胰岛稳态与糖脂代谢

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2026.1323

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 胰岛是由内分泌细胞、免疫细胞、微血管及细胞外基质共同构成的高度组织化微器官,其稳态依赖多细胞间精细而动态的相互作用。越来越多的研究表明,糖尿病并非仅源于β细胞功能衰竭,而是与胰岛细胞通讯失衡、免疫微环境重塑及代谢应激密切相关。本文围绕糖脂代谢背景下的胰岛稳态,综述β-δ、β-α和巨噬细胞相关调控环路,重点讨论高糖、高脂、炎症反应和胰岛微环境重塑对胰岛功能的影响,并从胰岛稳态角度总结常用降糖药物的作用特点。

关键词: 胰岛稳态, 胰岛细胞, 糖代谢, 脂代谢, 糖尿病

Abstract: Pancreatic islets are highly organized micro-organs composed of endocrine cells, immune cells, microvasculature, and extracellular matrix components, and their homeostasis relies on finely coordinated and dynamic interactions among multiple cell types. Increasing evidence indicates that diabetes is not solely attributable to β-cell dysfunction, but is also closely associated with disrupted intercellular communication, remodeling of the immune microenvironment, and metabolic stress within the islet. Focusing on islet homeostasis in the context of glucose and lipid metabolism, this review summarizes the regulatory circuits involving β-δ cells, β-α cells, and islet macrophages, with particular emphasis on the effects of hyperglycemia, lipid overload, inflammatory responses, and microenvironmental remodeling on islet function. We further discuss the major classes of glucose-lowering therapies from the perspective of their effects on islet homeostasis.

Key words: Islet homeostasis, Islet cells, Glucose metabolism, Lipid metabolism, Diabetes mellitus

中图分类号:

R335

尚攀,程杰,葛晓燕,王悦源,于晓. 胰岛稳态与糖脂代谢[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2026, 64(10): 60-70.

SHANG Pan, CHENG Jie, GE Xiaoyan, WANG Yueyuan, YU Xiao. Islet homeostasis and glucose and lipid metabolism[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2026, 64(10): 60-70.

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