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山东大学学报 (医学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (4): 10-18.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.1310

• 营养、肠道微生态及相关疾病 • 上一篇    

山东省高中生膳食与体质、心理健康的相关性

乔嘉睿1,尤欣语1,贾雪1,王文华1,刘少壮2,伊向仁3,王保珍1   

  1. 1. 山东大学齐鲁医学院公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系, 山东 济南 250012;2. 山东大学齐鲁医院减重与代谢外科, 山东 济南 250012;3. 山东大学体育学院, 山东 济南 250061
  • 发布日期:2025-04-08
  • 通讯作者: 王保珍. E-mail:bzhenw@sdu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东大学自主创新基金项目(HSSDB1502)

Relationship between diet and physical and mental health among senior high school students in Shandong Province, China

QIAO Jiarui1, YOU Xinyu1, JIA Xue1, WANG Wenhua1, LIU Shaozhuang2, YI Xiangren3, WANG Baozhen1   

  1. 1. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;
    2. Division of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;
    3. School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
  • Published:2025-04-08

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摘要： 目的 探讨山东省高中生膳食模式与体质、心理健康的相关性。 方法 采用概率比例抽样方法,最终纳入符合条件的高中生1 102名。高中生膳食数据通过简化的食物频率问卷收集,体质数据通过国家体质健康测试获取,心理健康数据通过症状自评量表(SCL-90)获得。采用主成分分析法构建不同的膳食模式,根据膳食模式因子得分将研究对象分为Q1-Q4组;多元线性回归分析膳食模式与体质及心理健康的关系。 结果 主成分分析得出3种主要膳食模式:饮料快餐模式、肉蛋奶-水果模式、素食模式。在体质健康方面,饮料快餐模式与体测得分显著负相关(模型1:β=-3.86~1.76,P<0.05),但在控制潜在混杂因素后,仅Q3、Q4组与体测总分保持显著关联(P<0.05)。肉蛋奶-水果模式在模型1中与体测总分正相关(β=2.21~2.27,P<0.05),但在调整混杂因素后关联不再显著(P>0.05)。素食模式与体测得分无显著关联(P>0.05)。在心理健康方面,饮料快餐模式与SCL-90量表总分正相关(模型1:β=0.11~0.13,P<0.05),在控制混杂因素后,仅Q3组与SCL-90量表总分关联不再显著(P>0.05)。素食模式的高分组与SCL-90量表总分负相关,且在控制混杂因素后仍显著(P<0.05)。肉蛋奶-水果模式与SCL-90量表总分无显著关联(P>0.05)。 结论 山东省高中生中饮料快餐模式占比高,与体质健康和心理健康问题显著相关,而肉蛋奶-水果模式对体质健康有益但对心理健康影响不显著,素食模式对心理健康有潜在保护作用,凸显了个体化健康指导的重要性,建议学校、家庭和公共卫生部门据此制定针对性干预措施,改善青少年膳食模式,促进其全面健康成长。

关键词: 膳食模式, 高中生, 身心健康, 多元线性回归, 主成分分析

Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and physical and mental health of senior high school students in Shandong Province. Methods The study was conducted using probability proportional sampling, resulting in the inclusion of 1,102 eligible senior high school students. The dietary data of the senior high school students were collected using a simplified food frequency questionnaire, physical fitness data were collected using the National Physical Fitness Test, and mental health data were collected using the Symptom Self-Assessment Scale(SCL-90). Principal component analysis was used to construct different dietary patterns, and the study participants were divided into Q1-Q4 groups according to the dietary pattern factor scores; multiple linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and physical fitness and mental health. Results Principal component analysis revealed 3 main dietary patterns: beverage-fast-food pattern, meat-egg-milk-fruit pattern, and vegetarian pattern. In terms of physical fitness, the beverage-fast-food pattern was significantly and negatively associated with the physical test score(model 1: β=-3.86-1.76, P<0.05), but after controlling for potential confounders, only the Q3 and Q4 groups maintained a significant association with the total physical test score(P<0.05). The meat-egg-milk-fruit pattern was positively associated with the total physical test score in model 1(β=2.21-2.27, P<0.05), but the association was no longer significant after adjusting for confounders(P>0.05). Vegetarian pattern was not significantly associated with total physical test score(P>0.05). In terms of mental health, the beverage-fast-food pattern was positively associated with the total SCL-90 scale score(model 1: β=0.11-0.13, P<0.05), and the association was no longer significant after controlling for confounders for the Q3 group only(P>0.05). The high score of the vegetarian pattern was negatively associated with the total SCL-90 scale score and remained significant after controlling for confounders(P<0.05). The meat-egg-milk-fruit pattern was not significantly associated with the total SCL-90 scale score(P>0.05). Conclusion The high proportion of beverage-fast-food diet pattern among high school students in Shandong Province is significantly associated with physical health and mental health problems. The meat-egg-milk-fruit pattern is beneficial to physical health but has no significant effect on mental health. The vegetarian pattern has potential protective effect on mental health. The importance of individual health counselling is emphasized. It is recommended that schools, families and public health authorities develop targeted interventions accordingly to improve adolescents dietary patterns and promote their overall healthy development.

Key words: Dietary patterns, Senior high school students, Physical and mental health, Multiple linear regression, Principal component analysis

中图分类号: 

  • R459.3
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