中国互联网医疗的发展历程、商业模式及宏观影响因素

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2018.1184

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用相关研究文献、新闻报道、政府文件以及企业和平台的数据信息,对我国互联网医疗的发展历史、市场规模、商业模式等进行整理、归纳和比较,同时介绍了美国的互联网医疗模式,指出了影响中国互联网医疗发展的宏观环境因素。中国的互联网医疗始于上世纪80年代的远程医疗,时代和技术进步及政府政策的推动是过去几年互联网医疗快速发展的原因。2014年被称为中国互联网医疗爆发元年,资本的涌入更加提升了过去几年互联网医疗市场的热度。我国的互联网医疗先后产生了非互动医疗健康信息服务、在线问诊、医药电商、健康监测管理、医疗服务流程优化等不同模式;互联网医疗企业与健康保险行业的结姻是最近的动态。美国互联网医疗市场的发展大致经历了4个阶段,从收费方式看,可以分为向药企收费、向医生收费、向保险公司收费、向参保企业收费4种模式。我国互联网医疗的不同模式各有自己的运营形式、适用人群、优缺点及发展方向,各有侧重和适用场景。我国互联网医疗的发展受到筹资机制、社会医疗保险和商业保险环境下的市场空间、医疗服务提供体制以及医疗健康服务需求特性等因素影响。

关键词: 互联网医疗, 发展历程, 线上, 线下, 商业模式, 影响因素

Abstract: Basing on reviewing related literatures, news, reports, government documents, data and information of enterprises and related platforms, we summarizes and compares the historical development, market scale and business model of Internet-based health service(IHS)in China, then introduces modes of IHS in the United States, and points out the macro environmental factors that influence the development of IHS in China. The IHS in China developed from the initial telemedicine since the 1980 s. Both the progresses of technology and the enforcement of government policies accelerated its recently rapid development.The year 2014 is known as the first year of Chinas IHS market outburst, and the influx of capital has heated IHS market in the following years. There are different modes including non-interactive health information service, online consultation, medical e-commerce, health monitoring and management, and medical service process optimization.The marriage between IHS enterprises and the health insurance industry is the latest development. The development of the IHS market in the United States has gone through four stages, and at present the charging modes include charging pharmaceutical enterprises, charging physicians, charging insurance companies and charging insured companies. Different modes of IHS in China have their own ways of operating, target population, advantages and disadvantages, and development directions, with different emphasis and applicable scenarios. The development of IHS in China is influenced by financing mechanism, market space under the social and commercial health insurance environment, healthcare delivery system and characteristics of healthcare demand.

Key words: Internet-based health service, Development process, Online, Offline, Business modes, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R574

于保荣,杨瑾,宫习飞,杨茹显. 中国互联网医疗的发展历程、商业模式及宏观影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2019, 57(8): 39-52.

YU Baorong, YANG Jin, GONG Xifei, YANG Ruxian. Development process, business modes and macrocally influencing factors for Internet-based health service in China[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2019, 57(8): 39-52.

参考文献

[1] 吕晓娟, 张麟, 王月娟, 等. “互联网+”时代医疗服务热点研究[J]. 中国数字医学, 2016, 11(1):29-30,37. LÜ Xiaojuan, ZHANG Lin, WANG Yuejuan, et al. Research of medical service hot point in “internet+ ”[J]. China Digital Medicine, 2016, 11(1):29-30,37.
[2] 王安其, 郑雪倩. 我国互联网医疗运行现状:基于3家医院的调查分析[J]. 中国卫生政策研究, 2016, 9(1):69-73. WANG Anqi, ZHENG Xueqian. The status quo of internet medical based on the analysis and investigation on three hospitals[J]. Chinese Journal of Health Policy, 2016, 9(1):69-73.
[3] 朱劲松. 互联网+医疗模式:内涵与系统架构[J]. 中国医院管理, 2016, 36(1):38-40. ZHU Jinsong. Internet + medical mode:contents and system architecture[J]. Chinese Hospital Management, 2016, 36(1):38-40.
[4] 宋京燕. “互联网+”与大数据在医疗保险领域中的创新应用[J]. 中国医疗保险, 2018(6):27-30. doi:CNKI:SUN:YLBX.0.2018-06-017. SONG Jingyan. The innovative application of “internet+” and big data in the field of medical insurance[J]. China Health Insurance, 2018(6):27-30. doi:CNKI:SUN:YLBX.0.2018-06-017.
[5] 中国网民规模已达7.72亿人,互联网医疗用户增至2.53亿人[EB/OL].(2018-07-14)[2018-10-10]. http://hb.ifeng.com/a/20180716/6729293_0.shtml.
[6] 郑曦,何晖雄,黄少伟.互联网医疗研究综述:回顾、现状与监管[J].中国卫生法制,2018,26(4):28-33. ZHENG Xi, HE Huixiong, HUANG Shaowei. A review of internet medical treatment: review, current situation and supervision[J].China Health Law, 2018,26(4):28-33.
[7] 艾媒报告丨2016-2017中国移动医疗健康市场研究报告[EB/OL].(2017-03-01)[2018-10-10]. http://www.iimedia.cn/49397.html.
[8] 2018互联网医疗排行榜[EB/OL].(2018-05-28)[2018-10-10]. http://www.enet.com.cn/article/2018/0528/A20180528048027.html.
[9] 张田勘. 移动医疗能提供哪些服务?[J]. 中国科技奖励, 2015(4):77-78. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-903X.2015.04.034.
[10] 朱茜. 两会再提“互联网 + 医疗” 十张图带你了解 2018 年互联网医疗行业趋势走向![EB/OL].(2018-03-13)[2018-10-10].https://www.qianzhan.com/analyst/detail/220/180313-f4f19f38.html.
[11] 1药网简介[EB/OL].(2015-05-18)[2018-10-15].http://www.111.com.cn/cmsPage/2015012602/topicId=14027.
[12] 王根旺,周路平. 从春雨医生倒闭传闻,看移动医疗行业之困[EB/OL].(2015-11-12)[2018-10-10]. https://www.pintu360.com/a17446.html.
[13] 互联网医疗线下落地“试水” [EB/OL].(2015-11-02)[2018-10-10]. http://money.163.com/15/1102/19/B7EKJVDP00253B0H.html.
[14] 温泉. 阿里健康,究竟在如何布局医疗[EB/OL].(2015-04-01)[2018-10-15].http://tech.163.com/15/0401/09/AM3TF5O0000915BF.html.
[15] 医药O2O格局生变,送药不是唯一出路[EB/OL].(2016-10-12)[2018-10-15].http://www.toutiao.com/i6198857265309532673/.
[16] 周玉涛.医药电商走近O2O[J].中国药店,2013(2):48-51.
[17] 周佳.浅析医药电子商务O2O模式——以京东健康到家为例[J].新经济,2016(5):59-63.
[18] 医联:打破轻问诊模式盈利难题,从为医生贴身服务开始[EB/OL].(2017-01-10)[2018-10-10]. http://mt.sohu.com/20170110/n478264398.shtml.
[19] 九安医疗首亏 ihealth产品探索国内销售模式[EB/OL].(2014-04-15)[2018-10-10]. http://money.163.com/14/0415/17/9PT1J88500254R91.html.
[20] 王方琪.互联网医疗携手保险能否终成正果[N].中国保险报,2016-07-27(5).
[21] 阿里的网络医院:分级诊疗缓解大医院“看病难”[EB/OL].(2016-02-14)[2018-10-10]. https://iot.ofweek.com/2016-02/ART-132209-8120-29064214_2.html.
[22] 汪鹏, 吴昊. 国内外移动互联网医疗应用现状及未来发展趋势探讨[J]. 中国数字医学, 2014, 9(1):8-10. WANG Peng, WU Hao. Mobile internet medical application status and future development trend of domestic and abroad[J]. China Digital Medicine, 2014, 9(1):8-10.
[23] 春雨医生牵手人保财险打造创新战略[EB/OL].(2015-11-19)[2018-10-10]. http://www.zyzhan.com/news/detail/50615.html.
[24] 平安好医生打造“互联网+健康保险+健康管理”管理式医疗[EB/OL]. http://business.sohu.com/20150820/n419337673.shtml. 2015-08-20.
[25] 韩依民. 腾讯丁香园众安合作,推互联网+医疗金融服务[EB/OL].(2015-11-19)[2018-10-10].http://tech.qq.com/a/20151119/062386.htm.
[26] 郝雪阳.丁香园+泰康在线:怎样用保险打通互联网医疗产品体系[EB/OL].(2016-06-16)[2018-10-15]. http://medical.ofweek.com/2016-06/ART-11102-8460-29108512.html.
[27] 王霜奉.国外掀起移动医疗“风潮”[J].上海信息化,2014(3):84-86. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-8424.2014.03.019.
[28] 陆家嘴午餐.互联网医疗行业深度报告(二)[EB/OL].(2014-09-22)[2018-10-15]. https://xueqiu.com/4465409253/31383452.
[29] 王兰永.互联网医疗探索与思考[J].信息与电脑,2014(8):75-76.
[30] 王方琪.互联网医疗如何盈利,商业模式剑指保险[N].中国保险报,2015-10-28(7).
[31] 王颖,刘书恩,赵妍. 新医改下医院信息网络的建设[J].医学信息(中旬刊),2010(6):1581. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2010.06.274.
[32] 陆会均. 新医改下数字化医院建设思考[J]. 现代医院管理, 2009, 7(4):62-64. LU Huijun. Considerations on the digital construction of hospitals under the new medical reform[J]. Modern Hospital Management, 2009, 7(4):62-64.
[33] 晏茜勤. 我国互联网医疗运作模式比较研究[J]. 齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2015(10):56-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2638.2015.10.018. YAN Xiqin. A comparative study of the operating modes of internet medical in China[J]. Journal of Qiqihar University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition), 2015(10):56-58. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2638.2015.10.018.
[34] 张元, 骆雯, 管倖生. 可用性目标在可穿戴设备设计中的应用研究[J]. 包装工程, 2015, 36(8):72-75. ZHANG Yuan, LUO Wen, GUAN Xingsheng. Application of usability attributes in the design of wearable electronics[J]. Packaging Engineering, 2015, 36(8):72-75.
[35] 毛彤, 周开宇. 可穿戴设备综合分析及建议[J]. 电信科学, 2014, 30(10):134-142. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-0801.2014.10.020. MAO Tong, ZHOU Kaiyu. Discussion about the influence of wearable device on mobile operators service[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2014, 30(10):134-142.

相关文章 15

[1]	孙佳丽,王亮,王长凤,张杰,郭磊. Klippel-Trenaunay综合征儿童情绪与行为特征及其影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2026, 64(3): 78-82.
[2]	宋一鸣,王佳丰,韩晓娟,杜怡峰. 脑维持与认知功能:测量、影响因素和机制[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2026, 64(1): 1-7.
[3]	徐欣颖,颜伟,石兴龙,岳芳,吕婧,乔颖异,张宇琦,程传龙,左慧,李秀君. 山东省滨州市手足口病的流行特征及影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2026, 64(1): 118-125.
[4]	孙爽爽,仉率杰,张伯韬,袁莹,于媛媛,薛付忠. 基于真实世界研究的18~50岁人群急性缺血性卒中影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(9): 40-46.
[5]	王宁,郝秀梅,牛翔,黄金明,徐静雅. 中国中老年高血糖、血脂异常、高血压人群健康体检服务利用现状及影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(7): 82-91.
[6]	张永媛,王清亮,连雪洪. 山东省某三级综合医院罕见病患者住院费用结构变动情况及影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(5): 111-119.
[7]	陈瑛翼,游倩,王意,张帆,李凤,季舒铭,徐浩源,饶志勇. 办公室职员肌肉质量减少预测模型的开发与验证[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(4): 26-35.
[8]	刘国伟,翟艳,王薇,吕军城. 潍坊市某城区65岁及以上老年人社会适应能力现状及其影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(2): 104-110.
[9]	穆弘杰,卢伟,吕军城. 居民抑郁、焦虑症状和心理健康素养现况及影响因素分析[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(12): 105-111.
[10]	刘峰,马彩霞,李春燕,程海英,靳乐雨,刘仲,李学文. 2023年11月流感高峰期济南市大学生流感样病例发生情况及影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(7): 91-97.
[11]	景睿,张文茜,董卉,董怡然,于胜男,段勇,闫芹,赵传禄,李秀君,汪卫兵. 济南市大一新生结核病防治知信行现状及行为影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(2): 101-107.
[12]	冯绪强,高萍,孙超,陶琳,闫根全,冷冰. 替加环素治疗感染性疾病临床疗效及影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(12): 11-20.
[13]	于菲萍,李鑫,司明舒,张丹,苏永刚. 医学生医养结合认知程度与养老就业意愿[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(11): 105-114.
[14]	刘凤祺,高峰,薛彩彩,乔秀梅,王金红. 高糖诱导PC12细胞损伤的影响因素及梓醇的保护作用[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2023, 61(7): 34-39.
[15]	程传龙,韩闯,房启迪,刘盈,杨淑霞,崔峰,刘靖靖,李秀君. 基于时空地理加权回归模型探索肺癌发病的环境影响因素[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2023, 61(4): 95-102.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed