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山东大学学报 (医学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (8): 14-22.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2025.1532

• 自然疫源性疾病防治策略专题 • 上一篇    

2007—2024年济南市流行性乙型脑炎流行特征

付苹,徐颖,王琼,李传彬,马永胜,贺玉静,刘佳莉,穆尊龙,耿兴义   

  1. 济南市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防所, 山东 济南 250012
  • 发布日期:2026-08-14
  • 通讯作者: 耿兴义. E-mail:jncdcgxy@jn.shandong.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山东省医学会资助项目(YXH2024QS057);济南市卫健委科技计划项目(2022-BD-06)

Epidemiological characteristics of Japanese encephalitis in Jinan City from 2007 to 2024

FU Ping, XU Ying, WANG Qiong, LI Chuanbin, MA Yongsheng, HE Yujing, LIU Jiali, MU Zunlong, GENG Xingyi   

  1. Immunization Prevention Department, Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
  • Published:2026-08-14

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摘要： 目的 分析2007—2024年济南市流行性乙型脑炎(以下简称“乙脑”)的流行病学及临床特征,并了解蚊虫中乙脑病毒携带情况。 方法 收集乙脑监测系统中2007—2024年现住址为济南市的乙脑个案资料及2008—2024年济南市蚊虫标本采集数据。运用Joinpoint回归分析评估乙脑长期发病趋势,采用圆形分布法分析发病高峰,描述性分析阐述地区分布、人群分布、临床特征、6个月随访信息及蚊虫监测结果。 结果 2007—2024年济南市累计报告乙脑病例170例,年均发病率为0.14/10万,病死率为5.29%。2015、2019、2021—2023年无病例报告,整体呈下降趋势,但2013年出现高峰(发病率0.74/10万)。地区分布显示,济阳区和章丘区发病率较高,发病时间集中在8月和9月,人群分布以农民为主(46.47%),且45岁以上病例占比较高(从34.44%升至57.50%)。临床表现以轻型和中型为主,免疫接种史不详者占52.35%。发病6个月随访发现,后遗症发生率为9.41%,死亡病例多集中于50岁以上人群。2008—2024年济南市乙脑病毒最小感染率为2.36%。 结论 济南市乙脑流行具有明显的季节性,中老年发病占比呈升高趋势,临床特征较为典型。需加强重点地区和人群的防控,提升乙脑的早期识别能力。

关键词: 流行性乙型脑炎, 流行特征, 圆形分布法, 蚊虫监测

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Japanese encephalitis(JE)in Jinan City from 2007 to 2024, and to investigate the carriage status of JE virus in mosquitoes. Methods JE case data with permanent residence in Jinan City from 2007 to 2024 and mosquito specimen collection data in Jinan City from 2008 to 2024 were collected. Joinpoint regression was used to assess the long-term incidence trend, circular distribution analysis was applied to identify the peak incidence period, and descriptive analysis was conducted to characterize pregion distribution, population distribution, clinical features, 6-month follow-up information, and mosquito surveillance results. Results A total of 170 JE cases were reported in Jinan City from 2007 to 2024, with an average annual incidence of 0.14 per 100,000 population and a case fatality rate of 5.29%. No cases were reported in 2015, 2019, and 2021-2023. The overall incidence showed a downward trend, with a peak in 2013(incidence rate: 0.74 per 100,000). Regional distribution revealed higher incidence rates in Jiyang District and Zhangqiu District. The onset time was concentrated in August and September. Farmers accounted for the highest proportion of cases(46.47%), and the proportion of cases aged over 45 years increased significantly from 34.44% to 57.50%. Clinical manifestations were predominantly mild and moderate. Cases with unknown vaccination history accounted for 52.35%. The 6-month follow-up survey showed a sequelae rate of 9.41%, and most deaths occurred in individuals aged over 50 years. The minimum infection rate of JE virus in Jinan City from 2008 to 2024 was 2.36%. Conclusion The JE epidemic in Jinan City exhibits obvious seasonality, an increasing proportion of middle-aged and elderly patients, and typical clinical features. It is necessary to strengthen prevention and control in key areas and populations and to enhance early recognition of JE.

Key words: Japanese encephalitis, Epidemiological characteristics, Circular distribution method, Mosquito surveillance

中图分类号: 

  • R184
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