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Table of Content

      
    10 June 2011
    Volume 49 Issue 6
    Articles
    Effects of long-term high-protein diet on expressions of IRS2 and GLUT2 in the liver of dietinduced obese rats
    ZHAN Yu-quan, LI Ming-long, CHEN Hai-yan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  1-4. 
    Abstract ( 1080 )   PDF (661KB) ( 372 )   Save
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    Objective     To investigate the effects of long-term high-protein diet on expressions of IRS2 and GLUT2 in the liver of diet-induced obese rats. Methods      Diet-induced obese rat models were established by feeding Wistar rats(n=34) a high-calorie and high-fat diet. The obese male rats were randomly divided into three groups: the high-protein diet group ( HP group, n=12, protein: 36.7% ) , the high-fat diet group (HF group, n=11, fat: 38.3%), and the normal food group ( NC group, n=11 ).The total calorie ingestion of each rat per day was similar and consistent for 24 weeks. After 24 weeks, fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) and fasting blood insulin(FINS ) were assayed and  QUICKI was calculated to evaluate the insulin sensitivity. mRNA and protein expressions of IRS2 and GLUT2 were determined by RT-PCR and the Western blot method. Results     The insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) of the HP group was 11.31% higher(P<0.05)than that of the NC group. Also, among the HP group, the IRS2 mRNA and protein were 16% (P<0.05) and 24%(P<0.05)higher, while the GLUT2 mRNA and protein were 24%(P<0.05) and 25%(P<0.05)higher. However, the corresponding indicators of the HF group, compared with those of the NC group, were remarkably low. Conclusion      A long-term high-protein diet can raise expressions of IRS2 and GLUT2 in the liver of diet-induced obese rats. This may be one of the mechanisms of how a long-term high-protein diet can improve the insulin sensitivity of diet-induced obese rats.

    Effects of improved insulin resistance on the level of serum  glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetic patients
    CHE Xiao-qi, LI Yin-yin, WANG Zhe, CHEN Hai-yan, ZHOU Jie
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  5-7. 
    Abstract ( 867 )   PDF (331KB) ( 290 )   Save
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    Objective     To investigate the therapeutic effects of rosiglitazone on the level of serum glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1). Methods     74 type 2 diabetes patients, who were under insulin and metformin therapy, were divided into two groups: a) study group,  in which 38 patients took use of insulin combined with rosiglitazone (4mg/day, orally) for 6 months; b) control group, including 36 patients. Limosis serum glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1),  glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), and limosis insulin(FINS) were measured by  enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), column chromatography and  chemiluminescence, respectively. The oxidase method was applied to examine the fasting blood glucose(FPG)、 2h postprandial blood glucose(2hPG)、 triglyceride(TG) and total cholesterol(TC).  Changes of blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, blood lipid and GLP-1 were observed before and after treatment. Results      There were no differences in age、years of diabetes mellitus、body mass index and gender between the two groups(P>0.05). In the first group, FPG, 2hFG, HbA1c, FINS,TC, and TG significantly decreased after a 6-month treatment (P<0.05), while the group showed an increased GLP-1 secretion compared with the control(P<0.05). Conclusions      Rosiglitazone can effectively control blood glucose and HbA1c, lower insulin resistance, and increase serum levels of GLP-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes.

    Changes of blood glucose, insulin and cortisol levels in infants of gestational diabetic mothers and healthy macrosomia
    WANG Na, SUN Zheng-yun, WANG He-li, LIN Xia, LIU Yan-e
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  8. 
    Abstract ( 967 )   PDF (349KB) ( 310 )   Save
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    Objective      To investigate changes of blood glucose, serum insulin and cortisol levels in infants of gestational diabetic mothers and healthy macrosomia. Methods    31 neonates of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were involved in the GDM group, 33 full-term newborns of mothers without GDM(birth weight≥4kg)  as the macrosomia group and 35 neonates of mother without GDM(birth weight<4kg) as the normal control group. The level of blood glucose was measured by a microsaccharimeter, and levels of serum insulin and cortisol by eletrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA). Results     Compared with the control group, the glucose level in the GDM group and macrosomia group was significantly lower(P<0.05), whereas insulin and cortisol levels were significantly higher (P<0.05). Compared with the macrosomia group, the glucose level of macrosomias in the GDM group was significantly lower(P<0.05), and the insulin level was significantly higher (P<0.05). The cortisol level of macrosomias was higher in the GDM group, while there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion     There are abnormal levels of blood glucose, serum insulin and cortisol in infants of diabetic mothers and healthy macrosomia. Therefore providing more health guidance to pregnant women during prepregnancy and pregnancy is helpful to reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes and macrosomia.

    Effects of safflor yellow on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
    ZHANG Qing1, ZHENG Dong-yan1, XU Hong-yan2, PAN Yan1, WEI Shu-yi1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  11-14. 
    Abstract ( 910 )   PDF (492KB) ( 269 )   Save
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    Objective    To investigate protective effects of safflor yellow against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods     Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to prepare focal cerebral ischemia. Rectal temperature, ECG, femoral arterial pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in each rat were detected before MCAO, 0.5h after occlusion and 2h after reperfusion. Then effects of safflor yellow were studied by determining neurological deficit, water content of brain tissues, cerebral infarcted zone and pathological changes under a microscope. Results    Safflor yellow could increase rCBF and reduce mean blood pressure(MBP), heart rate(HR), percentage of the infarction area and water content in the cerebral hemisphere, and it could relieve ischemia-induced pathological changes. Conclusion     Safflor yellow can increase rCBF and reduce damage to the autonomic nervous system. It has a protective effect against focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

    Neur-oprotection of Egb761 against glutamate excitotoxicity through inhibiting  glutamate receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons
    LIU Yong1, GU Ying-Hui1, PENG Yan1, ZHOU Guo-ping2, ZHOU Deng-ming2, MIAO Bei3, HOU Xiao-yu1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  15-19. 
    Abstract ( 898 )   PDF (1261KB) ( 241 )   Save
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    Objective    To study the mechanism of neuro-protection of ginkgo biloba leaf extract Egb761 against glutamate excito-toxicity. MethodsEffects of Egb761 on glutamate-induced apoptosis-like neuronal cell death were investigated by DAPI staining and TUNEL. Effects of Egb761 on glutamate-induced whole-cell currents were detected by patch-clamp recording in cultured hippocampal neurons. Results     Egb761 could inhibit glutamate-induced apoptosis-like cell death in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Egb761 could also  dose-dependently inhibit glutamate-induced whole-cell currents, including NMDA receptors and kainate acid(KA) receptors. Conclusion        Egb761 could protect cultured hippocampal neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity through blocking iontrophic glutamate receptors.

    Effects of chronic aluminum toxicity on neuroglial cells in  the hippocampal CA3 area of rats
    JIANG Dong, KANG Chao-sheng, YANG Xiang-bin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  20-23. 
    Abstract ( 936 )   PDF (1344KB) ( 347 )   Save
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    Objective     To observe the effect of chronic aluminum toxicity on glial cells in the hippocampal CA3 area of rats, and to investigate the neurotoxicity of aluminum. Methods     60 4-5-month old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the aluminum exposed group and the normal control group, 15 males and 15 females in each group. After paraffin section and location with HE staining, immunohistochemistry staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), CD11b and galactose cerebroside(GC) was done. The GFAP, CD11b- and GC-positive cells in the hippocampal CA3 area were quantitatively analyzed by the cell morphometric technique. The ultrastructure of neuroglial cells was observed by an electron microscopy. Results      Compared with the normal control group, numbers and average optical densities of GFAP and CD11bpositive cells in the hippocampal CA3 area were significantly increased, while the number and average optical density of GC-positive cells were significantly decreased in the aluminum exposed group. Under an electron microscope, glial cells swelled, the number of mitochondria decreased, crista broke and glial filaments were vague in the aluminum exposed group. Conclusion      Chronic aluminum toxicity can increase numbers of astrocytes and microglia, decrease the number of oligodendrocytes in the hippocampal CA3 area, and change the ultrastructure of glial cells.

    Effect of mild hypothermia at the focal side on expressions of survivin and  caspase-3 in rats after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion
    HUANG Jie1, LI Li-ru2, ZHAO Rui-bo3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  24-27. 
    Abstract ( 891 )   PDF (1446KB) ( 245 )   Save
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    Objective      To explore the therapeutic effect of local mild hypothermia on expressions of survivin and caspase-3, and study the relation of apoptosis inhibiting protein survivin in rats after focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. Methods     The focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model of rats was achieved by intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO). The adult rats were randomly divided into the sham-operation group, the normothermia ischemia and reperfusion group and the hypothermia ischemia and reperfusion group. The ischemic groups maintained ischemia for 2h, 3h, 6h and 8h, and then all were reperfused for 4h, 24h, 72h, 1w and 2w, n=4 per time point. Brain mild hypothermia was achieved 30min after ischemia and reperfusion for 4h. Expressions of survivin and caspase3 were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results      Compared with the normothermia group, mild focal hypothermia greatly increased expression of survivin and obviously decreased expression of caspase-3 in the penumbra(P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion     Focal mild hypothermia  performed 30 minutes after ischemia and maintained to the reperfusion period can reduce the infarct area and accelerate recovery of neurological outcomes. The neuroprotection of mild hypothermia may be related to inhibiting activation of Caspase-3 and enhancing expression of survivin  in the penumbra.

    Effects of chronic arsenic poisoning on GFAP expression in the dentate gyrus of adult mice
    KANG Chao-sheng, SUN Bao-fei, YU Zijiang, LI Yu-fei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  28-32. 
    Abstract ( 856 )   PDF (1139KB) ( 250 )   Save
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    Objective     To investigate activation of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) in the dentate gyrus of adult mice after chronic arsenic poisoning. Methods     80 healthy adult Kunming mice, weighing 20-22g, were divided into four groups: the normal control group, the low-dose group, the mediumdose group and the high-dose group (10 males and 10 females in each group). Mice in the four groups were respectively fed with distilled water, 1/5 LD50, 1/10 LD50 and 1/40 LD50 AS2O3 for 3 months, and the dosage was adjusted according to changes of weight. Then ability of learning and memory was tested by a Y-maze, and expression of the GFAP protein in the dentate gyrus by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results     Ability of learning and memory in the high-dose group was significantly lower than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that the number of GFAP-positive cells in the dentate gyrus was significantly more increased in the dose groups compared with the normal control group(P<0.01), and the average optical density was also increased (P<0.01). Western blot results showed the GFAP protein content increased with the dosage increasing (P<0.01).  Conclusion     Chronic arsenic poisoning might damage ability of learning and memory in mice, which may be related to proliferation of astroeytes and expression of GFAP in the dentate gyrus.

    Effect of advanced glycation end products on expression of the β-amyloid  protein in SH-SY5Y cells and its related mechanism
    XU Song, GAO Shun-zong, LIU Xue-ping,WANG Mei-xia, DONG Chuan-fang, HOU Liang, YUAN Shu-hua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  33. 
    Abstract ( 1175 )   PDF (854KB) ( 416 )   Save
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    Objective     To investigate the effect of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) on expressions of the β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and its related enzymes in cultured SHSY5Y cells, and explore the effect and possible mechanism of AGEs on Alzheimer′s disease(AD) the cell level. MethodsCultured SH-SY5Y cells were randomly divided into four groups: the blank control group, the AGE-modified bovine serum albumin (AGEs-BSA) group, the AGEs-BSA+anti-receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE) group and the BSA group. The MTT metabolic rate was employed to determine cells′ growth and best concentration and time of the AGEs-BSA. Immunocytochemistry and ELISA were used to observe expressions of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. Western blot was employed to examine changes of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), β- secretion enzyme1(BACE1) and presenilin1(PS1) in SH-SY5Y cells. Results     There was no difference in APP, BACE1, PS-1and Aβ between the blank control group and the BSA group(P>0.05). Immunocytochemistry and ELISA results indicated that expression of Aβ in cells was significantly higher in AGEs-BSA and AGEs-BSA+antiRAGE groups than in the BSA group (P<0.05), and it was lower in the AGEs-BSA+antiRAGE group than that in the AGEs-BSA group (P<0.05). Western blot showed that APP,  BACE1 and PS1 levels in SH-SY5Y cells were elevated in AGEs-BSA and AGEs-BSA+antiRAGE groups compared with the BSAgroup(P<0.05), and concentrations of them in the AGEsBSA+antiRAGE group were lower than those in the AGEsBSA group(P<0.05).  Conclusion     AGEs-BSA promotes expression of APP, and it promotes expression of Aβ by up-regulating activities of BACE1 and PS1. The blocking combination of AGEs-BSA and its receptor(RAGE) reduces expressions of APP, BACE1, PS1 and Aβ.

    Resistance and tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin
    GAO Chao1,2, HU Ming2, BAI Hua2, QI Jing2, ZHU Xiao-ling2, LIU Chang-bin3, SHAN Hu1, Qin Xiao-bing1, LIU Yu-qing2, GAO Pei-ji3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  38-45. 
    Abstract ( 1078 )   PDF (834KB) ( 309 )   Save
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    Objective     To study and discriminate the resistance and tolerance of P.aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin. Methods      MICs of fluoroquinolones against 33 strains of P.aeruginosa, isolated from farm and hospital together with P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and its high resistant mutant strain PA34 consecutively induced by ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime in vitro, were determined with broth microdilution method.Among the clinic strains,  and five multi-drug resistant strains were selected for the following study. The resistance-determining region (QRDR) was sequenced to determine the mutations for fluoroquinolone resistance. The activities of the efflux pump in different resistant phenotypes of P.aeruginosa were detected by fluorescent colorimetric method, also mRNA expression of the efflux pump, the transmembrane transporter protein and fluoroquinolones target enzymes were detected by the fluorescence quantitative PCR method.  Result    Compared with that of ATCC 27853, the activities of the efflux pumps of the five clinic resistant strains of P.aeruginosa remarkably increased(P<0.01), and efflux pumps and fluoroquinolones target enzymes were overexpressed while mRNA expression of the trans-membrane transporter protein comparatively declined. There was a point-mutation in gyrA at Thr83→Ile for each of the five resistance phenotypic strains. However, their MICs were far below that of the induced super high-esistant mutant strain PA34 in which the gyrA mutation occurred at Thr-83→Ile, parC mutations occurred at Glu-84→Gln、Gln-91→Lys and mRNA expression of the transmembrane transporter protein declined in the extreme.    ConclusionTo resist fluoroquinolones, P.aeruginosa can develop any possible  phenotype, which can be genitically disciiminated as resistance(gyrA, parC mutation) or tolerance(adaptive expression of efflux pumps protein, the tran-smembrane transporter protein and fluoroquinolones target enzymes).  The new evolutionary taxonomy facilitates the focus on the simplex study of resistance mutation.

    Protective effect of PGP-containing mouse serum on HepG2 cells  injured by CCl4 and its possible mechanism
    GONG Xiu1, WU Hai-jian1, WANG Yu-zhuo1, XIE Shan-shan1, YANG Yi-tian1, LI Jiang-bing1, LI Xia1, SONG Shu-liang2, FENG Yu-xin1, XIN Hua1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  46. 
    Abstract ( 866 )   PDF (777KB) ( 361 )   Save
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    Objective     To investigate the protective effect of gynostemma pentaphyllum makino polysaccharide(PGP)containing mouse serum on HepG2 cells injured by a 70% carbon tetrachloride(CCl4) saturated medium. Methods     PGP-containing mouse serum was collected from PGP-treated mice. HepG2 cells used in the experiment were divided into the following groups: the control group, the CCl4 injury group and the PGP-containing mouse serum protection groups with different concentrations of PGP. A 70% CCl4 saturated medium was used to induce HepG2 cell injury in all groups except the control group.  Cell morphological change was observed under a brightfield microscope, cell viability by 4-methyl- tetrazolium (MTT) chromatometry, the degree of cell damage by measuring supernatant alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and aspartate aminotransferase (GOT) activities, and expression level of the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the CCl4 injury group, the PGP-containing serum protection groups had significant morphological improvement, and their survival rate was significantly higher(P<0.05). ALT and AST activities in the supernatant were significantly decreased (P<0.05) while expression level of CYP2E1 was increased.The protective effect was the most obvious in the 48mg·kg-1·d-1 PGP-containing serum protection group. Conclusion     Pre-treatment of PGP-containing mouse serum is shown to possess a significant protective effect on HepG2 cells injured by CCl4 especially at 4-8mg·kg-1·d-1.

    Effects of taurine on Bcl-2 and Bax expressions in rats with  liver injury after limb ischemiareperfusion
    ZHANG Na, ZHANG Lian-yuan, DONG Shu-yun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  50. 
    Abstract ( 812 )   PDF (1072KB) ( 248 )   Save
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    Objective    To investigate changes of Bcl-2 and Bax expressions and apoptosis in liver injured rats following limb ischemia-reperfusion(LIR), and explore the preventive effect of taurine on liver injury. Methods     30 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group, the IR group and the taurine+IR(TR) group (n=10 in each). The levels of MDA, MPO and calcium in liver tissues were measured. Expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax in liver tissues were tested by the immunohistochemical method. Apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL method. Results     It was found that compared with the control group, test values of MDA, MPO and calcium and the percentage of apoptosis cells significantly increased in the IR group and TR group, while values of those in the TR group were lower than in the IR group. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the ratio of Bcl2/Bax was lower in the IR group than in the control group, while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was significantly higher and the percentage of apoptosis cells was significantly lower in the TR group than in the IR group. Conclusion     Taurine may have a protective effect on liver cells and can reduce occurrence of apoptosis after hind limb ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. The mechanism may be that it decreases generation of oxygen free radicals and overload of calcium,and increases expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax genes.

    Effect and mechanism of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway on  proliferation of embryonic carcinoma cells
    ZHANG Shuai, LI Yi, WU Yu-ling, SHI Kun, BING Lu-jun, HAO Jing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  53-58. 
    Abstract ( 836 )   PDF (1489KB) ( 355 )   Save
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    Objective     To explore the role and mechanism of  the Wnt/β-catenin pathway on proliferation of embryonic carcinoma cells(EC). Methods     P19 cells, a mouse EC cell line, were divided into four groups: the normal control group(con), the RA group (medium with RA), the SB group(medium with GSK3β inhibitor SB216763), and SB+RA group (medium with both SB216763 and RA). At different culture times, immunofluorescence staining, RT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to observe expression of β-catenin, Oct4 and C-myc. BrdU labeling and MTT were used to measure cell proliferation. Results      The addition of SB216763 improved the nuclear location of β-catenin, high expression of Oct4 and C-myc, blocked P19 cell differentiation induced by RA, and dramatically promoted P19 cell proliferation. Conclusion      Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could promote proliferation and inhibit differentiation of mouse EC cells by upregulating C-myc expression.

    Rapamycin to prevent artery restenosis after stent implantation: an  intravascular ultrasound study
    SHAO Na, CHEN Wen-qiang, LI Da-qing, YOU Bei-an, AN Gui-peng, QI Tian-jun, XU Fu-biao, HU Xiao-bo, DU Jin-ling, YANG Min, WANG Chen
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  59-63. 
    Abstract ( 866 )   PDF (619KB) ( 233 )   Save
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    Objective     To identify the effect of oral administered rapamycin on the prevention of restenosis after stent implantation with intravascular ultrasound(IVUS). Methods    Forty New Zealand White rabbits underwent balloon-induced abdominal aortic wall injury and were given a diet of 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks. Then, they were divided into five groups: the control group, the oral rapamycin group(RAPA group), the bare metal stent group(BMS group), the bare metal stent with oral rapamycin group(BMS+RAPA group) and the rapamycin eluting stent group(DES group). Rabbits in the RAPA and BMS+RAPA groups received a daily oral dose of rapamycin(0.5mg/kg), whereas rabbits in other groups received no medications. All the rabbits were euthanized after the 4-week intervention. Serum lipids were measured and intravascular ultrasound(IVUS) was performed. The minimal luminal diameter(MLD), external elastic membrane(EEM) area, lumen area(LA), and plaque area(PA), plaque burden(PB) were measured, and thelumen eccentricity index, remodeling index and lumen reduction were calculated.  Results     After the 4-week intervention, there was no significant difference of serum lipid levels among the five groups. Oral administration of rapamycin in the RAPA and BMS+RAPA groups showed similar effects in  reducing PA and PB as the DES group, which all were better than the control and BMS group. The BMS+RAPA group and DES group showed much more MLD and less lumen reduction, compared with the BMS group(P<0.05). Conclusions     Oral administration of rapamycin demonstrates the same effect in the reduction of plaque burden and stent restenosis as the rapamycin eluting stent.

    Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits atherosclerosis progression and  promotes plaque stability in a rabbit model
    LI Ting-ting1, GUO Yuan1, ZHAO Yu-xia2, ZHANG Jian-ning3, PENG Jie1, ZHANG Yun1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  64-70. 
    Abstract ( 883 )   PDF (3375KB) ( 246 )   Save
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    Objective     To explore the role of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) in plaque progression and stabilization in atherosclerotic rabbits. Methods     After abdominal aortic balloon injury, 45 male New Zealand White rabbits were fed with an atherogenic diet for 24 weeks. From week 12 to week 24, animals were randomly divided into three groups, respectively receiving intraperitoneal injection of hemin to induce HO-1(hemin group), Sn-protoporphyrin IX (SnPP) to inhibit HO-1(SnPP group), and vehicle as controls. Vulnerable plaques were established by local transfection with the p53 gene, and challenged with injection of Russell′s viper venom and histamine to induce plaque rupture. Then all the rabbits were killed and their abdominal aortas were taken out to undergo pathological examination. Immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR were performed to determine expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Results    Hemin induced an increase in HO-1 mRNA, protein and enzyme activity in atherosclerotic plaques. This induction was correlated with a reduction in the progression of plaque size and modulations in morphological features and plaque composition toward increased stabilization, ie, thicker fibrous cap, more intra-plaque smooth muscle cells and collagen content, and less macrophages and lipid content. Additionally, expressions of inflammatory mediators, including matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factorα were also lowered by hemin treatment (all P<0.01). In contrast, SnPP treatment induced a reverse effect and augmented plaque progression and vulnerability. After pharmacological triggering, plaque rupture appeared in 5 rabbits in the control group(33%), 12 in the SnPP group (80%, P<0.05) and none in the hemin group (0%, P<0.05). Conclusion      HO-1 inhibits progression of advanced atherosclerotic plaques and promotes plaque stability, probably by modulating plaque composition and attenuating plaque inflammation.

    Inhibitory effect of the Qindan capsule on proliferation and migration of adventitial fibroblasts
    REN Min1, L Yi-jing1, ZHANG Ji-dong1, Wang Bo1, LIU Ping2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  71. 
    Abstract ( 819 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 153 )   Save
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    Objective     To investigate effect and mechanism of Qindan capsule(QC)-containing serum on proliferation and migration of adventitial fibroblasts (AF). Methods     AFs from the thoracic aorta of rats were cultured in vitro by a tissue explant. The proliferation and migration of AF affected by siRNA-Smad2 and QC-containing serum with high [750mg/(kg·d)] or low doses [150mg/(kg·d)] were detected by MTT and Transwell. mRNA and protein expressions of Smad2 and Smad7 were observed by realtime PCR and Western blot, respectively. Results     After stimulation by TGF-β1 for 24 h, the proliferation and migration of AF were higher compared with those untreated. Knockdown of Smad2 and QC-containing serum with high and low doses inhibited proliferation and migration of AF(P<0.05). And drug-containing serum could downregulate expression of Smad2, while up-regulating expression of Smad7(P<0.01). Conclusion    QC-containing serum has a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation and migration of AF induced by TGF-β1. The mechanism may be related to the TGF-β1/ Smads signaling pathway.

    Therapeutic effect and anti-free radical injury of  emodin on acute radiation enteritis
    ZHOU Dong-zhi, LIU Wen, LI Yue-jun, XIA Xin-xin, WANG Yu, LIU Yong-hui
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  76-79. 
    Abstract ( 874 )   PDF (609KB) ( 306 )   Save
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    Objective     To investigate therapeutic effects and mechanism of emodin on rats with acute radiation enteritis. Methods     53 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: the normal group, the model group, the emodin group and the Baitouwengtang (BTWT) group. Except for the normal group, all groups were given a single dose of 10Gy 6MV higher-energy x-rays on the abdominal region to establish acute radiation enteritis models. After radiation, all the rats were intragastricly administered daily. After 7 days of intragastric administration, 10mL ileum in the ileocecal junction was collected as samples under the condition of general anesthesia. Morphological indices were measured by using a light microscope and image analysis system. Intestinal nitric oxide (NO) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by a spectrophotometer. Results    The emodin group had more significantly increased height of villus, depth of crypt, and thickness of mucosa and entire wall than the model group did(P<0.05), while there were no differences between the emodin group and the BTWT group(P>0.05). The emodin group had clearly decreased NO and MDA levels and clearly increased SOD activities in the intestine compared with the model group(P<0.05). The emodin group had clearly decreased NO levels compared with the BTWT group, while there was no difference in MDA levels and SOD activities between the emodin group and the BTWT group. Conclusion      Emodin can relieve intestinal mucosa damage in acute radiation enteritis model rats, reduce NO and MDA generation in the intestinal tissue, and improve SOD activity in the intestinal tissue.

    Reparation and cellular biocompatibility of chitosan thermo-sensitive  hydrogel membranes for guided tissue regeneration
    LIANG Jie1, CUI Jun1, SUN Kangning2, XU Xin1,3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  80. 
    Abstract ( 827 )   PDF (889KB) ( 272 )   Save
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    Objective     To observe the film-forming property and evaluate the cellular biocompability of chitosan/β-Glycerophosphate salt (CS/β-GP) thermosensitive hydrogel membrane for guided tissue regeneration(GTR). Methods     A new composite membrane was synthesized by molecular self-assembly technique using the thermal phase inversion property of the CS/β-GP system. The chemical structure of the membrane was analyzed by infrared spectrometer and the tensile strength was measured by a universal testing machine. The proliferation of mouse fibroblasts (L929 cells) in vitro was preliminarily evaluated by MTT assay, which was categorized into 3 groups: experimental group A(2%CS+0.5gβ-GP), experimental group B(2%CS+1.0gβ-GP) and the control group. Results    Infrared spectrum analysis suggested that a new composite was formed through the chemical bonds between CS and β-GP molecules. The tensile strength of the membrane slightly decreased with an increase of βGP. MTT assay showed that the difference between the A value of the experimental group and that of the control group on day 3,4 and 5 when cultured with L929 cells was not significant(P>0.05). Conclusion    The CS/β-GP composite demonstrates a film-forming property and good cellular biocompability which should be a promising biomaterial for GTR membrane fabrication.

    Effects of trichostatin A and docetaxel on apoptosis and  α-tubulin in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells
    ZHANG Qun-cheng, MA Han-chen, SHAO Yang, ZHANG Dong, JIANG Shu-juan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  84-88. 
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     Objective    To investigate the effect of administration of trichostatin A(TSA) and docetaxel(Doc) on apoptosis and α-tubulin in lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells.     Methods    The cell inhibition ratio was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed using Hoechst 33258 staining and the cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Protein expression of Acetyl-α-tubulin was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results     Doc significantly inhibited the growth of A549 cells, and combined treatment with TSA induced severer apoptosis. The cell cycle was more markedly arrested in the G2/M phase  compared with the single drug(P<0.05). TSA and Doc increased protein expression of Acetyl-α-tubulin. Conclusion      TSA induces sensitivity to Doc treatment in A549 cells through up-regulation of acetyl-α-tubulin.

    Relationship of expressions of RRM1 and ERCC1 proteins with  response and prognosis in advanced NSCLC patients receiving  cisplatin combined with gemcitabine chemotherapy
    YANG Ning, HAN Jun-qing, SHENG Wei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  89-93. 
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    Objective    To explore the relationship of expressions of ribonucleotide reductase M1 RRM1 and excision repair cross complementation 1(ERCC1) proteins with response and prognosis of patients with advanced(IIIB-IV) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving cisplatin combined with gemcitabine (GP) chemotherapy. Methods     Clinical pathological data from 47 advanced NSCLC patients who received GP chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed, and their tumor samples were collected.  Expressions of RRM1 and ERCC1 proteins in tumor samples were detected by the immunohistochemical method. The therapeutic effect and survival time were analyzed. Results     RRM1 and ERCC1 positive rates were 46.81%(22/47)and 42.55%(20/47), respectively. There was no correlation of RRM1 and ERCC1 expressions with gender,age, PS scores, pathological type,TNM stage and smoking. The overall response rate was 36.17%(17/47). Response rates were 18.18%(4/22) and 52.00%(13/25) respectively in patients with high and low RRM1 expressions(P=0.016), while they were 20.00%(4/20) and 48.15%(13/27)in patients with high and low ERCC1 expressions,  respectively(P=0.047). Low expression of RRM1 or ERCC1 protein was correlated with longer median overall survival (14.1 months, 14.1 months), while the median overall survival of high expression ofRRM1 or ERCC1 protein was 6.8months and 7.1months, respectively(P=0.008,0.017). Patients with low expressions of both RRM1 and ERCC1 proteins had longer median overall survival(14.8 months) than those with high expressions of RRM1 and/or ERCC1(7.6months)(P=0.012). Cox regression analysis revealed that the TNM stage was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions     Expressions of RRM1 and ERCC1 proteins have a negative correction with the response to GP chemotherapy and prognosis. Advanced NSCLC patients with low expression of RRM1 or ERCC1 may get more benefits from GP chemotherapy.

    Expressions of HIF-1α and P53 in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma with mixed subtypes and their significance
    LI Zhen-xiang1, DU Jia-jun1, LIN Xiao-yan2, MU Xue-ru1, WANG Li-guang1, LIU Qi1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  94-98. 
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    Objective     To investigate different expressions and correlation of HIF-1α and P53 in bronchioloalveolar carcinoma(BAC) and lung adenocarcinoma with bronchioloalveolar features(ADWBF). Methods     Clinico-pathological factors and paraffin-embedded samples of BAC and ADWBF patients were collected. Clinical data were compared between the two groups.HIF-1α and P53 expressions were detected using the SP immunohistochemical method. Difference and correlation between HIF-1α and P53 expressions in the two groups were analyzed by χ2  test. Results     Statistical analysis showed a significant difference existed in gender and tumor size between BAC and ADWBF(P<0.05). Positive rates of HIF-1α expression in the BAC group and ADWBF group were 25.0%(8/32) and 49.3%(34/69), respectively. Positive rates of P53 expression in the BAC group and ADWBF group were 6.3%(2/32) and 26.1%(18/69), respectively. There was a statistical difference in HIF-1α and P53 expressions between the two groups  (P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between HIF-1α and P53 expressions(P<0.05,rp=0.338). Conclusion    HIF-1α and P53 synergistically play important roles in pathogenesis and progression of lung adenocarcinoma.

    Effects of high glucose on expressions of connective tissue growth  factor and its receptor in cultured human mesangial cells
    LI Xue-gang, LIU Hai-ying, LIU Gang, SUN Yun, LI Juan, GUAN Guang-ju
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  99. 
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    Objective     To explore effects of high glucose on expressions of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)and its receptor-low density lipoprotein receptor related protein(LRP), and investigate the possible signaling pathway for modulation in cultured human mesangial cells(HMC) exposed to high glucose. Methods     Sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was employed to determine concentration changes of CTGF, phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinase(pERK) and LPR in HMC culture solution in the normal glucose group, the high glucose group and the mannitol glucose group. Effects of high glucose on expressions of CTGF protein and its receptor LRP, and activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPKS)signaling pathway were observed. Results     Lower basal levels of CTGF protein were observed in cultured HMC. Higher levels of CTGF protein were detected in the high glucose group on the 1st day, reached a peak on the 3rd day(P<0.05), and then began to decrease on the 4th day(P>0.05). The levels of CTGF in normal glucose and mannitol glucose groups did not notably change. A high glucose substratum induced the phosphorylation of ERK at the 1st hour,  reached a peak at 8h, maintained active at 824h, and then began to decrease to the basal level at 48h. However, no expression of pERK was detected in the normal glucose and mannitolglucose groups. Effect of high glucose on expression of CTGF protein was counteracted by intercepting phosphorylation of ERK with PD98059(a specific ERK activation inhibitor). Also, high glucose did not affect expression of LRP protein in each group. Conclusion     High glucose influences expression of CTGF through the pERK-dependent signaling pathway in cultured HMC, while high glucose does not affect expression of LRP in HMC.

    Plasma osmotic pressure score in predicting prognosis of  patients with hepatorenal syndrome 
    CUI Hai-bin1, CUI Su-nan2, WANG Ming-ming2, ZHANG Xiu-zhen2, LIU Kui-hua2, GUO Nan1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  103-106. 
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    Objective     To investigate the  usefulness of the plasma osmotic pressure score in predicting prognosis of patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Methods    A total of 106 patients enrolled in the study were divided into a survival group (30 cases) and a death group (76 cases) by the prognosis in  a 3-month follow-up. Five scores were performed: plasma crystal osmotic pressure score, plasma colloid osmotic pressure score, total plasma osmotic pressure  score (the two combined), model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and Child-Pugh score  and these  scores were compared in terms of reliability when used to predict the prognosis of HRS. Results    The  values  for the death group evaluated by all but the crystal osmotic pressure score were significantly higher than those for the survival group(P<0.01). The area under curve(AUC)values of the Child-Pugh score, the MELD score and the total plasma osmotic pressure score were  all above 0.7,  while those of the other two scores were both below 0.7.  The Youden′s indexes were in the order of  the total plasma osmotic pressure score>the MELD score>the Child-Pugh score. Conclusions     The total plasma osmotic pressure  score, the MELD score and the Child-Pugh score can  reliably predict prognosis of HRS patients, with the total plasma osmotic pressure score showing the best correlation with prognosis.

    Comparison of therapeutic effects between laparoscopic pyeloureterolithotomy and open surgery
    ZHAI Heng, JIAO Wei, YAN Lei, WANG Kun, XU Zhong-hua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  107. 
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    Objective     To study therapeutic effects of abdominal laparoscopic pyeloureterolithotomy and open surgery on treating renal pyelic calculi and upper segment ureteral calculi, and evaluate the value of laparoscopy. Methods     84 patients were included in this study and all underwent pyeloureterolithotomy, 28 by abdominal laparoscopy(group A) and 56 by open surgery(group B). The data of basics(age, sex, height, weight and medical history), stone characteristics (size and location), operation(operating time and bleeding volume), complication rate, postoperation(recovery of intestinal function and ambulation after operation), cost of hospitalization and hospital stay time were retrospectively analyzed. Results     All surgeries in groups A and B were successful. The basics, stone characteristics and complication rate showed no significant difference. Group A had less average bleeding volume in operation, quicker recovery of intestinal function and ambulation after operation, and shorter hospital stay than group B(P<0.05).While group B had shorter operating time and less cost of hospitalization(P<0.05). Conclusion     Laparoscopic pyeloureterolithotomy has the characteristics of mini-invasion, little bleeding and quick recovery. It has the same indications as open surgery, and may replace open surgery under given conditions.

    Expression and significance of PDCD4 and TGF-β1 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
    KONG Hai-li, MA Dao-xin, ZHANG Jingjing, WANG Hui-jun, LIU Chuan-fang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  110-114. 
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    Objective     To investigate expressions and relationship of PDCD4 and TGF-β1 in the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML). Methods    RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blotting were used to detect  mRNA and protein expression of PDCD4 and TGF-β1 in 30 newly diagnosed AML patients, 30 AML patients who had reached complete remission (AML-CR) and 20 patients with iron deficiency anemia(IDA)as controls.   The correlation between PDCD4 and TGF-β1 was further analyzed.  Results     The results of RT-PCR indicated that mRNA expression of PDCD4 and TGF-β1 in the newly diagnosed  AML group was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05). Though the AML-CR group was higher than the AML group, the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The results of ELISA showed that the level of TGFβ1 in  the newly diagnosed AML group was significantly lower than the other two groups(P<0.05). The results of Western blotting indicated that the expression of PDCD4 protein in the AML group was significantly lower than the control group and the AML-CR group (P<0.05). PDCD4 and TGF-β1 expression showed a positive correlation(P<0.05). Conclusion    PDCD4 and TGF-β may play important roles in the occurrence and development of AML, and might have a synergistic effect.

    A comparison between autologous bone graft and bone-filled titanium mesh  cage graft in the treatment of lumbar spinal tuberculosis
    LI Ren-jie, CHEN Hai, LUO Yuan-jian, LU Yu-yan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  115. 
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    Objective     To study the surgical effect of autologous bone graft vs. bone-filled titanium mesh cage graft in the treatment of short-segment lumbar spinal tuberculosis. Method    Forty-two cases of lumbar spinal tuberculosis were treated between January 2006 to and September 2009.  23 of them were given an autologous bone graft plus a simple screw-rod fixation (group A) and the other 19 were treated with bone-filled titanium mesh graft plus a screw-rod fixation (group B). All the patients were subjected to 2-week pre-surgery intensive antituberculosis medication , and this continued on a regular basis for 1 year post-surgery. After 6 weeks of being constrained to bed following the surgery, all the patients were gradually able to get up with the support of a waist protector.  Result     No recurrence happened during the follow-up period of 6 months to 3 years (average 2 years). All the incisions acquired satisfactory primary healing. A significant improvement for the JOA score was noted after surgery in both groups(P<0.001), while the difference between the two groups was not significant(P>0.05). Further, the two groups did not exhibit much difference in the improvement of clinical symptoms, recovery of neurological function, surgery-reduced angles, bone fusion, and Cobb angles loss during the long-term follow-up. Neither internal fixation loosening nor obvious titanium mesh cage shifting and nor subsidence were noticed. Conclusion     For short segment (1 or 2) lumbar spinal tuberculosis, treatments with bone graft and titanium mesh cage graft achieved similar and satisfactory results.

    Real-time effect of different concentrations of tea on  gastroesophageal reflux
    YAN Xiao-qing, HAO Hong-sheng, YANG Yi-zuo, LV Guo-ping, SUN Li-juan, LU Xiao-heng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  119-124. 
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    Objective     To evaluate short real-time effect of different concentrations of tea on gastroesophageal reflux. Methods      57 patients were divided into four groups A, B, C and D. A randomized self-control together with blank-control trail was applied. Using combined esophageal multichannel intruluminal impedance and pH monitoring, patients drank different kinds of tea immediately after lunch, and they were tested during 2h after tea drinking and compared with 2h after breakfast without tea. Tested indexes included esophageal acid exposure time, gastroesophageal reflux episodes, acid clear time and symptoms. Results     Group A(15 patients, 3g tea) and group D(12 patients,  drinking water) had no significant difference in all indexes between 2h after tea drinking and 2h without tea(P>0.05).  In group B(15 patients, 6g tea) and group C(15 patients, 9g tea), weakly acidic reflux episodes, non-acid reflux episodes, mixed reflux episodes, total reflux episodes and acid clear time in the Z1 channel significantly increased after tea drinking compared with 2h without tea and groups A and D(P<0.05). In group C, percentages of pH<4 after tea drinking, acidic reflux episodes and acid clear time in Z2 and Z3 channels were all greatly increased after tea drinking compared with 2h without tea and groups A,B and D(P<0.05). No difference in clinical symptoms was found between pre-and post-drinking in each group and among the four groups(P>0.05). Conclusion     Drinking weak tea has no effect on gastroesophageal reflux in a short time. Drinking strong tea may give rise to higher esophageal acid exposure, more reflux episodes and longer acid clear time.

    The significance of detection of plasm sHLA-G for early diagnosis of gastric cancer
    DU Lu-tao1, WANG Chuan-xin1, XIAO xiao-yan2, ZHENG Ni1, ZHANG Xin1, ZHANG Xu-hua3, WANG Li-li1, WANG Shun1, DONG Zhao-gang1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  125-129. 
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    Objective    To detect expression of sHLA-G in the patients with gastric cancer or precancerous lesions, and to explore its diagnostic significance.  Methods    sHLA-G was detected by ELISA in 82 cases with gastric cancer, 39 cases with gastric intraepithelial neoplassia, 36 cases with atrophic gastritis, 52 cases with superficial gastritis and 67 cases of healthy controls, while the levels of carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) was also simultaneously detected. The diagnostic value of sHLAG and its correlations with clinicopathological features were analyzed.  Results     The level of sHLA-G was significantly higher in gastric cancer  than those in gastric intraepithelial neoplassia, atrophic gastritis, superficial gastritis and the control group(P<0.001, respectively). The level of sHLA-G was significantly higher in gastricintraepithelial neoplassia than that in the control group(P<0.05). The levels of CEA in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in the healthy control, superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and gastric intraepithelial neoplassia(P<0.01, respectively). ROC curve analysis showed that AUC for sHLA-G was 0.814, which was significantly higher when compared with the AUC of CEA(0.692, P=0.01). The combined AUC of sHLA-G and CEA was 0.846, which was significantly higher when compared with the AUC of sHLA-G or CEA(P<0.05; P<0.001). The cutoff value of sHLA-G for diagnosis was 101.37U/mL, while the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate were 73.2%, 82.5%, 63.8%, 87.9% and 79.7%, respectively. The level of sHLA-G in gastric cancer was significantly correlated with age and tumor size (P<0.05, respectively), and  no significant correlations between the level of sHLA-G and other clinicopathological factors were identified(P>0.05, respectively).  Conclusions     HLA-G plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of gastric cancer, and detection of sHLA-G is helpful for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer and its precancerous lesions. Therefore, sHLA-G might serve clinically as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.

    Prospective study of weight loss during radiotherapy in  nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    QIU Chen1, YANG Ning2, TIAN Guang-liang1, LIU Hui-zhong1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  130-133. 
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    Objective    To measure weight loss during radiotherapy, and locate predictive factors for early malnutrition.  Methods     The baseline of 159 newly diagnosed nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)patients were collected. Patients′ weights were measured at the initial visit and at the end of radiotherapy. A stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to find the association between the baseline and malnutrition. Results     At baseline, 56% of the patients already demonstrated 5% weight loss during the previoas three months. After treatment, the median weight loss was 6.9(range, 2.1-12.6)kg. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that 8 factors were associated with significant weight loss, including global quality of life, body mass index(BMI), N stage, insomnia, radiation techniques, Karnofsky performance score(KPS), concomitant chemoradiation and fatigue. Conclusions     Severe weight loss during  radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma is common. Factors, including global quality of life and body mass index, are independent prognostic factors for weight loss.

    Expression of decoy receptor 3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and  its correlation with tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes
    HAO Xiao-rui, LU Xue-feng, SUN Na, LIU Sheng-nan, LIU Liang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  134. 
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    Objective     To investigate expression of decoy receptor 3(DcR3)in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to explore its correlation with tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL).  Methods     Expressions of DcR3 and TIL were detected in lesions of ESCC (n=60) by SABC immunohistochemistry. An analysis was performed to search for a possible correlation between DcR3 expression and clinicopathological factors including TIL. Results     Expression of DcR3 was higher in ESCC than  in normal tissues (P<0.05). Further, expression of DcR3 was related to the tumor’s state of differentiation and infiltration depth (P<0.05), but not to the age, sex, tumor size, lymph nodes metastasis and pathological type (P>0.05). The average number of TIL was smaller in ESCC with positive DcR3 expression than  in that with negative expression (P<0.05).  Conclusion     Elevated expression of DcR3 in ESCC might promote tumor genesis and progression by blocking apoptosis and evading the immune surveillance. The detection of DcR3 expression is indicative of the malignance of ESCC.

    Expression of regulatory T cells and helper T lymphocytes in the peripheral  blood of pregnancy induced hypertension women
    CAO Xia, WANG Lian-lian, LUO Xi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  137-139. 
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    Objective    To analyze expressions of regulatory T cells and  helper T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) women. Methods     27 PIH women were selected to detect regulatory T cells (CD+4CD+25 Treg and CD+4CD+25 Foxp3+Treg) and helper T lymphocytes (CD+3、CD+4、CD+8、CD+4/CD+8) in the peripheral blood, and the testing results were compared with another 20 normal pregnant women during the same hospitalization. Results     Levels of CD+4CD+25 Treg and CD+4CD+25 Foxp3+ Treg of the regulatory T cells in the PIH women were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05-0.01).  Level of CD+4/CD+8 of helper T lymphocytes in the PIH women was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.050.01), but level of CD+8 in the PIH women was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05-0.01). Conclusion     It is clearly indicated that expressions of  regulatory T cells and  helper T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of PIH women are out of the normal range.

    Expression of integrin αvβ3 on NK cells of women with  early pregnancy or missed abortion
    YIN Xian-ming1, DONG Bai-hua1, ZHANG Yun2, SU Shi-li1, DONG Zhao-gang2, QU Xun2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  140. 
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    Objective     To analyze ratios of CD56+CD16- and CD56+CD16+ NK cells and expression of integrinαvβ3 on the cell surface in the peripheral blood and decidua in women with early pregnancy or missed abortion. Methods     Peripheral blood samples were collected from women with early pregnancy or missed abortion, and decidual NK cells were isolated from the fresh decidua by mechanical trituration and Ficoll gradient centrifugation. Fluorescent intensity of integrinαvβ3 was detected by FCM. Results     Compared with the peripheral blood of early pregnancy women, percentages of CD56+CD16- NK cells rose while percentages of CD56+CD16+ NK cells decreased in the decidua(P<0.01). And there was no significant difference in percentages of CD56+CD16- NK cells and in percentages of CD56+CD16+ NK cells between early pregnancy and missed abortion women(P>0.05). Compared with early pregnancy women, missed abortion women had decreased expression ofαvβ3 on decidual CD56+CD16- NK cells and increased fluorescent intensity of αvβ3 (P<0.05). Conclusion     NK cells and integrin αvβ3 play important roles in the process of embryo implantation and decidualization of normal pregnancy. Abnormal expression of αvβ3 on decidual CD56+CD16- NK cells may be the immunity cause of missed abortion.

    Expression and significance of the HMGB1 protein  in endometrial adenocarcinoma
    MA Ben-hong1, ZHANG Gui-yu1, LIANG Jing1, ZU Zeng-yan2, LI Yue1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  144-148. 
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    Objective    To investigate expression of HMGB1 (high mobility group box1) in human endometrial adenocarcinoma and ECC-1, HEC-1-a and KLE cells, and explore its relation with the clinical characteristic. Methods     Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect expression of HMGB1 in 45 atypical hyperplasia endometria, 120 endometrial adenocarcinomas and 20 normal endometria, and Western blot was applied to analyze expression of HMGB1. Expression of HMGB1 was also detected in high, moderate and low grade endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (ECC-1, HEC-1-a and KLE) by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results     Positive expression rates of HMGB1 were 80.00% (96/120) and 66.67% (30/45) in endometrial adenocarcinoma and atypical hyperplasia endometria, respectively, which were significantly higher than 5.00% (1/20) in normal endometria. The positive expression rate of HMGB1 was significantly correlated with invasion, metastasis and operative-pathological staging of human endometrial adenocarcinoma (P<0.05), while it showed no significant correlation with the grade (P>0.05). Expression of HMGB1 was positive in ECC1, HEC-1-a and KLE cells with immunohistochemistry and Western blot, while the difference in expression level was not significant. Conclusion     Over-expression of HMGB1 may play an important role in carcinogenesis and development of endometrial adenocarcinoma.

    Comparison of values of the area ratio and the Itoh scoring system with  sonoelastography in the diagnosis of breast lesions
    XIAO Jing, LI Jie, SHI Dan-dan,WANG Meng, ZHANG Kai-ning, LI Hai-ying, ZHOU Wei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  149-151. 
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    Objective     To compare values of the area ratio and the Itoh scoring system with sonoelastography in the diagnosis of breast lesions. Methods       Forty-eight patients with 56 lesions were included in the study. The lesions were scored with the Itoh scoring system. By the area ratio measurement equipped with the ultrasonic machine, the area ratio of the lesion was calculated, with 1.1 being the cut-off point of benign and malignant lesions. According to pathological diagnosis, diagnostic performances of the 2 methods were evaluated with the Chi-square test. Results     The accuracy was 87.5% for the area ratio, 82.1% for the Itoh scoring system, and 92.8% for combined imaging. The diagnostic performance of the area ratio was similar to the Itoh scoring system (P>0.05). Conclusion      Area ratio with sonoelastography is helpful in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. When area ratio and the Itoh scoring system are combined, the diagnostic accuracy of breast lesions is improved.

    Effect of the mesh paddle on the quality of ultrasound images in a dual-modality breast imaging system
    SHI Dan-dan, LI Jie, XIAO Jing, WANG Meng, ZHANG Kai-ning
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  152. 
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    Objective      To evaluate the mesh paddle as a substitute for the conventional paddle on the quality of the ultrasound image in a dual-modality breast imaging system. Methods     Gray scale and color Doppler images were obtained through the mesh paddle and TPX paddle in 43 solid breast masses in 41 patients. The contrast, contrastto-noise ratio (CNR) and signal strength of images were analyzed through different paddles. Flow signals were analyzed by calculating the number of color pixels in the color box. Results     There were significant differences in contrast, CNR and signal strength between the mesh paddle and TPX paddle(P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). In the 22 masses displaying flow signals in direct-contact scans, the display rate of flow signals through the mesh and TPX paddles was 100% and 40.91%, respectively. Compared with the mesh paddle, the number of color pixels for TPX paddle apparently decreased(P<0.001). Conclusion     The mesh paddle can improve ultrasound image quality, reduce acoustic attenuation and increase display rates of flow signals in the color Doppler mode in the dual-modality system.

    Levels of the antibody to swine-origin influenza A(H1N1) virus in the  population under 18 years in Henan Province  
    SENG Ming-hua, JIANG Hong-li, FENG Xiu-hong, GUO Yong-hao, ZHANG Xiao-xiao, GUO Wan-shen, FAN Jun-xing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2011, 49(6):  155. 
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    Objective      To detect levels of the antibody to swine-origin influenza A(H1N1) virus in the population under 18 years in Henan Province, and to provide data for a new preventive policy on swineorigin influenza A(H1N1) virus. Methods      A total of 2020 residents under 18 years, involved in a research program of the Ministry of Health named as  “Cross-sectional study of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) influenza infection situation”,  were surveyed and a blood test with routine micro-hem agglutination inhibition test was done. Results      The positive rate of the antibody in the population under 18 years was 29.60%, and the rates in the three age groups were 45.70%(1318 years), 25.67%(7-12 years) and 23.71%(0-6 years), respectively. There were statistically significant differences among the three groups(χ2=80.07, P<0.01). Positive rates of the antibody in the three areas showed differences(35.47% in the provincial capital, 36.00% in other cities and 23.67% in the rural area). The positive rate of the antibody in the vaccinated population (63.89%) was significantly higher than in the unvaccinated population(25.91%)(χ2=117.18, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between people with symptoms of influenzalike illness(ILI) and people without(χ2=0.75, P>0.01). Conclusion       Levels of the antibody to swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus are low in the population under 18 years in Henan Province. Strengthening vaccination and improving treatment of children are recommended strategies for swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus control and prevention.