Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences) ›› 2026, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (10): 36-53.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2026.1154

Previous Articles    

Function and regulatory mechanism of TANK-binding kinase 1 in immune response and metabolic homeostasis

DU Jie, LI Chaoqun, JIA Mutian   

  1. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
  • Published:2026-10-10

Abstract: TANK-binding kinase 1(TBK1)was initially characterized as a central component of antiviral innate immunity, but is now recognized as a broader regulator of immune homeostasis, selective autophagy and cellular adaptation to metabolic stress. This functional diversity arises from multiple layers of control that extend beyond kinase activation itself. TBK1 is recruited to distinct signaling platforms formed by STING, MAVS and TRIF, where subcellular localization, adaptor composition and post-translational modifications determine its activation kinetics and access to substrates. In parallel, metabolic and stress-associated signals reshape TBK1 activity, linking cellular state to immune output. Through these regulatory mechanisms, TBK1 coordinates type I interferon production, inflammatory responses and pathogen clearance, while also contributing to mitochondrial quality control and metabolic adaptation. Disruption of this balance has markedly different consequences across tissues and disease settings: insufficient TBK1 activity can impair host defense and neuronal integrity, whereas persistent or aberrant signaling can sustain inflammation, metabolic dysfunction and tumor cell survival. Here, we discuss the structural basis and multilayered regulation of TBK1, examine how spatial and metabolic cues shape its immune functions, and consider how context-dependent changes in TBK1 signaling contribute to infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, malignant and neurological diseases. Viewing TBK1 as a dynamically regulated signaling hub, rather than solely as an antiviral kinase, provides a framework for reconciling its diverse and sometimes opposing functions in physiology and disease.

Key words: TANK-binding kinase 1, Innate immunity, Post-translational modifications, Metabolic homeostasis, Type I interferon

CLC Number: 

  • R392
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