Abstract:

Objective    To investigate the influencing factors of esophageal squamous cell cancer（ESCC） in males of Feicheng City, a high ESCC incidence area of Shandong Province, China. Methods    In a high incidence community of ESCC, a cohort of residents aged from 40 to 69 were examined for esophageal lesions. The case group included 64 male cases of ESCC diagnosed by staining endoscope and pathogenic examination and 116 male inpatients of Feicheng People′s Hospital，and 220 males with normal esophageal mucosa determined by gastric endoscope served as the control group. The associations of family history of esophageal cancer, smoking and drinking with esophageal cancer were analyzed, and OR and 95%CI were used as the association indicators. Results    Age and education level were regarded as adjusting factors. No significant association was found between family history of esophageal cancer and ESCC. When smoking index=0 was used as the base line（OR=1.0）, the OR was 1.552 (95%CI:0.844-2.851) and 2.273 (95%CI: 1.2484.142)  for smoking index <550 and ≥550 respectively; when drinking index=0 was used as the base line（OR=1.0）, the OR was 2.887  (95%CI: 1.4685.679) and 3.281 (95%CI: 1.7806.045) for drinking index <130 and ≥130 respectively; when no-smoking and no-drinking was used as the base line（OR=1.0）, the OR was 2.907 (95%CI: 1.3726.162) for both smoking and drinking.  Conclusion    Smoking and drinking are risk factors of ESCC for males with dose-effect relationships, and there is synthetic effect between smoking and drinking on esophageal cancer. Abstinence from smoking and drinking has important preventive effect against esophageal cancer in high incidence areas of ESCC.

Key words: Esophageal neoplasms; Males; Smoking; Drinking; Risk factors