Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences) ›› 2025, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (11): 98-104.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2025.0145

• Public Health and Preventive Medicine • Previous Articles    

Association between low-temperature exposure and emergency call frequency in Dezhou City from 2020 to 2023: modification effect of ambient PM2.5 components

SUN Shufan1, ZHONG Yu2, ZHAO Qi1, QU Yinan1, WANG Cheng3, WANG Dongmei2   

  1. 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China;
    2. Dezhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Dezhou 253016, Shandong, China;
    3. Medical Integration and Practice Center, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
  • Published:2025-11-28

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Abstract: Objective To investigate the association between low-temperature exposure and emergency call frequency during the cold season in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China, and to evaluate the modification effects of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)and its components on this relationship, with the aim of providing addressing health risks associated with adverse atmospheric environments. Methods Emergency call data and meteorological data from Dezhou City during 2020-2023 were collected. The impact of low-temperature exposure during the cold-season(November to next February)on emergency call frequency was assessed using a generalized additive model(GAM)with distributed lag non-linear models(DLNM). The modifying effects were explored by including interaction terms between temperature and PM2.5 and its components. Results A total of 150, 408 emergency calls were recorded during the cold season from 2020 to 2023 in Dezhou City. The daily average temperature during the study period was(1.52±6.23)℃, and the daily average concentrations of PM2.5 was 57.60±53.65 μg/m3. The cumulative exposure-response curve between low-temperature exposure and emergency call frequency over 0-30 days displayed an approximate “U” shape. The relative risks(RR)and 95% confidence interval(CI)for emergency calls corresponding to extreme low-temperature exposure(-6.03 ℃)and moderate low-temperature exposure(-1.02 ℃)were 1.61(1.36-1.91)and 1.40(1.27-1.54), respectively. Under extreme low-temperature exposure, black carbon and organic matter significantly increased the low-temperature-related risk of emergency calls(P<0.05). Under moderate low-temperature exposure, PM2.5 and components significantly elevated the low-temperature-related risk of emergency calls(P<0.01). Conclusion Cold-season low-temperature exposure was positively associated with emergency call frequency in Dezhou City, Shandong Province. High concentrations of PM2.5 and its components exacerbated the strength of association.

Key words: Low temperature, Components of PM2.5, Modifying effects, Emergency calls

CLC Number: 

  • R122
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