686名医学生有无自杀意念调查及影响因素分析

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2021.0089

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的分析医学生自杀意念检出率及其主要影响因素,为医学生心理干预提供理论依据。方法于2020年5月至6月采用随机整群抽样方法选择多所医学院校749名学生,采用自行编制的基本情况调查表、Beck自杀意念量表中文版对其进行在线问卷调查。共收集686份完整有效问卷。合理运用单因素检验和多因素方法,分析医学生自杀意念检出情况及其保护因素与危险因素。结果医学生自杀意念检出62人(9.038%),不同性别间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在家庭类型、家庭和睦程度、与父母关系、父母离异或分居、是否发生负性事件等变量检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。有自杀意念的医学生量表平均得分9.11±4.09,不同性别间得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但在常住地、母亲学历、社会关系、是否心理困扰时获得帮助、是否患严重慢病等变量上得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二分类 Logistic回归分析显示,家庭类型不完整(OR=1.474, P<0.05)、在心理困扰时不能获得帮助(OR=4.269, P<0.05)、有慢性病(OR=1.989, P<0.05)是医学生产生自杀意念的危险因素。多元线性回归分析显示,常住地在农村、母亲学历较低、患有严重慢病、完美主义与医学生自杀意念得分相关。结论该研究医学生自杀意念检出率低于以往研究,但也需要引起足够重视,应针对危险因素积极开展心理干预。

关键词: 医学生, 自杀意念检出率, 自杀意念得分, 影响因素

Abstract: Objective To investigate the rate of suicidal ideation among medical students and the influencing factors, so as to provide theoretical basis for psychological intervention. Methods From May to June 2020, 749 students from various medical colleges and universities were selected by random cluster sampling method and surveyed online with a self-developed Basic Situation Questionnaire and Chinese version of Beck Suicide Ideation Scale. A total of 686 complete and valid questionnaires were collected. The detection of suicidal ideation, protective factors and risk factors were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Suicidal ideation was detected in 62(9.038%)medical students, and there was no statistical significance between genders(P>0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in the detection rate among variables such as family type, degree of family harmony, relationship with parents, parental divorce or separation, and occurrence of negative events(P<0.05). The average score of students with suicidal ideation was 9.11±4.09, and there was no significant difference in the scores between genders(P>0.05). However, there were significant differences in the scores of variables such as place of residence, mothers educational level, social relations, availability of help during psychological distress, and presence of severe chronic diseases(P<0.05). Binary classification Logistic regression showed that incomplete family type (OR=1.474, P<0.05), unavailability of help during psychological distress(OR=4.269, P<0.05), and chronic diseases(OR=1.989, P<0.05)were risk factors for suicidal ideation. Multiple linear regression showed that residence in rural areas, mother with low education level, severe chronic diseases, and perfectionism affected the scores of suicidal ideation. Conclusion The detection rate of suicidal ideation in medical students in this study is lower than that in previous studies; however, due attention is needed for the psychological intervention aiming at risk factors.

Key words: Medical students, Detection rate of suicidal ideation, Suicidal ideation score, Influencing factors

中图分类号:

R181

王超,张艺琳,邹广顺,吕军城. 686名医学生有无自杀意念调查及影响因素分析[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2022, 60(1): 78-85.

WANG Chao, ZHANG Yilin, ZOU Guangshun, LYU Juncheng. Suicidal ideation and influencing factors in 686 medical students[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2022, 60(1): 78-85.

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