原始卵泡的激活与临床应用

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1671-7554.0.2018.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 哺乳动物的卵巢中,卵母细胞发生与发育的基本功能单位为卵泡。与雄性动物睾丸终生含有生殖干细胞不同,雌性哺乳动物的卵泡储备是有限并在成年期不可更新的。在大多数哺乳动物物种中,出生前后会建立一个被称为原始卵泡库的生殖储备库,是哺乳动物一生惟一的生殖资源。而在原始卵泡形成后即进入休眠状态,随后只有少部分被逐渐地选择性激活,并参与到繁衍下一代的过程中。由于休眠的原始卵泡是雌性卵巢中卵泡的贮藏形式,因而原始卵泡的最初形成数量直接决定着雌性哺乳动物的生育力。同时,原始卵泡休眠与激活之间的平衡更直接决定了雌性哺乳动物的生育寿命。近年随着基因修饰动物的不断开发,人们对原始卵泡形成与激活发育的内在调控机制的认识有了长足的进步。随着对于原始卵泡激活调控分子机制的不断揭示,目前利用休眠原始卵泡技术治疗不孕不育在临床中逐渐走向了现实。

关键词: 原始卵泡, 卵泡激活, 卵泡休眠, 信号通路, 体外激活

Abstract: Mammalian ovaries consist of follicles as basic functional units of female reproduction. Unlike the stem cells contained in male testes, the follicle reserve is finite and un-renewable in adult life. In most mammalian species, primordial follicle pool established in early life determines the length of female reproductive lifespan. Most primordial follicles stay dormant after formation and only a limited number of primordial follicles are progressively recruited into growing pool through a process called follicle activation. Therefore, the number of primordial follicles in the ovary directly determines the fecundity of female, and the balance between dormancy and activation of primordial follicles maintains a proper reproductive lifespan in organisms. With the advances of genetically modified mouse models, the mechanisms of the formation and activation of primordial follicles have been revealed. Moreover, the in-depth understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of primordial follicle activation lead to more efficient approaches to treat female infertility. In this review, the current state of studies and clinical applications of primordial follicles have been summarized.

Key words: Primordial follicle, Follicle activation, Follicle dormancy, Signaling pathway, In vitro activation

中图分类号:

R321.1

张华,代燕丽,张佳伟. 原始卵泡的激活与临床应用[J]. 山东大学学报 (医学版), 2018, 56(4): 8-17.

ZHANG Hua, DAI Yanli, ZHANG Jiawei. Activation and clinical application of mammalian primordial follicles[J]. Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences), 2018, 56(4): 8-17.

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