退休前后生活方式及肥胖指标的变化

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2015.410

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨退休前后生活行为方式、饮食习惯以及人体测量指标的变化。方法利用1997年至2011年中国家庭营养与健康调查(CHNS)所获得的纵向数据,选择在初次调查时≥40岁、职业信息完整且在随访期间退休的572人作为研究对象,其中男304人,女268人。依次从运动、饮食、行为习惯、肥胖指标4个方面对研究对象在退休前后的变化进行统计分析,并用广义估计方程(GEE)进一步分析体质量指数(BMI)和腰围的影响因素。结果 (1) 退休后,所有研究对象无论是静坐型工作者还是体力型工作者,总的运动量减少(P<0.05),家务活动运动量增加(P<0.05)。在饮食上,总能量、碳水化合物的摄入量在不同性别和工作类型的人群中均有不同程度的下降。在行为习惯上,退休后饮酒率下降;(2) 男性体力型工作者BMI增加(P<0.05),而在静坐型工作者中差异无统计学意义。女性静坐型工作者和体力型工作者在退休后中心性肥胖率均升高(P<0.05);(3) GEE的结果显示吸烟是男性BMI的保护性因素,吸烟和饮酒是影响男性腰围的主要因素。女性BMI的主要影响因素是学历,腰围的主要影响因素是年龄、城乡、学历。结论退休前后人们生活方式以及肥胖指标的变化在不同人群中有不同的表现,对离退休人员,尤其是对低学历以及农村人群进行健康教育十分重要。

关键词: 退休, 生活习惯, 饮食, 肥胖

Abstract: Objective To explore retirees changes of lifestyles, dietary habits, as well as anthropology indexes before and after retirement. Methods With reference to data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)from 1997 to 2011, data of 572 participants(304 female and 268 male)were analyzed. The participants were >40 years old when they were first investigated, had complete professional information and retired during the period of study. Statistical descriptions and analyses were made to detect the differences of lifestyles, dietary habits and obesity indexes before and after their retirement. Generalized estimating equations(GEEs)were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of body mass index(BMI)and waist circumference. Results (1) In lifestyles, after retirement, the total amount of exercise decreased(P<0.05), and time to do housework was extended(P<0.05)for both physically demanding and sedentary occupations. In dietary habits, for all men and women, energy intake, carbohydrate intake and the prevalence of drinking decreased. (2) The BMI was significantly increased after retirement for men with physically demanding occupations(P<0.05), but the BMI for men with sedentary job before retirement remained unchanged(P=0.987). In obesity indexes, prevalence of central obesity was remarkably higher(P<0.05)in female after retirement. (3) The results of GEEs illustrated that smoking was a protective factor for BMI in men. Smoking and drinking were factors which could influence waist circumference in men. For women, high educational level was a protective factor for BMI incensement. Furthermore, age, rural area and educational level were associated with waist circumference in women. Conclusion The changes of lifestyles and anthropology indexes for retirees are different in different populations. Targeted health education is essential for further health intervention.

Key words: Retirement, Lifestyles, Obesity, Diet

中图分类号:

R161.7

刘瑞红,丁荔洁,薛付忠. 退休前后生活方式及肥胖指标的变化[J]. 山东大学学报（医学版）, 2016, 54(1): 80-85.

LIU Ruihong, DING Lijie, XUE Fuzhong. Changes of lifestyles and obesity indexes for retirees[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES), 2016, 54(1): 80-85.

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