease in children (including complete transposition of great arteries and Taussig-Bing heart malformation) , satisfying results can be got.

Relation between C-reactive protein and coronary artery  lesions secondary to Kawasaki disease

ZHAO Li-li1, WANG Yi-biao2, SUO Lin2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  128-132. 

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Objective      To discuss the relation of C-reactive protein(CRP) and coronary artery lesions(CAL) secondary to Kawasaki disease(KD) in children. Methods      Papers and dissertations about relations of CRP and CAL secondary to KD published between January 2000 and December 2009 were retrieved from Chinese Databases. RavMan 4.2 provided by Cochrane Network was used for Meta analysis of count data. Fixed effects model was selected according to the heterogeneity test results of the literature. Sensitivity analysis was performed according to the different results. The publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots， and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. Weighted mean difference(WMD) and 95% CI was used to analyze measurement data. Results      19 studies met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis results of the count data were as follows: CRP>100mg / L［OR=2.37,95% CI=(1.49,3.77), P=0.0003］; Statistical analysis results of the measurement data were as follows: WMD=19.02, 95%, CI=(11.98,26.05), P<0.00001. Conclusion      CRP is closely related to CAL secondary to KD, and CRP>100mg /L is one of its risk factors.

Bedside surgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus in  low body weight premature infants

YANG Xueyong1, ZHOU Gengxu1, LI Qiuping2, FU Song1, LIU Yuhang1, WANG Hui1, ZHAO Xin2, FENG Zhichun3

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  133-135. 

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Objective       To discuss the experience of bedside surgical treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) by ligature or clippling for premature infants in NICU. Methods     Thirty five operations (all infants failed the conservative treatment ) from Oct 2009 to May 2011 were reviewed.  The lowest weight of infants was 720 grams. Results     In all 35 cases, no death occured during the operations.  Recurrent laryngeal nerve was injured in one case. Two cases died of postoperative respiratory failure. Conclusion      Surgical ligation of PDA, either by ligature and (or) clipping, is a good option for premature infants with PDA, especially for those medicine closure contraindicated or unsuccessful. NICU department can meet the requirement of PDA surgery.

Effect of different balanced ultrafiltration volumes on inflammatory  mediators during cardiopulmonary bypass

JIAO Qi1,2, WANG Wei3, FAN Quanxin4

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  136. 

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Objective      To explore the effect of different balanced ultrafiltration(BUF) volumes on inflammatory mediators in cardiopulmonary bypass(CBP). Methods      80 children with congenital heart disease were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group (group C ), the low ultrafiltrate volume(UFV) group［group L, UFV=30mL/(kg·h)］, the moderate UFV group ［group M, UFV=60mL/(kg·h)］, and the high UFV group ［group H, UFV=90mL/(kg·h)］. All of the groups were given modified ultrafiltration after termination of CPB. Serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were measured at the beginning and termination of CPB, and 2 and 12 hours postoperatively. Results      During CPB, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 showed increasing trends in all groups, while the trends were less significant in UFV groups than in group C. After termination of CPB, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly lower in UFV groups than in group C. Compared among UFV groups, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in group L were higher than those in groups M and H (P<0.05), while they had no statistically significant difference between groups M and H. Conclusion      UFV=60mL/(kg · h) is more reasonable for BUF strategy.

Multiple burr hole surgery in conjunction with dural inversion and  periosteum  stitching for treatment of moyamoya disease

ZHENG De-wei, WANG Zhi-gang, ZHAO Xu, LI Wei-guo, WANG Yi-hua, MENG Qing-hu, QU Chun-cheng, WANG Cheng-wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  140. 

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Objective      To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of multiple burr hole surgery in conjunction with dural inversion and periosteum  stitching in the treatment of moyamoya disease.  Method     This procedure was performed  on 19 patients with moyamoya disease: 17 cases of the ischemic-type and 2 of the hemorrhagic-type. Follow-up time was 2 to 48 months, and data were analyzed statistically.  Result      After surgery, the original TIA symptoms did not come back. For ischemic-type patients, the ischemic symptoms were relieved  For hemorrhagictype patients, no re-bleeding symptoms were found. Revascularization originating from the middle meningeal artery and the superficial temporal artery was  observed in all the 45 cranial holes  on 10 cases examined, as shown using DSA. The aneurysm in the one case disappeared.  Conclusion     The multiple burr hole surgery in conjunction with dural inversion  and periosteum stitching is a  simple, safe and effective procedure for the treatment of the  moyamoya disease.

Acetabular morphology in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip by MRI 

CHEN Shuai1， WANG Kelai1， ZHUANG Yan1， QU Hongyi2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  144. 

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Objective    To investigate pathological changes of the acetabulum by observing magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of normal and dislocated hips in children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).  Methods      12 children with DDH(8 unilateral and 4 bilateral dislocated ones) had MRI of acetabulum, and 8 normal and 16 abnormal hips were observed. Acetabular indexes of bone (BAI) and cartilage (CAI) were measured on the coronal sections, and acetabular anteversion indexes of bone (BAAV) and cartilage (CAAV)were measured on the cross sections. The data were statistically analyzed. Results      There was a correlation between BAI and CAI, and the correlation coefficient of normal hips (0.945) was larger than that of abnormal hips (0.814). Differences in BAAV and CAAV between dislocated and normal groups were significant(P<0.01), and CAAV of abnormal hips was larger than their BAAV(P<0.01). There were correlations between BAI and BAAV, as well as between CAI and CAAV, and corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.884 and 0.822, respectively. Conclusion      Pathological changes of the acetabulum in children with DDH are reflected not only in the acetabular index but also in the direction of acetabulum, and there is a correlation between these two changes. Deformity of the acetabulum is reflected in two aspectsbone and cartilage, which have different degrees of deformity. MRI can be used to evaluate deformity of the cartilage before operation, which is helpful for choosing operative methods and guiding surgery process.

Efficiency evaluation of community health services based on super-efficiency data envelopment analysis

ZHANG Zhe

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  148-152. 

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Objective     To evaluate the efficiency of the community health services of 31 provincial regions in China. Methods      The community health service efficiency was calculated with super-efficiency data envelopment analysis(SE-DEA), one of the nonparameter approaches, and the relative efficiencies of different provincial regions in 2009 were compared. Results      Non-DEA efficiencies existed in 19 regions. From the viewpoint of input-output redundancy, the community health institutions and the sickbeds were underused in 11 and 14 regions respectively, and the staffs were redundant in 3 regions. From the viewpoint of output, the inpatients and the training for health care were deficient in 2 regions. Furthermore, the children health care management rate in 15 regions and the disease prevention in 16 regions should be improved. Conclusions     As far as community health service is concerned, except for focus on facilities supply and matching, the medical service management should be strengthened, and the technology should be advanced. Besides medical services, other services, such as healthcare, disease prevention, and rehabilitation, also need to be improved.

Molecular typing of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods in  Shandong Province by PulsedField Electrophoresis

JIA Jing1, BI Zhenwang2, CHEN Yuzhen2, HOU Peibin2, ZHANG Ming2, SHAO Kun2, BI Zhenqiang1，2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  153. 

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Objective     To investigate the genetic correlation and epidemiological significance of different genotypes of Listeria monocytogenes (LM) isolated from foods in Shandong Province during 2007-2009. Methods     100 strains were genotyped by pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the images were processed by cluster analysis using computer BioNumerics software. Results     Digestion of DNA with AscⅠ yielded 10 to 15 bands. The 100 Shandong Listeria monocytogenes were subtyped into 31 PFGE types, of which the type 4 was the majority. Conclusions     In Shandong Province, LM strains were from different clones, but a number of LM strains were closely related; PFGE is a useful method in analyzing homology of LM, and it is of great significance in molecular epidemiological studies of LM.

Screening for breast diseases among 61,102 women in Shandong Province

LI Yuyang1,2, DU Jiajun2, LIU Qi2, YU Zhigang1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  157-160. 

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 Objective     To gain epidemiological data of breast diseases in Shandong Province, China. Methods     A cross-sectional study was conducted in 61,102 han females from 6 cities of Shandong Province. All subjects underwent interviews and clinical examinations, and the prevalence of different breast diseases and the constitution were detected. The prevalence change of breast cancer in Shandong in different years was analyzed. Results      14,218 women suffered from breast diseases and the prevalence was 23.27%, including 13,247 cases of breast hyperplasia (21.6%), 341 cases of breast fibroadenoma (0.56%), 147cases of mammary duct ectasia (0.24%), 98 cases of breast cancer (0.16%) and 385 cases of other breast diseases(0.63%). The standardized prevalence of breast cancer was 131.8/100,000，with a peak age of 45 to 55 years. The number of patients diagnosed with having breast cancer from 2003 to 2008 was more than 1999 to 2003. Conclusion      The prevalence of breast cancer presents an increasing and younger trend. The screen and diagnosis for breast diseases should get standardized and strengthened in rural areas.

Bioequivalence and in vivo-in vitro correlation of acetaminophen tablets

ZHU Chunyan1，2, LIU Sha2, ZHANG Zhen2, TENG Yanni2, ZHANG Dujuan2, LI Rong2, YUAN Guiyan2, WEI Chunmin2, WANG Benjie2, GUO Ruichen2

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(8):  161-164. 

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Objective    To evaluate the correlation of absorption and dissolution of acetaminophen A, B, C tablets for the quality control of acetaminophen oral preparations. Methods    An HPLC method was used to determine the concentration of acetaminophen in plasma after a single dose of acetaminophen tablets in a 3cycle crossover test, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The T50 and Td of acetaminophen tablets were obtained via dissolution test. Results     The main pharmacokinetic or dissolution parameters of acetaminophen A, B, C tablets were as follows, t1/2 as (2.41±0.51), (2.85±0.55) and (7.79±0.54)h, Tmax as (1.38±0.60), (0.98±1.00) and (0.98±0.43)h, AUC015 as (27.24±10.87), (27.64±8.01) and (26.76±0.43) μg/mL·h, AUC0∞ as (27.68±10.94), (28.36±8.16) and (7.46±7.29)μg/mL·h; T50 as (33.34±4.81), (3.33±0.38) and (2.54±0.32)min，Td  as( 41.24±4.03),(4.50 ±0.61) and(3.67±0.45)min. Conclusions    Acetaminophen A, B, C tablets from three factories with different dissolutions are bioequivalent. The dissolution and absorption are partly related.