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Table of Content

      
    16 August 2009
    Volume 47 Issue 8
    Articles
    Genotypes of killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptors in  Hashimoto′s thyroiditis patients
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  1-4. 
    Abstract ( 1025 )   PDF (249KB) ( 73 )   Save
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    Killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor (KIR) can modulate activity of NK and T lymphocytes. To investigate if the KIR genotype possesses a susceptibility to Hashimoto′s thyroiditis (HT). MethodsThe KIR genotypes in 100 HT patients and 260 randomly selected healthy controls (the control group) were determined using PCRSSP. ResultsThe two genotype frequencies of 3DL3,2DS2,2DL3,2DP1,2DL1,2DL4,3DL1,2DS4,3DL2 and 3DL3,2DL3,2DP1,2DL1,2DL4,3DL1,3DS1,2DS1,2DS4,3DL2 were significantly higher in the patient group than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the genotype frequency of 3DL3,2DL3,2DP1,2DL1,2DL4,3DL1,3DS1,2DL5,2DS5,2DS1,2DS4,3DL2 was significantly lower in the patient group than in the control group (P<0.05). Genotypes possesses more than 6 inhibitory KIR genes had a lower frequency in the patient group than the control group (39% vs 56.2%, P<0.01). ConclusionDifferences of the KIR genotypes between HT patients and healthy controls may explain the pathogenesis of HT.

    Relationship among polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and cerebrovascular disease
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  5-9. 
    Abstract ( 1145 )   PDF (433KB) ( 334 )   Save
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    To investigate polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase gene, and to elucidate the association between lipid metabolism and the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods All the subjects were divided into 2 groups: 120 subjects in the control group and 146 patients in the diabetic group. Then the diabetic group was subdivided into two groups with or without CVD. A phenol/chloroform method was used to extract DNA from the peripheral blood. The PCRRFLP method was used to amplify the aimed gene fragment. The amplified product was electrophoresised on 1.5% agarose gel with ethidium bromide, and the aimed strap was purified and sequenced. ResultsThe level of serum TG and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the diabetic group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) level was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the LPL H+ allele gene showed a significantly higher morbidity of CVD and a higher level of blood TG than those with the H allele gene(P<0.05). However, the PvuII P+ allele gene had no statistical significance between both groups. Subjects with the G allele gene showed a significantly lower morbidity of CVD and a lower level of blood TG than those with the C allele gene(P<0.05). ConclusionsPolymorphisms of LPL HindⅢ H+ are independent risk factors for the pathogenesis of CVD for diabetes. Mutation of the Ser447Ter G allele gene is considered to be a vasoprotector for CVD. 

    Relationship between angiographic evaluation of peripheral arterial
    occlusive disease and amputation in diabetic foot
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  10-13. 
    Abstract ( 1078 )   PDF (296KB) ( 237 )   Save
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    To determine the relationship between angiographic evaluation of peripheral arterial occlusive disease and amputation in diabetic foot. MethodsThere were 95 patients involved in this study. All the patients were divided into two groups after 1 year′s observation according to with or without amputation. The diabetic patients were interviewed about duration, treatment profile, presence or absence of chronic DM complications, prior amputation, blood  pressure, height, and body mass index (BMI). Fasting blood samples were taken to assess lipid profile, blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels, total lipid profile (high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL)) and urinary albumin concentration. Lower limb arterial diseases were assessed in all the diabetic feet by slice spiral CT angiography(CTA). All the patients underwent CTA examination on the common iliac artery, the external iliac artery, the femoral artery, the popliteal artery, the anterior tibial artery, the posterior tibial artery, the peroneal artery and the dorsal artery of the foot. Diagnosis of diabetic foot accorded with Wagner classification. ResultsAmputation was carried out in 23.2% of the patients afflicted with diabetic foot. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that angiographic score(OR=1.2,P=0.012), complicated Infection(OR=4.2,P=0.027) andPrior amputation(OR=5.8,P=0.017) were independent risk factors for amputation. Conclusion Angiographic score, complicated infection and prior amputation are independent risk factors for amputation.

    Clinical analysis of thyroid nodules
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  14-17. 
    Abstract ( 1272 )   PDF (279KB) ( 225 )   Save
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    To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of thyroid nodules and to evaluate the value of the present methods for diagnosing thyroid nodules. MethodA retrospective study of 1?474 patients who had undergone surgery for thyroid nodules was made.  Results① There were 286 males and 1?188 females. 1?141(77.40%) patients were diagnosed with benign nodules and 333(22.60%) malignant nodules. The malignant rate was higher in males than in females(28.3% vs 21.3%, P<0.05). ② The prevalence of thyroid cancer did not differ between patients with a solitary nodule and patients with multiple nodules (33.1% vs 27.6%, P=0.287). Those individual sonographic characteristics that showed a statistically significant difference in the malignant group were: ill defined margin, solid component, hypoechoic nodule, microcalcifications, internal blood flow and enlarged cervical lymph node(P<0.001). There were no differences between the benign and malignant groups for absent of halo and coarse calcifications (P>0.05). ③ The accuracy, sensitivity, and disaccording rate of frozen section examinations was 96.0%,  91.9%,  0.5%, respectively.  Microcarcinoma was found in 68 patients by paraffin section examination, of which 26(38.8%) had lymph node metastases. ConclusionThyroid nodules were found more often in women than in men,  but the malignancy rate was higher in men than in women. Ultrasonographic features could be helpful in differentiating benign and malignant nodules. Frozen section examination is of value in diagnosing thyroid nodules and plays a key role in determination of the extent of thyroidectomy. 

    Effect of glucose fluctuation on IL6 produced by Monocytes
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  18-20. 
    Abstract ( 1230 )   PDF (248KB) ( 257 )   Save
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    To investigate the effect of fluctuation of glucose in diabetic macroangiopathy. MethodsThe THP1cell strain, was randomly divided into the control group, the high glucose group, the fluctuating glucose concentration group and the osmotic pressure control group. Cells were incubated in a sixbore board, the culture fluid was changed every 12?h and the clean supernatant liquid was collected. The levels of IL6 were detected by euzymelinked immunosorbent assay after 72?h. ResultThe level of IL6 in the high glucose group was significantly higher than that in the low glucose group(P=0.000). The level of IL6 of the fluctuating glucose group was higher than that of the high glucose group(P=0.000). The concentration of IL6 of the osmotic pressure control group was between the high glucose group and the fluctuating glucose group. ConclusionFluctuation of glucose can promote monocytes secreting more IL6 and produces a greater cellular toxicity than simple high glucose does.

    Effect of RAD001 on cell growth of gastric carcinoma cell lines MKN28, N87: an empirical study
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  21-24. 
    Abstract ( 1303 )   PDF (302KB) ( 195 )   Save
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    To investigate the effect of RAD001 on growth of gastric carcinoma cell lines MKN28, N87 and to investigate its possible mechanism. MethodsGastric carcinoma cell lines were treated by RAD001(20nM), then cell coulter, flow cytometry, and westernblot array were used to detect the growth, cell cycle and protein expression of tumor cells. ResultsAfter being treated by RAD001, gastric carcinoma cells were inhibited in a timedependent manner. Percentage of Go phase was increased in the two cell lines. Also, expressions of phosphatep70S6K,S6 protein, and phosphateS6 proteins were decreased while mTOR, p70S6K and phosphate mTOR had no changes. ConclusionThe present study suggested that RAD001 inhibited the growth of gastric carcinoma cells by adjustment of the cell cycle via inhibition of phosphorylation of p70S6K and S6 protein, which is due to the downregulation of mTOR activity by integrating to its FRB domain instead of changing the mTOR and phosphate mTOR protein expressions.

    Curcumin protects against acute necrotizing pancreatitis damage 
    in mice by inhibiting NFκB
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  25-28. 
    Abstract ( 1063 )   PDF (545KB) ( 223 )   Save
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    To investigate the protective effect of curcumin on the development of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in mice. MethodsKunming mice were randomly divided into the control group, ANP group, low concentration of curcumin group, and high concentration of curcumin group. At 12h after induction of ANP, a blood sample was withdrawn for analysis of amylase activity and TNFα level, the serum amylase was determined by an Automatic Biochemical Analyzer, and expression of TNFα was determined by ELISA. Pancreatic pathological damages were evaluated to observe the pathological score. Expression of NFκB was determined by RTPCR and Western blot methods. Results  The serum amylase, TNFα level, pathological scores and expression of NFκB in the ANP group were significantly higher than the in control group(P<0.05), but they were significantly lower in the two roglitazone curcumin groups than in the ANP group(P<0.05). ConclusionCurcumin may effectively alleviate pancreas injury in acute necrotizing pancreatitis in mice by inhibition of NFκB expression.

    Docetaxel in combination with FHIT in treatment of human gastric cancer cells: an experimental study
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  29-32. 
    Abstract ( 922 )   PDF (1037KB) ( 67 )   Save
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    To investigate the effect and molecular mechanisms of FHIT expression on apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells (MGC803) induced by docetaxel (DOC). MethodsRecombination eukaryotic expressive plasmids with exogenous FHIT were transfected into MGC803 by liposomes. The cell line which acquired a stable expression of recombinant plasmid pRcCMVFHIT was successfully built by the Central Laboratory of the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University. Exogenous FHIT protein expression was assayed  by Western Blot. At different concentrations(1.0, 5.0, 10, 20, and 40?μg/mL) and different times (24, 48, and 72?h), Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to determine the inhibitory ratio of gastric cancer cell MGC803 treated by docetaxel to choose the best concentration and time. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the apoptotic ratio of gastric cancer cells treated by FHIT and DOC. Proteinum expression of cleavedCaspase3 was determined by Western Blot. ResultsThe cell line which acquired a stable expression of recombinant plasmid pRcCMVFHIT was successfully build. DOC had an inhibitory effect, which was most obviously at 20?μg/ml and 48?h, to gastric cancer cells. The apoptotic ratio in the DOC in combination with pRcCMVFHIT group (65.54%) was significantly higher than that in the control(3.27%), pRcCMV (3.55%), pRcCMVFHIT (13.94%), DOC (44.13%), and DOC + pRcCMV groups (45.29%)(P<0.05). CleavedCaspase3 proteinum expression in the DOC+pRcCMVFHIT group was significantly higher than in any other groups. ConclusionFHIT expression in combination with DOC synergistically promotes the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells, which maybea result of the upregulation of Caspase3 proteinum expression induced by them.

    Effects of propranolol on behavior, serum corticosterone level andhippocampal morphology in stressed rats
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  33-36. 
    Abstract ( 951 )   PDF (571KB) ( 255 )   Save
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    To explore the effect of propranolol on behavior, serum corticosterone level and hippocampal morphology in the chronic unpredictable mild model (CUMS) rats before and after the acute stress. MethodsThirty Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, CUMS group and propranolol group. The control group was left undisturbed in home cages, while others were exposed to CUMS for 21 days. The propranolol group received perfusion of propranolol and the CUMS group was perfused with normal saline. Then, half of each group were randomly chosen and encountered electric foot shock on day 22. The rats were sacrificed by decapitation two hours after the acute stress. The content of serum corticosterone was evaluated by cortisol radioimmunoassays. And hematoxylineosin staining was used to study morphological changes in the hippocampus. ResultsThe results of openfield test showed that model rats had less locomotor and exploratory activities, and the changes of hippocampal morphology were severe. In contrast to the controls, serum corticosterone in the propranolol group was significantly upregulated before the acute stress, while an obvious decreased level was observed after the novel insult. Moreover, it could not inhibit the morphological changes in the hippocampus. ConclusionPropranolol could relieve anxiety symptoms in chronic stress, however, it decreased the level of serum corticosterone when animals faced acute stress stimulus.

    Effects of Gefitinib in combination with Celecoxib on apoptosis and expressions of EGFR and COX2 in cancerous lung cells
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  37-41. 
    Abstract ( 1341 )   PDF (754KB) ( 207 )   Save
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    To explore the effects of Gefitinib in combination with Celecoxib on apoptosis and expressions of EGFR and COX2 in lung cancer A549 cells. MethodsCells were cultured in RPMI1640 and divided into four groups: the control group, the 5?μmol/L Gefitinib group, the 25?μmol/L Celecoxib group, and the 5?μmol/L Gefitinib+25?μmol/L Celecoxib group, which were subjected to drugs for 48 hours. The cell inhibitory rate was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT), the apoptotic rate and cell cycle were measured by a flow cytometer and Hoechst33258 staining method, and expressions of EGFR, COX2 were determined by immunofluorescence. ResultsGefitinib and Celecoxib inhibited the growth of A549 cells in a dosedependent manner. Their combination produced greater growth inhibition than when either was used alone(P<0.01). Gefitinib and Celecoxib both induced apoptosis of A549 cells, and their combination produced a higher apoptosis rate(P<0.01). Gefitinib in combination with Celecoxib also induced G1 phase arrest and down regulated expressions of EGFR and COX2 in A549 cells(P<0.05). ConclusionsGefitinib in combination with Celecoxib can promote a cooperative effect and synergistic cell growth inhibition.

    Comparison of linezolid and vancomycin in preventing the drug resistant mutants for staphylococcus aureus
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  42-44. 
    Abstract ( 1331 )   PDF (259KB) ( 232 )   Save
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    To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC),mutant prevention concentration(MPC) and selection index(SI) of linezolid and vancomycin for staphylococcus aureus in vitro and compare their capacity  for restricting the selection of staphylococcus aureus resistant mutants. MethodsThe staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC25923 was enriched in broth, and the bacterial concentration was adjusted to 1010 colony forming units per milliliter. MIC, MPC and MPC of linezolid and vancomycin for staphylococcus aureus were determined by an agar plates dilution method, We also MPC and SI of vancomycin in  combination with rifamycin and leofloxacin were determined. ResultsMICs of linezolid and vancomycin for staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC25923 were 1.0 and 1.0?g/L; MPCs were 6.4  and 51.2?g/L; and SIs were 6.4 and 51.2.  The MPCs of vancomycin in combination with rifamycin and leofloxacin were 12.8 and 8.0?g/L, and the SIs were 25.6 and 16.0. ConclusionThe capacity of linezolid for restricting the selection of  staphylococcus  aureus  resistant  mutants  was stronger than that of vancomycin, and the capacity of vancomycin was raised by combining with rifamycin and leofloxacin.

    Relationship between gene expression of βcatenin and  embryonic neural tube defects induced by Retinoic acid
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  45-49. 
    Abstract ( 1054 )   PDF (535KB) ( 269 )   Save
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    To explore expression of βcatenin in KM mouse embryos with neural tube defects (NTDs) induced by alltrans retinoic acid (RA). MethodsPregnant mice were randomly divided into the control group and the RAtreatment group. The RAtreatment group was fed only with RA solution prepared with sesame oil on embryo (E) 7.75 day, and the control group was administrated with an equal volume of sesame oil. Embryos were sampled from pregnant mice at 4, 18, 42, 66, and 90?h after RA or sesame oiltreatment. Expressive changes and distribution of βcatenin mRNA and protein in the embryonic neural tube were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining technique. ResultsRA treatment resulted in a marked decrease (P≤0.05) at 4 and 18?h and a marked increase (P≤0.05) at 66?h in βcatenin mRNA level in fetuses after maternal treatment, and no significant difference was found at 42?h between the control and RAtreatment groups after maternal treatment. In addition, the level of βcatenin protein was distinctively decreased at 18 and 42?h(P≤0.05) and distinctively increased at 90(P≤0.05) in fetuses after maternal treatment, and no significant difference was found at 66?h between the control and RAtreatment groups after maternal treatment. ConclusionChanges in temporal patterns of βcatenin mRNA and protein expression induced by RA has a relevant relationship with RAmediated NTDs in KM mouse embryos.

    Effects of trichostatin A effects on natural killer cell  survival and activity
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  50-54. 
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    To explore the potential regulatory effects of trichostatin A (TSA) on survival and activity of natural killer (NK) cells. MethodsHuman peripheral blood lymphocytes(PBLs)or NK cells were separated or isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy blood donors. Lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells were generated by culturing PBLs in the presence of interleukin2 for 72?h. The cells were cultured in the presence or absence of TSA at the concentrations(0.01,0.1 and/or 1?μmol/L)for 12?h, 24?h and/or 48?h, respectively. Apoptotic cells in PBLs, LAK or purified NK cells were cytometrically quantified by dual labeling of propidium iodide (PI) and AnnexinV (AV). The proportion of apoptotic cells in PBLs were further defined by combined staining of AV, antiCD56 and antiCD3 antibodies, and flow cytometry method (FCM). NK cell cytolytic activity against leukemia cells (K562 leukemic cell line) was evaluated using a standard chromium51 release assay. ResultsTSA markedly induced apoptosis in PBLs and LAK cells in a dose and timedependent manner. The percentages of total apoptotic cells (AV+PI plus AV+PI+) in the TSA treatedPBLs or LAK cells were significantly higher than that in the untreated ones(P<0.05). Moreover, the percentage of total apoptotic cells in the purified resting NK cells treated by TSA(0.1?μmol/L) for 24?h was significantly higher than that in the control NK cells (P<0.05). Importantly, the cytolytic activity of resting NK cells against leukemia cells significantly decreased after treatment with 0.1?μmol/L TSA for 12?h, as compared to the control NK cells(P<0.01). ConclusionsThe histone deacetylase inhibitor TSA can induce apoptosis in NK cells and LAK cells, and can affect NK cell cytotoxicity.

    Effect of KI on proliferative activity of human skin fibroblasts
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  55-57. 
    Abstract ( 1219 )   PDF (373KB) ( 231 )   Save
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    To study the effects of KI on proliferative activity of human skin fibroblasts at different doses. MethodsHuman skin fibroblasts (HSF) were treated with KI 0, 1?000,3?000,5?000,7?000,9?000, and 11?000?μg/L for 24?h and to observe the morphology of fibroblasts.  The methods of FCM and ELISA were used to detect the proliferation activity of human skin fibroblasts. ResultsKI at a certain range of concentration(<5?000?μg/L)could significantly increase proliferative activity of human skin fibroblasts but decreases the proliferative activity at a certain range of concentration(>7?000?μg/L). The proliferative activity was the highest from 5?000?μg/L to 7?000?μg/L, but there were no significant differences between them. ConclusionKI with an exposure level<5?000?μg/L can increase the proliferative activity of human skin fibroblasts, whereas it decrease the activity when its exposure >7?000?μg/L.

    RNAi of targeted against survivin induced apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cell line hep2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  58-61. 
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    To study the inhibitory effects of RNAi expression vector suppressing expression of survivin and inducing the apoptosis of laryngeal carcinoma cell line Hep2. MethodsRNAi expression vectors targeting survivin were successfully constructed, and then were transfected into Hep2 cells with liposomes. Expression of survivin mRNA was detected and the rate of cell apoptosis was measured. ResultsThere was a high expression of survivin in Hep2 cells. The DNA sequence was in accordance with the survivin gene in the GENEBANK. The survivin expression was inhibited 68.5% by pGenesil/survivin RNAi expression vectors, and the apoptosis of cells increased. ConclusionThe RNAi expression vector can effectively inhibit survivin expression and induce the apoptosis in Hep2 cells.

    18FFDG PET/CT study on functional changes in the cortex of the frontal and parietal lobes in Prakinson′s disease
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  62-66. 
    Abstract ( 1232 )   PDF (151KB) ( 279 )   Save
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    To study the functional changes of the frontal and parietal cortex in cat models of Parkinson′s disease (PD). MethodsHealthy male cats were injected MPTP to establish animal models of diplPD. The four model groups comprised by 2, 5, 8 and 11 days after the first drug pour. After observation of biological behavior and HE stain, model groups were injected with 18FFDG i.v. Then, we determined the region of interest (ROI) by observing 18FFDG intensity and carried out a semiquantitative analysis after detecting the standard absorption value (SUV) in this area. ResultsCompared with the control group, the 18FFDG intensity and SUV were normal in both sides of the frontal and parietal cortex in the PD models on the 2nd day after the first injection(P>0.05), and was significantly reduced on the 5th day in both sides of the frontal cortex(P<0.05), but remained normal in both sides of the parietal cortex. The value of both sides of the frontal cortex on the 8th day was lower than that on the 5th day, while both sides of the parietal cortex significantly increased compared with that on the 5th day(P<0.05). On the 11th day, the value ofboth sides of the frontal cortex was consistent with that on the 8th day, while the value of both sides of the parietal cortex returned to the normal level on the 8th day. There was no difference between the left and right sides of the frontal and parietal cortex of each group(P>0.05). ConclusionsReduction of glucose metabolism in the frontal cortex of PD suggests that there is a functional disorder in this area, aggravating with time and being stable at some degree, while the increase of glucose metabolism in the parietal cortex of PD suggests that there is a transient functional accentuation in this area as a compensation for dysfunction of the frontal cortex.

    Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A on carbon tetrachlorideinduced hepatotoxicity
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  67-71. 
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    To investigate the protective effect of Hydroxysafflor Yellow A(HSYA) against Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)induced hepatotoxicity and its mechanism.  MethodsA total of 60 mice were randomly and averagely divided into 6 groups: the blank control group, the CCl4 group, four dosages of HSYA groups (2, 4, 8, 16?mg/kg). 10% CCl4 was used to induce acute liver injury in all groups expect for the control group. All animals were sacrificed after 24h from CCl4 intraperitoneal injection. Liver injury was assessed by elevations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotranferase (AST) activities and histopathology. Antioxidative activity was measured by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA).  Superoxide anion scavenging activity was evaluated by contents of glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure formation of tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα). Expression level of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein was measured by western blot analysis.  ResultsPretreatment of HSYA was shown to possess a significantly protective effect by significantly lowering the serum AST and ALT (P<0.05). This hepatoprotective action was confirmed by histological observations. In addition, pretreatment of HSYA significantly prevented the elevation of MDA formation and the depletion of GSH and SOD contents in the liver of CCl4injected mice (P<0.05). The groups pretreated with HSYA significantly developed lower TNFα levels compared with nonHSYA pretreated CCl4injected mice (P<0.05). Expression level of CYP2E1 in the HSYA pretreated groups was higher than that in the nonHSYA pretreated CCl4injected group, but was lower compared with the blankcontrol group.  ConclusionHSYA has a potent hepatoprotective effect on CCl4induced acute liver injury in mice through antioxidant activity and reducing formation of TNFα.

    Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of noggin on learning  and memory and neurogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus of Dgalactose induced aging mice
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  72-74. 
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    To investigate endogenous neurogenesis and learning and memory in hippocampul dentate gyrus of Dgalactose induced aging mice by intracerebroventricular injection of noggin protein. Method40 mature KM male mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, the aging model group, the treatment control group and the noggin treatment group. In the aging model group, treatment control group and treatment group, Dgalactose (125?mg·kg-1·d-1)  was given to mice for 6 weeks by subcutaneous injection. Noggin protein was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle for 7 days after 6 weeks in the noggin treatment group, and saline was injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle in the treatment control group. Learning and memory abilities were measured by a Ymaze test 7 days after the operation. Neurogenesis was observed with BrdU immunohistochemical staining and the number of BrdUpositive cell were statistically analyzed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. ResultsLearning and memory abilities in the aging control group were significantly decreased compared with the normal control group (P<0.05) but in the noggin treatment group were significantly increased compared with the aging model group and treatment control group (P<0.05). BrdUpositive neurons in the noggin treatment group were increased compared with the aging control group and treatment control group (P<0.05). ConclusionNoggin protein can improve learning and memory abilities of the aging model mice, which may be related to Dgalactose inducing impairment of neurogenesis and enhancing neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. 

    Effects of Simvastatin on the levels of plasma Fas/Apo1 and inflammatory factors in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  75-78. 
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    To observe the influence of simvastatin on clinical symptoms,pulmonary function and plasma levels of Fas/Apo1, tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα)and interleukin8 (IL8) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) and investigate the therapeutic action of Simvastatin on COPD. MethodsSixty COPD patients during a stable phase were randomly divided into two groups on average and received either simvastatin 20?mg once daily(the intervention group) or a placebo (the control group ) for 8 weeks. In addition, 27 healthy persons were enrolled as the healthy control group.The clinical symptom scores, pulmonary function and the levels of plasm  Fas/Apo1,TNFαand IL8 were measured before and after treatmentResults There  was no  significant differences in FEV1 and FEV1 % between the intervention group and the control group before and after treatment (all P>0.05). The levels of plasm  Fas/Apo1, TNFα and IL8 were significantly higher in the intervention group than in healthy control group(P<0.05). The clinical symptom scores and the levels of plasm  Fas/Apo1,TNFα and IL8 were significantly decreased after treatment in the intervention group(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the clinical symptom scores and the levels of plasm Fas/Apo1,TNFα and IL8 between the intervention group and the control group after treatment(P<0.05). ConclusionSimvastatin can reduce circulating markers of inflammation and accommodate cell apoptosis in COPD patients during a stable phase.

    Expressions of DcR3 and caspase3 and their significance in colorectal adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  79-84. 
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    To investigate the relationship between expressions of decoy receptor3 (DcR3) and caspase3 and clinicopathological parameters in colorectal carcinogenesis. MethodsExpressions of DcR3 and caspase3 were determined by immunohistochemical SP staining in a series of 70 colorectal cancer (CRC),59 colorectal adenoma (CRA,including 22 highgrade colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia and 37 lowgrade colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia) and 10 normal colorectal mucosa (NCM).Multiple clinicopathological factors were analyzed based on their relation to expressions of DcR3 and caspase3. Results① Expressive rate of DcR3 in NCM,CRA and CRC was 0(0/10),39.0%(23/59)and 70%(49/70) respectively.However,expressive rate of caspase3 in the three groups was 100.0% (10/10),33.9% (20/39) and 28.6% (20/50), respectively.② Expressions of DcR3 and caspase3 in CRC were not associated with sex, age, tumor location,differentiation and histopathological type (P>0.05), but expression of DcR3 in CRC with Dukes C/D was significantly lower than that of Dukes A/B (P<0.05).③ Expression of caspase3 in CRA was significantly correlated with differentiation status(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between expressions of DcR3 and caspase3 and other clinicopathological features such as sex, age, tumor location,size, number, and morphological characteristics(P>0.05). Conclusion① Both DcR3 and caspase3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer and play an important role in the development of colorectal cancer in Chinese people. ② Detecting expressions of DcR3 and caspase3 may be useful in the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer.

    Expression and significance of stem cell marker LGR5 proteins in the  development  and progression of human colorectal carcinoma
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  85-88. 
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    To investigate expression of stem cell marker LGR5 protein in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to evaluate the relationship between LGR5 and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC.MethodsLGR5 expression was immunohistochemically determined on paraffinembedded, formalinfixed biopsy tissues in a total of 139 cases (10 normal colorectal mucosa (NCM), 59 colorectal adenoma (CRA) and 70 CRC). Immunoreactivity of CRA and CRC to the molecule was semiquantified by two pathologists in a doubleblinded fashion. Results1. LGR5 immunoreactivity was detected in NCM, CRA, and CRC with a significant higher expression in CRC than in the other two groups (P<0.05). 2. LGR5 expression was significantly correlated with Dukes stage and lymph node metastasis. There was no correlation between expression of LGR5 and histological type, as well as differentiation and clinical characteristics in CRC.3.There was no correlation between expression of LGR5 and clinical pathological characteristics in colorectal adenoma.ConclusionExpression of LGR5 in CRC indicated that stem cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of CRC and LGR5 may play an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer.

    Audiological features of auditory steadystate response and auditory brain stem response in large vestibular aqueduct syndrome
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  89-92. 
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    To explore characteristics of auditory steadystate response (ASSR) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) in patients with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS). MethodsCharacteristics of ASSR and ABR of 63 patients (121ears) with LVAS and 20 patients (40ears) of SHL without LVAS were recorded and analyzed. ResultsIn the LVAS group, ASSR raised in a nearly straightline from 0.5 to 4?kHz thresholds until the threshold of response 4?kHz, with an increase of lowfrequency hearing threshold, the value of the slope was reduced. When the biggest boost in frequency was given, response threshold at 1kHz finally disappeared. When stimulated by the maximal sound of ABR, 84 ears could not draw forth the V wave, whose corresponding ASSR could draw forth the response threshold in all or part frequencies. In the other group, ASSR from 0.5 to 4?kHz thresholds rose mostly in a flat type. The average value of ASSR from 2 to 4?kHz thresholds was similar to that of wave Ⅴ of ABR. ConclusionsASSR of LVAS from 0.5 to 4?kHz thresholds rose in a nearly straightline relationship until the thresholdof response disappeared. The correlation was obvious with an increase of frequency. ASSR and ABR thresholds were significantly correlated and the ASSR thresholds had a stage change with the change interval between 80 and 100?dBHL.

    Diagnosis and treatment of sinonasal malignant melanoma: a report of 37 cases
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  93-96. 
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    To summarize the clinic and pathological characteristics of sinonasal mucosal malignant melanoma and discuss early diagnosis, optimal treatment and prognosis. Methods37 cases of sinonasal malignant melanoma in the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from 1996 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. The clinic manifestation, diagnosis, optimal treatment and prognosis in this series were analyzed. ResultsThe optimal treatment is surgery. Thirtythree cases were surgically treated and 12 cases of local recurrence occurred postoperatively. The shortest survival time was 3 months. The main causes of death were local recurrence and distant metastasis. The 1, 3, and 5year survival rates were approximately 50%, 28%, and 20%. ConclusionThe main symptoms of sinonasal melanoma are unilateral nasal obstruction, epistaxis and blood streak nasal discharge. The optimal treatment is surgery. The recommended treatment for recurrence lesions is also surgery. Early diagnosis and early treatment will lead to improved prognosis.

    Pulse wave velocity and cerebrovascular diseases
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  97-99. 
    Abstract ( 1027 )   PDF (233KB) ( 299 )   Save
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    To investigate the association between pulse wave velocity(cfPWV) and cerebrovascular diseases and to promote the application of PWV in epidemiological studies of cerebrovascular diseases. Methods58 patients with acute cerebral infarction(CI) and 31 patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) were enrolled in this study.  Another 30 persons without cerebrovascular disease(CVD) served as the control group. Carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity(cfPWV) was determined and the clinical data such as age, sex, smoking, alcohol intake, location in CI patients and site of hemorrhage were analyzed. ResultCfPWV in patients with CI and ICH was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.01 and P<0.05). CfPWV in patients with infarction in the cortex and subcortex was higher than that in patients with infarction in the brain stem or cerebellum(P<0.01), there were no significant differences among patients with different hemorrhage location(P>0.05). Patients with CVD had a low cfPWV if they smoked(P<0.01). But there were no significant differences in patients with different levels of alcohol intake(P>0.05). ConclusionPWV may be an important risk factor relating to CI and ICH. Smoking may cause a decrease of thresholds of PWV and increases the risks of CVD.

    Expression of soluble B7H4 in the serum and its clinical significance in gastric cancer
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  100-102. 
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    To determine the serum level of soluble B7H4 in gastric cancer and to explore its clinical significance. MethodUsing the ELISA sandwich method, the serum level of soluble B7H4 was determined in 61 cases of gastric cancer and 51 cases of normal controls, then correlations between soluble B7H4 and pathological types, before and after surgical treatment and other serum markers of gastric cancers were analyzed. ResultsThe serum level of soluble B7H4 in gastric cancer [(49.14±16.16)μg/L]was significantly higher than that in normal people[(32.67±12.28)μg/L], and there was a significant difference (P<0.01). The serum level of soluble B7H4 in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma [(64.51±20.67)μg/L]was higher than that in well differentiated adenocarcinoma[(36.78±13.39)μg/L], mucinous adenocarcinoma[(42.79±12.31)μg/L] , and signetring cell carcinoma[(44.62±12.27)μg/L], and there were significant differences among them (P<0.05). The serum level of soluble B7H4 in gastric cancer before surgical treatment[(58.09±15.28)μg/L]was higher than that in gastric cancer after surgical treatment[(38.58±9.49)μg/L](P<0.01). The serum level of sB7H4 in gastric cancer was positivelycorrelated with serum levels of CEA and CA199(P<0.01). ConclusionA high level of serum soluble B7H4 in gastric cancer has a positive relationship to pathological types, surgical treatment and other serum markers of gastric cancers, which reveals that soluble B7H4 plays an important role in cancer generation and development.

    Relationship between heart rate and best reconstruction phase for coronary CT angiography using dualsource CT
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  103-106. 
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    To investigate the relationship between the optimal reconstruction phase and heart rate and to determine the optimal systolic and diastolic reconstruction intervals for coronary CT angiography using dualsource CT.  MethodsTwo hundred patients suspected of having coronary artery disease(CHD) underwent dualsource computed tomography. Data were reconstructed in 5% steps throughout the RR interval. Two independent readers selected optimal systolic and diastolic reconstruction windows for each major coronary vessel.  ResultsIn most patients with a heart rate >80?bpm, the median optimal systolic reconstruction windows were at 35%, 40%and 35% for RCA,LAD and LCX(2.95±0.86,  3.45±0.44, and 3.10±0.52, P<0.05). In patients with a heart rate ≤80?bpm, the median optimal diastolic reconstruction window was at 75% for all vessels. ConclusionIn patients with heart rates ≤80?bpm, optimal reconstruction windows were at 75% of the RR interval, and in patients with heart rates  > 80?bpm, systolic reconstructions were selected to yield superior image quality.

    Expression of muscarinic receptors in adult human prostatic gland tissues
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  107-110. 
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    To explore the relationship between muscarinic receptor subtypes and prostatic tumor by combining assays of expressions of M1,M2,M3 and CD34 in adult human normal and neoplastic prostatic gland tissues.  MethodsSpecimens of 36 normal prostates(fresh), 36 hyperplasticones(fresh), and 36 cancerous ones(8 fresh) were enrolled in this study. Westernblot and an immunohistochemical method were used to determine expressions of M1,M2,M3 and CD34 protein, and RTPCR to determine expression of the M3 gene.  ResultsRTPCR and westernblot revealed that the genetic expression of M3 receptor was similar to that of its protein expression. M3 receptor′s genetic and protein expressions were higher in prostate cancer tissues(0.84±0.19, 0.48±0.16) than in BPH tissues(0.67±0.16, 0.37±0.15), while they were the lowest in normal prostate tissues(0.54±0.16, 0.27±0.11) with significant differences (P<0.05). CD34′s protein expression(MVD) had the same regularity as the M3 receptor did(P<0.05). ConclusionM1,M2,and M3 receptors have different expressions in the three tissues and the M3 receptor is related to the genesis and development of prostatic tumor. The M3 receptor can be used as a new target for treatment of  prostatic carcinoma.

    Classification and diagnostic prediction of gastric cancer using protein profiling of the serum and bioinformatics
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  111-113. 
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     ObjectiveTo develop a bioinformatics tool and to identify aproteomic pattern in the serum to distinguish gastric cancer from healthy individuals. Methods144 serum samples including 74 gastric cancer patients and 70 healthy individuals were determined by surfaceenhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry. Four peaks were selected to distinguish gastric cancer from healthy individuals.  ResultsThe diagnostic pattern separated gastric cancer from healthy samples with a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 93.6%. ConclusionsUsing SELDI in combination with bioinformatic tools obtained some new biomarkers from gastric cancer patient sera which have a high sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing gastric cancer.

    Psychological intervention for earthquake injured people in offsite areas
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  114-117. 
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    To investigate the effect of psychological intervention on people injured in the Wenchuan earthquake. Methods37 people from Wenchuan treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University received psychological intervention. Patients were subjected to interventions including hem dialysis, cognitive behavior therapy, hypnosis therapy, group guidance and pharmacotherapy in stages. The SQR scale was used to compare the results by setting a self control group before and after the psychological intervention so as to find the best intervention methods. ResultsMost patients had a stable condition and good emotion some time after psychological intervention treatment. The results of the SQR scale showed that interventions for patients from the earthquake area had a good effect. ConclusionThe present study offers empirical evidence for urgent psychological intervention, sums up experiences and considerations of posttraumatic psychological interventions in different places.

    Clinical trial of efficacy and safety of quetiapine and aripiprazole in the treatment of bipolar depression
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  118-121. 
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    To determine the efficacy and safety of quetiapine and aripiprazole in the treatment of bipolar depression. MethodsA total of 80 patients with CCMD3 bipolar disorder experiencing a depressive episode were assigned to two groups treated with quetiapine (n=40) or aripiprazole (n=40) for 8 weeks. Measures included MontgomeryAsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS),Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results After 8 weeks′ of treatment, the total score of MADRS was significantly reduced in both groups (P<0.001). The expulsive rate of the quetiapine group and the aripiprazole group was 12.5% and 15.0%, respectively. The adverse effective rate of the two groups was 22.5% and 35.0%. The total score of PSQI was significantly reduced in both groups after the treatment of 8 weeks (P<0.01). ConclusionQuetiapine and aripiprazole are efficient in the treatment of bipolar depression.

    Female sex hormone levels and perimenopause depression disorder [WT]
    WANG Mengxin, SONG Dongling, CUI Mingfeng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  122-124. 
    Abstract ( 1220 )   PDF (259KB) ( 285 )   Save
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    To investigate the correlation between perimenopause depression disorder and female sex hormone levels. Methods100 perimenopausal women with depression disorder were assessed and 100 perimenopause ones without depression disorder served as controls. The Hamilton Depression Scale was used to evaluate their depressive symptoms. Chemiluminescence Determination was adopted to determine the serum E2 and P levels. Result① Level of E2 had no significant difference between the two groups (18.28±11.65 vs 21.31±10.97,  P>0.05). ②The depression group exhibited a significant increase in P level compared with the controls (0.97±0.25 vs 0.48±0.26, P<0.05). Moreover, the ratio of E2/P was statistically decreased in the depression group in contrast to the control group (21.30±11.97 vs 37.71±15.27, P<0.01). ③A positive correlation was found between P and HAMD, whereas a negative correlation between E2/P and HAMD was demonstrated. ConclusionDysfunction of E2 and P secretion might be involved in the mechanism of perimenopausal depression disorder.

    Protection of aluminum chelating agent against cardiac toxicity in rats exposed to aluminum chloride
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  125-127. 
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    ObjectiveTo explore cardiac toxicity in rats exposed to aluminum chloride (AlCl3), and to evaluate the protection of 1,2dimethyl3hydroxy4pyridone (DFP) against toxicity. Methods35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups by weight. Four groups except for the negative control group were administered aluminum chloride (172.5?mg/(kg·d)) for 8 weeks, then  different dosages of DFP were given for 2 weeks. Activity of LDH, CK and  AST in the serum,  activity of TSOD and GSHPx and  content of essential elements were determined.1 Results Activity of LDH and CK in the serum and  content of MDA in the aluminum group were significantly higher than those in the negative control group (P<0.01).  Activity of GSHPx. and  content of Fe in the cardiac muscle of the Al group were significantly lower than those in the negative group (P<0.01, P<0.05). However, activity of LDH and CK in the DFP group was significantly lower than that in the Al group (P<0.01). Content of Fe in the DFP group was significantly higher than that in the Al group (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences between groups of Zn, Mg, Cu and Ca in cardiac muscle. ConclusionAlCl3 can induce myocardial damage, while  DFP can protect the myocardial  muscle against damage.

    Spatial canonical trend surface models of human population genetic structure analysis
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(8):  128-132. 
    Abstract ( 1059 )   PDF (450KB) ( 249 )   Save
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    To establish a spatial canonical trend surface model of human population genetic structure analysis. MethodsUsing canonical correlation analysis in combination with trend surface analysis,and arcGIS 93 and SAS 913, the spatial canonical trend surface analysis models were set up based on the example of mtDNA system spatial genetic structure analysis. ResultsWith the example of the mtDNA system, the spatial canonical trend surface analysis model quantitatively divided the spatial genetic structure of human population into the genetic and the geographical, and also separated the genetic trend surface which had population genetics importance. ConclusionSpatial canonical trend surface analysis models of human population genetic structure can quantitatively reveal and separate the spatial structure and composition of population genetic structure, and provide statistical proofs of population genetics and anthropology.