退休前后生活方式及肥胖指标的变化

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.410

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨退休前后生活行为方式、饮食习惯以及人体测量指标的变化。方法利用1997年至2011年中国家庭营养与健康调查(CHNS)所获得的纵向数据,选择在初次调查时≥40岁、职业信息完整且在随访期间退休的572人作为研究对象,其中男304人,女268人。依次从运动、饮食、行为习惯、肥胖指标4个方面对研究对象在退休前后的变化进行统计分析,并用广义估计方程(GEE)进一步分析体质量指数(BMI)和腰围的影响因素。结果 (1) 退休后,所有研究对象无论是静坐型工作者还是体力型工作者,总的运动量减少(P<0.05),家务活动运动量增加(P<0.05)。在饮食上,总能量、碳水化合物的摄入量在不同性别和工作类型的人群中均有不同程度的下降。在行为习惯上,退休后饮酒率下降;(2) 男性体力型工作者BMI增加(P<0.05),而在静坐型工作者中差异无统计学意义。女性静坐型工作者和体力型工作者在退休后中心性肥胖率均升高(P<0.05);(3) GEE的结果显示吸烟是男性BMI的保护性因素,吸烟和饮酒是影响男性腰围的主要因素。女性BMI的主要影响因素是学历,腰围的主要影响因素是年龄、城乡、学历。结论退休前后人们生活方式以及肥胖指标的变化在不同人群中有不同的表现,对离退休人员,尤其是对低学历以及农村人群进行健康教育十分重要。

关键词: 退休, 生活习惯, 饮食, 肥胖

Abstract: Objective To explore retirees changes of lifestyles, dietary habits, as well as anthropology indexes before and after retirement. Methods With reference to data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)from 1997 to 2011, data of 572 participants(304 female and 268 male)were analyzed. The participants were >40 years old when they were first investigated, had complete professional information and retired during the period of study. Statistical descriptions and analyses were made to detect the differences of lifestyles, dietary habits and obesity indexes before and after their retirement. Generalized estimating equations(GEEs)were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of body mass index(BMI)and waist circumference. Results (1) In lifestyles, after retirement, the total amount of exercise decreased(P<0.05), and time to do housework was extended(P<0.05)for both physically demanding and sedentary occupations. In dietary habits, for all men and women, energy intake, carbohydrate intake and the prevalence of drinking decreased. (2) The BMI was significantly increased after retirement for men with physically demanding occupations(P<0.05), but the BMI for men with sedentary job before retirement remained unchanged(P=0.987). In obesity indexes, prevalence of central obesity was remarkably higher(P<0.05)in female after retirement. (3) The results of GEEs illustrated that smoking was a protective factor for BMI in men. Smoking and drinking were factors which could influence waist circumference in men. For women, high educational level was a protective factor for BMI incensement. Furthermore, age, rural area and educational level were associated with waist circumference in women. Conclusion The changes of lifestyles and anthropology indexes for retirees are different in different populations. Targeted health education is essential for further health intervention.

Key words: Retirement, Lifestyles, Obesity, Diet

中图分类号:

R161.7

刘瑞红,丁荔洁,薛付忠. 退休前后生活方式及肥胖指标的变化[J]. 山东大学学报（医学版）, 2016, 54(1): 80-85.

LIU Ruihong, DING Lijie, XUE Fuzhong. Changes of lifestyles and obesity indexes for retirees[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2016, 54(1): 80-85.

参考文献

[1] 严予若. 婚姻、就业及退休对健康影响的性别差异——西方的视角及其研究进展[J]. 人口学刊, 2012(2): 43-48.
[2] Nooyens AC, Visscher TL, Schuit AJ, et al. Effects of retirement on lifestyle in relation to changes in weight and waist circumference in Dutch men: a prospective study[J]. Public Health Nutr, 2005, 8(8): 1266-1274.
[3] Menai M, Fezeu L, Charreire H, et al. Changes in sedentary behaviours and associations with physical activity through retirement: a 6-year longitudinal study[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(9): e106850. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106850.
[4] Batis C, Sotres-Alvarez D, Gordon-Larsen P, et al. Longitudinal analysis of dietary patterns in Chinese adults from 1991 to 2009[J]. Br J Nutr, 2014, 111(8): 1441-1451.
[5] Ahn S, Zhao H, Smith ML, et al. BMI and lifestyle changes as correlates to changes in self-reported diagnosis of hypertension among older Chinese adults[J]. J Am Soc Hypertension, 2011, 5(1): 21-30.
[6] Cui Z, Dibley MJ. Trends in dietary energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein intake in Chinese children and adolescents from 1991 to 2009[J]. Br J Nutr, 2012, 108(7): 1292-1299.
[7] Ng SW, Howard AG, Wang HJ, et al. The physical activity transition among adults in China: 1991-2011[J]. Obes Rev, 2014, 15: 27-36. doi: 10.1111/obr.12127.
[8] Ng SW, Norton EC, Popkin BM. Why have physical activity levels declined among Chinese adults? Findings from the 1991–2006 China Health and Nutrition Surveys[J]. Soc Sci Med, 2009, 68(7): 1305-1314.
[9] 张自云, 谢迪, 李海波, 等. 农村人群空腹血糖水平与腰臀比及体质指数关系的研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2014,18(8): 740-743. ZHANG Ziyun, XIE Di, LI Haibo, et al. Correlation between body mass index or waist-hip ratio and fasting blood glucose in rural population[J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2014, 18(8): 740-743.
[10] Brown WJ, Heesch KC, Miller YD. Life events and changing physical activity patterns in women at different life stages[J]. Ann Behav Med, 2009, 37(3): 294-305.
[11] Evenson KR, Rosamond WD, Cai J, et al. Influence of retirement on leisure-time physical activity: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2002, 155(8): 692-699.
[12] Lahti J, Laaksonen M, Lahelma E, et al. Changes in leisure-time physical activity after transition to retirement: a follow-up study[J]. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2011, 8: 36. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-36.
[13] Touvier M, Bertrais S, Charreire H, et al. Changes in leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behaviour at retirement: a prospective study in middle-aged French subjects[J]. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 2010, 7: 14. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-7-14.
[14] Slingerland AS, van Lenthe FJ, Jukema JW, et al. Aging, retirement, and changes in physical activity: prospective cohort findings from the GLOBE study[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2007, 165(12): 1356-1363.
[15] Henkens K, van Solinge H, Gallo WT. Effects of retirement voluntariness on changes in smoking, drinking and physical activity among Dutch older workers[J]. Eur J Public Health, 2008, 18(6): 644-649.
[16] Behncke S. Does retirement trigger ill health?[J]. Health Econ, 2012, 21(3): 282-300.
[17] Ekerdt DJ, De Labry LO, Glynn RJ, et al. Change in drinking behaviors with retirement: findings from the normative aging study[J]. J Stud Alcohol, 1989, 50(4): 347-353.
[18] Patrick JM, Bassey EJ, Fentem PH. Changes in body fat and muscle in manual workers at and after retirement[J]. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 1982, 49(2): 187-196.
[19] Morris JK, Cook DG, Shaper AG. Non-employment and changes in smoking, drinking, and body weight[J]. BMJ, 1992, 304(6826): 536-541.
[20] Bowman SA, Vinyard BT. Fast food consumption of U S adults: impact on energy and nutrient intakes and overweight status[J]. J Am Coll Nutr, 2004, 23(2): 163-168.
[21] 孙瑞霞, 曹彩霞, 李莉, 等. 山东沿海成人超重和肥胖的流行病学特征分析[J]. 山东大学学报(医学版), 2010,48(9): 9-13. SUN Ruixia, CAO Caixia, LI Li, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity among adults of the Shandong coastal area in 2004[J]. Journal of Shandong University(Health Science), 2010, 48(9): 9-13.

相关文章 15

[1]	张媛李英敏冯月秋常彩云潘华伟王束玫. 血清脂联素水平与肥胖、胰岛素抵抗的关系探讨[J]. 山东大学学报(医学版), 2209, 47(6): 124-.
[2]	赵万霞,詹群璋,金婷,刘玉新,曲崇正,吴剑纯. 基于孟德尔随机化分析肠道菌群、血液代谢物和肥胖的因果关系[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2026, 64(4): 72-82.
[3]	李建锋,张展,丁新华,高奋堂,何勤利,谢萍. 欧洲人群饮食因素与认知功能障碍关系的孟德尔随机化分析[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(4): 36-43.
[4]	史文新,樊幼君,陈元,刘海燕,孙立锋,郭璐. 小儿乳糜泻2例并文献复习[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(2): 51-57.
[5]	张展,李建锋,李燕玲,王博雯,昂文成林龙珠,王鑫,张小明,谢萍. 饮食因素与子痫前期因果关系的孟德尔随机化分析[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(8): 59-66.
[6]	冯悦,俞一凡,吴思佳,李洪凯,薛付忠. 内脏脂肪组织与肺部疾病的孟德尔随机化研究[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(7): 48-55.
[7]	刘雯,冯文娟,杨阳,纪昌丽,晁岚. 体质量指数对卵巢正常反应患者累积分娩率的影响[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(3): 54-60.
[8]	许沛晨,李晓博,庄向华,娄能俊,吕丽,周玲雁,牟亚朋,宋玉文,陈诗鸿. 儿童Alstrom综合征2例并文献复习[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(3): 107-111.
[9]	梁中昊,庄向华,黄珊,韩晓琳,华梦羽,琚丽萍,陈诗鸿. 饮食诱导肥胖雌鼠棕色脂肪组织蛋白质组学分析[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(2): 10-19.
[10]	范佳旭, 成芳,乔俊鹏,费海程,陈学禹,赵云,贾红英. 中介或混杂因素:是否应调整肥胖以估计三卤甲烷对甲状腺功能的影响[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2024, 62(1): 102-110.
[11]	祁少俊,唐延金,张正铎,吴虹,张佳程,秦川,刘锐,高希宝. 补充多种微量元素对高糖饮食大鼠的保护作用[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2023, 61(7): 19-26.
[12]	韩晓婷,于霞,董来慧,纳莉,牛艳玲,赵君利. 月见草油对肥胖型不孕女性代谢及肠道菌群的影响[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2021, 59(2): 48-54.
[13]	李涵,付婷婷,张磊,延冰,孙涛,郭峰,尹晓. 过氧化物酶增殖物激活受体γ激动剂对24例肥胖症患者米色脂肪细胞分化的影响[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2020, 1(9): 8-13.
[14]	扈艳雯,王志媛,郁万江,赵蕙琛,韩合理,徐志鹏,马红,张玉超,刘元涛. 52例肥胖患者脂肪分布与代谢综合征及糖代谢指标的相关性[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2020, 1(8): 101-106.
[15]	李艳,孙凤娇,张天然,王雨心,张正铎,高希宝. 高糖、高脂饮食与不同浓度硒对大鼠脂代谢及氧化应激的影响[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2020, 58(5): 98-106.

多维度评价

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed