2018—2023年青岛市理发与美容场所室内空气重点化学污染物对从业人员健康的影响

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2024.0749

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的研究青岛市理发与美容场所室内空气重点化学污染物对从业人员健康的影响,为保护从业人员健康提供依据。方法选取青岛市23家理发与13家美容场所,于2018—2023年间开展场所室内空气重点化学污染物(氨、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、PM₁₀、PM_2.5)浓度监测共10轮、138家次;问卷调查从业人员眼睛、呼吸系统、皮肤、神经系统的健康状况共590人次。采用多因素Logistic回归方法分析化学污染物与从业人员健康状况的关系。结果氨、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、PM₁₀、PM_2.5的中位数浓度分别为0.15 mg/m³、0.032 mg/m³、0.002 1 mg/m³、0.004 0 mg/m³、0.002 0 mg/m³、81.5 μg/m³、34.0 μg/m³。从业人员主诉有眼睛、呼吸系统、皮肤、神经系统症状的比例分别为17.1%、13.1%、7.5%、15.4%。室内空气高浓度水平的苯和PM₁₀可增加从业人员出现眼睛症状的风险,OR值(95%CI)分别为3.75(1.37~10.24)和3.97(1.10~14.34);甲醛、甲苯、PM₁₀和PM_2.5可增加从业人员出现呼吸系统症状的风险,OR值(95%CI)分别为2.65(1.15~6.13)、4.73(1.49~15.04)、4.69(1.22~18.05)和2.99(1.00~8.93);甲醛、苯、甲苯和PM₁₀可增加从业人员出现神经系统症状的风险,OR值(95%CI)分别为4.50(1.76~11.54)、7.84(2.10~29.22)、3.20(1.23~8.33)和3.29(1.26~8.59)。结论青岛市理发与美容场所的室内空气重点化学污染物可影响从业人员的健康,浓度水平越高,风险越大。应采取相应保护措施降低从业人员的健康风险。

关键词: 理发场所, 美容场所, 化学污染物, 从业人员健康

Abstract: Objective To provide a scientific foundation for the protection of their health by investigating the impact of predominant chemical pollutants in indoor air environments of barber shops and beauty salons in Qingdao on the health of the practitioners. Methods Twenty-three hairdressing and thirteen beauty salons in Qingdao were selected for a study conducted between 2018 and 2023. During this period, ten rounds of monitoring were carried out, totaling 138 visits, to measure the concentrations of predominant chemical pollutants(ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, PM₁₀, PM_2.5)in the indoor air of these establishments. Additionally, questionnaires were distributed to the practitioners, gathering data on their eye health, respiratory system, skin, and nervous system conditions, amounting to 590 responses. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between chemical pollutants and the health status of the practitioners. Results The median concentration of ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 were 0.15 mg/m³, 0.032 mg/m³, 0.002 1 mg/m³, 0.004 0 mg/m³, 0.002 0 mg/m³, 81.5 μg/m³ and 34.0 μg/m³, respectively. The practitioners complained symptoms of eyes, respiratory system, skin and neurological system, which accounted for 17.1%, 13.1%, 7.5% and 15.4%, respectively. Compared with low concentration level, high concentration level of benzene and PM₁₀ in indoor air could increase the risks of ocular symptoms of the practitioners. The corresponding OR(95%CI)were 3.75(1.37-10.24)and 3.97(1.10-14.34), respectively. High concentration level of formaldehyde, toluene, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 could increase the risks of respiratory system symptoms. The OR(95%CI)were 2.65(1.15-6.13), 4.73(1.49-15.04), 4.69(1.22-18.05)and 2.99(1.00-8.93), respectively. High concentration level of formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and PM₁₀ could increase the risks of neurological system symptoms. The OR(95%CI) were 4.50(1.76-11.54), 7.84(2.10-29.22), 3.20(1.23-8.33)and 3.29(1.26-8.59), respectively. Conclusion The predominant chemical pollutants in the indoor air of barber shops and beauty salons in Qingdao could affect the health of the practitioners, with higher concentration levels posing greater risks. Appropriate protective measures should be implemented to reduce the health risks for the practitioners.

Key words: Barber shops, Beauty salons, Chemical pollutants, Health of practitioners

中图分类号:

R126.4

徐春生,张秀芹,李丹丹,王寅,周慧,尹静雅,潘璐,葛南,于浩岩,史言菲,王炳玲,段海平. 2018—2023年青岛市理发与美容场所室内空气重点化学污染物对从业人员健康的影响[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2025, 63(4): 106-109.

XU Chunsheng, ZHANG Xiuqin, LI Dandan, WANG Yin, ZHOU Hui, YIN Jingya, PAN Lu, GE Nan, YU Haoyan, SHI Yanfei, WANG Bingling, DUAN Haiping. Influence of predominant chemical pollutants indoor air on practitioners health in barber shops and beauty salons in Qingdao from 2018 to 2023[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2025, 63(4): 106-109.

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