Journal of Shandong University (Health Sciences)

Effect of Reserpine on VMAT2CHO cells to resist toxicity of Dopamine and Rotenone

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 1-3.

Abstract ( 1078 )

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To study the effect of Reserpine on VMAT2 transgenic CHO(VMAT2CHO) cells to resist Dopamine and Rotenone toxicity. MethodsMTT assay was used to detect viability of VMAT2CHO with different concentrations of Rotenone and Dopamine, and FCM was used to determine reactive oxygen species of the cytoplasm with different concentrations of Dopamine. ResultsThe result indicated that viability of VMAT2CHO was decreased with an increase of concentrations of rotenone. ROS was increased with an increase of concentrations of Dopamine. Reserpine could raise toxicity of Dopamine, which decreased the viability of VMAT2CHO and ROS was increased by the same concentration of Dopamine. ConclusionEndogenous toxin triggered by inhibition of VMAT2 may have its effect through oxidative stresses. Endogenous toxicity triggered by Dopamine may raise toxicity of Rotenone.

Variation of PI3K signal transduction pathway relative protein in SAMP10（senescence accelerated mice/prone 10）and effect of APP17 peptide

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 4-8.

Abstract ( 943 )

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To investigate effects of APP17 peptides (βAmyloid precursor protein, APP, 319335 peptide fragment) on SAMP10(senescence accelerated mice/prone 10) learning memorizing, hippocampus tissue antioxidase activity, and the PI3K signal transduction pathway proteins in mice. MethodLearning and memorizing variations were observed by a water maze test, malonaldehyde(MDA) contents in oxidized lipid degradation products were determined using the hydroxylamine and barbituric acid(TBA) method, erythrocuperin(SOD) activity using an xanthine oxidase method， and the PI3K signal transduction pathway proteins using immunohistochemical staining. Results(1)Water maze results showed that evident learning and memorizing dysfunction existed in the model group. Ethological dysfunction in the APP17 peptide treatment group， which had no apparent differences compared with the normal controls， was evidently slighter than that in the model group. (2) SOD activity of mice hippocampus neurocyte mitochondria in the model group was manifestly degraded (P<0.01)，and MDA contents were markedly elevated compared with the normal controls (P<0.01). SOD activity was higher in the APP17 peptide treatment group than in the model group (P<0.05)，whereas MDA contents were lower in the APP17 peptide treatment group than in the model group(P<0.01). (3)Immunohistochemistry results showed that positive staining cell population of the relative protein TrkA, Akt/PKB, and bcl2 in mice hippocampus neurocyte PI3K signal transduction pathway was respectively reduced by 63%, 50% and 45% compared with the control group (P<0.01). After APP17 peptide therapy, expression of the abovementioned proteins was evidently upregulated (P<0.05)；expressions of NGF and CREB had no apparent differences(P>0.05). ConclusionLearning dysmnesia, reduced hippocampus tissue antioxidase activity, increased free radical metabolic product contents and abnormalexpression of PI3K signal transduction pathway protein existed in SAMP10(senescence accelerated mice/prone 10), which can be partially rectified by APP17.

Plateletderived growth factorB mediates human glomerural mesangial cell extracellularmatrix excretion induced by endotelin1

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 9-12.

Abstract ( 908 )

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To explore the mediation pathway of human mesangial cell (HMC) extracellular matrix (ECM) excretion induced by ET1. MethodsMesangial cells were cultured in DMEM medium with or without ET1. Collagen type IV (Col IV) and fibronectin (Fn) in the supernatant were detected by enzymelinked immumoadsorbent assay (ELISA), expression of plateletderived growth factorB (PDGFB) mRNA was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain response (RTPCR), and expression of the protein synthesis of PDGFB was determined by Westernblot. Results① After ET1 stimulation, compared with the control, Col IV and Fn in the supernatant were increased, PDGFB mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated（P<0.05）, and RG50864 prevented ET1induced ECM secretion（P<0.05）, but had no effect on PDGFB expression. ② Losartan could decrease the PDGFB mRNA and protein expressions, and partly prevented ET1induced ECM secretion（P<0.05）. Conclusions ① ET1 is able to stimulate HMC to synthesize and secrete ECM and PDGFB, the ECM secretion induced by ET1 may be partially mediated by PDGFB. ② Losartan can inhibit ET1induced ECM secretion by affecting expression of PDGFB.

RNA interference inhibits VEGF expression in retinoblastoma cells: an experimental study

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 13-15.

Abstract ( 1112 )

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To explore the possibility of VEGF as a therapeutic target for retinoblastoma, we employed RNA interference to inhibit VEGF expression in retinoblastoma cells. MethodsSiRNA oligo of VEGF was synthesized and transfected into retinoblastoma cells. VEGF mRNA expression and protein content were respectively determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR) and Western blot. Retinoblastoma cell proliferation was detected by MTT reduction assay. ResultsVEGF mRNA expression and protein content were significantly decreased by VEGFtargeted siRNA. MTT reduction assay showed that the inhibition ratio was 40%. ConclusionVEGFtargeted siRNA can effectively inhibit expression of VEGF in retinoblastoma cells.

Mechanism of nAChRα7 in treatment of bronchial asthma by a conditioned immune response

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 16-20.

Abstract ( 1150 )

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To explore the effect of nAChRα7 on bronchial asthma by conditioned immune response(CIR) and to explore its mechanism. MethodsAn experimental asthma model was reproduced in healthy BALB/C mice(female,46weeks old)by sensitization and stimulation with OVA. All mice were randomly divided into 7 groups: CIR1(A)group, CIR2(B) group, conventional therapy(C) group, low dose conventional therapy(D) group, noise(E) group, SAC(F) group, and blank control(G) group. All the groups were stimulated with OVA at 1 hour after treatments once a day. In the healthy group(H) PBS was used for 20 weeks. After 20 weeks therapy， bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was taken for counting EOS; Spleens were taken to obtain CD4+ T lymphocytes and expression of neuronal acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 (nAChRα7)， IL4 and IFNγ were determined by flow cytometry; The lungs were taken to observe the pathologic changes by the HE and MASSON staining. Results① Expressions of nAChRα7 and IL4 were much lower, and IFNγ was much higher in groups A,B and C than those in group G（P＜0.01）,　but no differences were found among groups A,B and C（P＞0.05）. nAChRα7 was positively correlated with Il4（r=0.76，P＜0.01） and negatively correlated with IFNγ（r=-0.69，P＜0.01）. ② Epithelium much thicker, lumens were much narrower, and inflammatory cells were much more in groups D, E， F and G than those in group H,and after treatment,groups A, B and C were improved.ConclusionBy downregulating nAChRα7 expression ih the CD4+ T lymphocytes,　CIR can be used to treat asthma.

Effect of negative pressure in the pharyngooral cavity on lymphatic circulation

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 21-23.

Abstract ( 1040 )

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To investigate the effect of negative pressure in the pharyngooral cavity on lymphatic circulation, and look for a new way to improve lymphatic circulation. MethodsMake negative pressure in the pharyngooral cavity of rabbits, then inject dye in the end of the four limbs and ear, record the time when the dye reach to the observation site. Compare the difference between the experiment groups and the control groups, then observe the effect of negative pressure in the pharyngooral cavity on lymphatic circulation. ResultsThe time of the experiment groups is less than that of the control groups. ConclusionNegative pressure in the pharyngooral cavity can improve lymphatic circulation.

Low mechanical index grayscale contrast enhancement in rabbit hepatic vein and inferior vena cava

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 24-26.

Abstract ( 1173 )

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To study the dynamic enhancement changes of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic vein with grayscale contrast enhancement and to explore its clinical value. MethodsAn in vivo animal model was studied using low mechanical index (MI) in conjunction with dynamic contrastenhanced sonography. SonoVueTM(0.1?mL/kg) was applied in 13 normal and 16 VX2bearing rabbits by intravenous bolus injection. Corresponding parameters of the timeintensity curve: time to enhancement (ET) and time to peak intensity (PIT) were measured using low MI contrast grayscale imaging and Washin/Washout time intensity curve software in 8 normal rabbits. ResultsLow MI grayscale imaging clearly delineated the dynamic enhancement of IVC and the hepatic vein during the whole phase. After contrast agent injection, IVC and the hepatic vein were significantly enhanced and the display intensity rapidly increased to a peak level because of reflush of the right atrium. There were significant differences of parameters of the timeintensity curve between IVC and hepatic parenchyma (P＜0.001). The ET and PIT were earlier in IVC than in hepatic parenchyma. After reflush of the right atrium, echogenicity of the surrounding liver tissues increased and the intensity of IVC and the hepatic vein markedly decreased. Then, IVC and the hepatic vein displayed a slight enhancement again because of a small amount of bubbles coming from the liver sinus during the later phase. ConclusionsDynamic contrastenhanced sonography with a low MI level could provide a realtime and continuous enhancement in images of IVC and of the hepatic vein during the whole phase, which may be useful for diagnosis of IVC and hepatic vein diseases.

Effect of estrogen replacement therapy in an early phase on atherosclerosis in ovariectomized rabbits

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 27-31.

Abstract ( 1079 )

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To study the effect of estrogen replacement therapy(ERT) in an early phase on atherosclerosis in ovariectomized rabbits. MethodsThirtysix female New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups: the shamoperation group(group A ), the control group(group B), and the estrogen group(group C). Twelve rabbits were ovariectomized and treated with Estradiol Valerate 2?mg/week in the estrogen group, and twelve rabbits were ovariectomized and treated with a placebo in the control group. All rabbits were given a hypercholesterolemic diet (1.5% cholesterol) after the operations for12 weeks. Blood was collected from the femoral artery for plasma lipid analysis, and the aorta were prepared for morphologic and immunohistochemcial analysis. The aortic root (5?mm) was cut and prepared for paraffin sections. The intima/media (I/M) ratio was observed by HE, and contents of collage fiber were observed using picric acidsirius red staining techniques, positive percentage of macrophage cells was measured using immunohistochemistry in cross sections. The ratio of atherosclerotic plaque area/aortic wall surface in the rest of the aorta was measured using oil red staining in longitudinal sections. ResultsEither the Intima/media ratioor the ratio of atherosclerotic plaque area/aortic wall surface in groups A and C was significantly less than in group B (P＜0.01), and the positive percentage of macrophage cells in groups A and C was also significantly less than in group B (P＜0.01), but there were more collage fibers in the atherosclerotic plaque in group C than in groups A and B (P＜0.05). ConclusionEarly estrogen replacement therapy can improve blood lipid metabolism and reduce the number of macrophages in the plaque, and increases plaque collagen fiber contents, plaque stability, and inhibits atherosclerosis progression in ovariectomized rabbits.

Construction and identification of recombinant plasmid expressing NT4TAT6×HisVHLβ fusion peptide

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 32-36.

Abstract ( 902 )

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The specific amino acid sequence(104123) in βdomain of pVHL is sufficient to inhibit the growth and invasion of renal cell carcinoma（RCC）. To express this peptide for a gene therapy of RCC by using minigene, we constructed and identified the recombinant plasmid expression box, including NT4 signal peptide, tag and cell penetrating peptides. MethodsBy means of asymmetrical primer/template, fragments encoding βdomain of pVHL(the VHL gene product) and TAT6×His were gained, which included Nae I/Eco72I and Eco72I/BamH I restriction enzyme sites. Then the fragments were cloned into vector pGEMT easy. The positive clone was identified by restriction enzymes, and then the cloned amplified fragments were sequenced by a dideoxymediated chaintermination method. The cloned TAT6×HisVHLβ cDNA was compared with the GeneBank sequence by DNASIS. After being digested by Nae I and BamH I, the TAT6×HisVHLβ cDNA fragment was cloned into recombinant vector pBV220NT4, which was also digested by Nae I and BamH I. The constructed recombinant plasmid pBV220NT4TAT6×HisVHLβ was obtained. ResultsThe sequences of TAT6×His and VHLβ cDNA artificially synthesized and analyzed by digestion were consistent with the published results. After analyzing ORF of the cloned TAT6×HisVHLβ cDNA by DNASIS, we found that amino acids encoded by the cloned TAT6×HisVHLβ cDNA were also identical to the published results. ConclusionThe recombinant plasmid expressing TAT cell penetrating peptides and βdomain of pVHL was constructed. Then prokaryotic expressive vector pBV220NT4TAT6×HisVHLβ was constructed by a routine molecular biological method. These results lay a foundation for further research of fusion gene to treat RCC.

Correlation of Cathepsin D expression to chemosensitivity of human lymphoma cell lines Raji to Adriamycin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 37-39.

Abstract ( 1149 )

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To investigate expression of Cathepsin D in human lymphoma cell lines Raji and to explore its correlation with Raji cell proliferation and chemosensitivity to Adriamycin(ADM). MethodsExperimental logarithmic phase Raji cells were divided into 5 groups: the blank control group, the Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control group, the Pepstatin A treated group, the ADM treated group, and the Pepstatin A+ADM treated group. Western blot was performed to determine expression of Cathepsin D in Raji cells before and after being treated by ADM. The ADMsensitivity of Raji cells treated by Pepstatin A was analyzed by MTT assay. ResultsCathepsin D was expressed in Raji cells. Compared with the blank control group, Cathepsin D expression was reduced both in the Pepstatin A treated group and in the Pepstatin A+ADM treated group (P<0.05), while it was increased in the ADM treated group (P<0.05). MTT showed that Raji cell proliferation was not affected by Pepstatin A, but Raji cell proliferation was inhibited and the proliferative rate in the ADM treated group was significantly lower in the ADM treated group than in the Pepstatin A+ADM treated group. ConclusionIn the ADM treated group, Cathepsin D expression of Raji cells was increased and the inhibition rate of cell proliferation was significantly higher than that in the Pepstatin A+ADM treated group. Cathepsin D may be involved in the ADMmediated apoptosis of Raji cells and enhances its chemosensitivity to ADM.

Endovascula stent in combination with 125I seed implantation in treatment of superior vena cava obstruction caused by malignant tumors

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 40-43.

Abstract ( 1025 )

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To evaluate the clinical value of endovascula stent in combination 125Methods19 cases of superior vena cava obstruction syndrome induced by thoracic malignant tumors were subjected to 125ResultThe clinical symptoms of superior vena cava obstruction syndrome were obviously improved. ConclusionEndovascula stent in combination with 125

Association between polymorphism of the angiotensinconverting enzyme gene and the aldosterone synthase gene in pedigreed primary hypertension

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 44-48.

Abstract ( 1005 )

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To investigate the relationship between the angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) mutation and the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene C(-344)T single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) in pedigreed primary hypertension and pedigreed nomortension. MethodsA pedigree based casecontrol study was conducted using PCR and PCRRELP techniques to explore the relationship between ACE I/D mutation and CYP11B2 C(-344)T SNP and primary hypertension in 123 pedigrees, 450 subjects. ResultsThe DD genotype and D allele frequencies of the ACE gene in the first and second generation of the hypertension pedigree group were higher than those in the nomortension pedigree group. There were significant differences between the two groups(P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the TT genotype of the CYP11B2 gene between the hypertension pedigree group and the nomortension pedigree group(P＜0.05), also there were significant differences in the TT genotype between every generation respectively in the two groups(P＜0.05), and there were significant differences in T allele frequencies between every generation respectively in the two groups(P＜0.05). The TT genotype and T allele frequencies of the CYP11B2 gene in the hypertension pedigree group, which had synergistic action with ACE I/D polymorphism, werehigher than those in the nomortension pedigree group (P＜0.05). ConclusionThere are significant differences in distribution of Dallele frequency of the ACE gene and Tallele frequency of the CYP11B2 gene between primary hypertension pedigrees and normotension pedigrees. There may be synergistic action between D and T alleles in pedigreed primary hypertension.

siRNA inhibits expression of Cystatin C in human vascular smooth muscle cells and effects expression of Cathepsin S

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 49-53.

Abstract ( 916 )

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To evaluate the effect of small interference RNA(siRNA) on Cystatin C in human vascular smooth muscle cells and its effect on expression of Cathepsin S. MethodssiRNA targeting Cystatin C was constructed by an online design of Ambion company and transfected into human vascular smooth muscle cells. The nontransfected cells and cells treated with the control siRNA served as controls. mRNA and protein expressions of Cystatin C were detected by RTPCR and Western blot respectively. Compared with the nontransfected cells, cells treated with control siRNA and cells highly expressing Cystatin C, the mRNA and protein expressions of Cathepsin S in cells treated with control siRNA whose interfering rate was the highest were detected by RTPCR and Western blot respectively. ResultsAt 24hour posttransfection, mRNA and protein expressions of Cystatin C were efficiently inhibited in siRNA treated cells compared with the control cells(P<0.01), especially in siRNA2 treated cells. mRNA and protein expressions of Cathepsin S were significantly increased in the siRNA treated group compared with the other three groups (P<0.01). ConclutionsiRNA in vitro transcription can inhibit Cystatin C gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells, which may effect expression of Cathepsin S.

DNA damage of vascular endothelial cells caused by the serum of patients with hypertension diseases

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 54-56.

Abstract ( 1045 )

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To explore the mechanism of endothelial vascular cell(EVC) damage caused by the serum in patients with hypertension disease and to explore its relation to the genesis and development of essential hypertension (EH). MethodsEVCs were divided into the EH group, the healthy group and the blank group, and each group was respectively subjected to 15% of the serum of patients with hypertension disease, 15% of the serum of healthy persons, and 100% DMEM for 48?h. Injury of DNA was determined by single cell gel electrophoresis, content of MDA in damaged cells was measured by thlobarbiturie acid and activity of SOD was measured by the xanthosine oxidase method. ResultsThe data were analyzed by SPSS11.0. Compared with the healthy group and the blank group, cells of the EH group had remarkable DNA damage, increased MDA and decreased SOD activities. ConclusionDamage factors in the serum of EH patients may cause DNA damage of EVC, and the damage may be related to the occurrence and development of EH.

Relationship between cytochrome P450 enzyme 2E1，glutathione Stransferase theta 1 genetic polymorphisms and nonHodgkin lymphoma susceptibility

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 57-60.

Abstract ( 1234 )

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To explore the relationship between cytochrome P450 enzyme 2E1(CYP2E1), glutathione Stransferase theta 1(GSTT1) genetic polymorphism and individual susceptibility to nonHodgkin lymphoma (NHL). MethodsCYP2E1 genotypes were detected by the polymerase chain reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism（PCRRFLP） technique in 254 patients with NHL and 254 healthy controls. GSTT1 genotypes were detected with the polymerase chain reaction（PCR）　technique in the two groups. ResultsCYP2E1 gene polymorphisms were not statistically different between controls and patients with NHL(P>0.05). Frequencies of GSTT1 null genotypes were significantly increased in the NHL group compared with the control group (48.0% vs 37.8%, P<0.05). In subtype analysis, individuals carrying the GSTT1 null genotype had a 1.78fold risk of diffuse large Bcell lymphoma(DLBCL) (95% CI: 1.122.82, P=0.02) and a 1.69fold risk of follicular lymphoma (FL)（95%CI: 1.032.77, P=0.04）compared with the wild genotype. Combined genotype analysis showed that individuals carrying the CYP2E1wild genotype and GSTT1 null genotype had a 1.83fold risk of NHL(95%CI:1.14  2.95，P=0.01). ConclusionGSTT1 polymorphism may be an independent risk factor of NHL. CYP2E1 wildtype in combination with GSTT1 nulltype further increases the incidence of NHL.

Metastases associated with proteins in breast cancer by proteomics

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 61-64.

Abstract ( 1156 )

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To screen the associated proteins of breast cancer which have axillary lymph node metastases. Methods20 specimens of fresh breast cancer tissues were collected and classified into two groups with and without lymph node metastases, with 10 cases in each group. Proteins were extracted from these specimens and separated by 2DPAGE. Distinct protein spots were selected for mass spectrometry. Stathmin and Ezrin protein expression was assayed by an immunohistochemical SP method in 72 breast cancer cases. Results214 protein spots were identified.36 proteins with at least 3.0fold of differential expression were identified after collagen protein, serum albumin and identical proteins which were caused by electrophoresis dispersion were eliminated. Immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rate of Stathmin and Ezrin proteins was 73.5%, 47.4%, 78.6%, and 46.9% in breast cancer with and without lymph node metastases. Differences of the two sets had statistical significance (P＜0.05). ConclusionThere are many distinct proteins between breast cancer with and without lymph node metastases. Stathmin and Ezrin may be involved in the process of progression and metastasis of breast cancer.

Expressions of Cyclooxygenase2 mRNA and Heparanase mRNA in renal cell carcinoma

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 65-69.

Abstract ( 972 )

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Fluorogenic quantitative RTPCR method in detection of organic anion transporting polypeptide(OATP B and OATPD)mRNA expressions

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 70-73.

Abstract ( 977 )

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To establish a fluorogenic quantitative RTPCR (FQRTPCR) method for determining expressions of OATPB and OATPDmRNA, and to investigate expressions of OATPB and OATPDmRNA in lung neoplasms and nrmal lung tissues. MethodsThe OATP PCR product was subcloned into the PGEMT vector to construct recombinant plasmids. After optimizing the thermocycling conditions, a quantitative RTPCR assay was successfully developed to quantify OATP expression on the LineGene realtime PCR detection system, which was confirmed by 40 samples of lung cancer and normal lung tissues. ResultsThe standard curve was successfully established, and the linear regression value was0.998. Using FQRTPCR, we can get an accurate quantitative result of the OATPB and OATPDmRNA expressions. Moreover, expression levels of OATPB and OATPDmRNA in lung neoplasms were higher than those in normal lung tissues. ConclusionFQRTPCR for detecting expressions of OATPB and OATPDmRNA was sucessfully established, and is accurate and sensible.

Musculoskeletal metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis by 31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla in vivo

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 74-77.

Abstract ( 1033 )

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To explore the value of in vivo 31phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31PMRS) in detection of musculoskeletal metabolism for patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods31PMRS scanning with a single voxel on thigh skeletal muscle was carried out in 31 patients with liver cirrhosis and in 30 normal cases. Intracellular pH value (pHi) and some metabolic parameters including phosphomonoester (PME), phosphodiester (PDE), inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphocreatine (PCr), γATP, βATP, αATP, and the ratios of Pi/ATP, PCr/ATP, PCr/PME, PCr/PDE, PCr/Pi, PME/ATP, PME/PDE, PME/Pi, PDE/ATP, and PDE/Pi were calculated. Influences of liver cirrhosis and ChildPugh stage on skeletal muscle were analyzed. Results31PMRS showed an increase of PME, PCr, βATP, PME/PDE, and Pcr/PDE in liver cirrhosis patients when compared with the controls, whereas the PDE/ATP was the reverse(P<0.05). The musculoskeletal pHi in ChildPugh stage A, B and C was 7.18±0.10, 7.20±0.10, and 7.41±0.08, respectively, and in PME/PDE was 0.57±0.26, 0.68±0.24, and 1.16±0.24 respectively, which were statistically different (P<0.05). No differences in others parameters were found (P>0.05). Conclusion31PMRS may be used to noninvasively evaluate abnormal musculoskeletal metabolism caused by liver cirrhosis, and the musculoskeletal pHi and PME/PDE increase with the ChildPugh stage.

PAR index in evaluation of the treatment outcome of different techniques

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 78-80.

Abstract ( 911 )

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To evaluate the effects of the Damon technique, Smart Clip technique and MBT technique in nonextraction samples using the peer assessment rating (PAR) index. Methods90 cases were selected to assess pretreatment and posttreatment dental casts. Based on the same pretreatment PAR score, samples were divided into three groups, each had 30 cases. The data were statistically analyzed. ResultsThe posttreatment PAR score of the anterior tooth alignment in the Damon group was a little bit higher than in the other two groups. There were no significant differences in other PAR scores. The treatment period of the Damon group was shorter than that of the MBT group by 4.36 months, and of the Smart Clip group was longer than that of the MBT group by 2.65 months. ConclusionThe Damon technique, Smart Clip technique and MBT technique produced the same treatment results, but the treatment period was different.

Expression of the killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor in deciduas of unexplained first trimester spontaneous abortion

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 81-84.

Abstract ( 944 )

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To investigate mRNA and protein expressions of a killer cell immunoglobulinlike receptor(KIR) 2DL1 in deciduas of unexplained first trimester spontaneous abortion. MethodsExpressions of KIR2DL1 mRNA and protein in deciduas of unexplained first trimester spontaneous abortion and normal first trimester pregnant women were determined by SYBR Green I realtime quantitative retroverse polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and Western blotting methods. Results① Expression of the KIR2DL1 mRNA in deciduas of the abortion group was less frequently than that of the control group (90.00% vs 96.67%, P＞0.05); Expressive quantity of the KIR2DL1 mRNA was lower in deciduas of the abortion group compared with that of the control group(P＞0.05). ② Expression of the KIR2DL1 protein in deciduas of the abortion group was less frequent than that of the control group (86.67% vs 93.33%, P＞0.05). Expressive quantity of the KIR2DL1 protein in deciduas of the abortion group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05). ConclusionDepressed expression of KIR2DL1 may correlate with occurrence of unexplained first trimester spontaneous abortion.

Artery atheromatous plaques in newly diagnosed type 2diabetic patients and its correlated risk factors

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 85-88.

Abstract ( 1034 )

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To investigate the incidence of artery plaques in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and its correlated risk factors. MethodsBmode ultrasound was used for screening for plaques located in the common carotid artery, common iliac artery or femoral artery. Based on thickness of IMT, patients were divided into two groups: 425 patients without plaques（IMT≤1.3?mm）and 113 patients with artery plaques（IMT＞1.3?mm）. Furthermore, differences of age, sex, waistline, BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, 2hBG, HbA1c, HOMAIR, TG, TC, LDLC and HDLC between the two groups were calculated and subsequently analyzed. ResultsIncidence of artery plaques in these newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients was 28.6%. The IMT thickness of the common carotid artery, common iliac artery or femoral artery in patients without artery plaques was (0.74±0.17)mm, (0.74±0.15)mm or (0.74±0.17)mm. However, in patients with artery plaques, the corresponding data was (0.91±0.23)mm, (0.94±0.21)mm and (0.88±0.22)mm. A significant difference in mean values of intimamedia thickness was observed between patients with artery plaques and the controls（P<0.05）. By multivariate logistic regression performed on the overall series of subjects, independent risk predictors of artery plaques were age, systolic blood pressure and TG. ConclusionPrevalence of plaques in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is high, suggesting that dysfunction of glucose metabolism or lipid metabolism plays an important role in the development of artherosclerosis.

Improvement and application of comparative genomic hybridization in prenatal diagnosis

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 89-92.

Abstract ( 1026 )

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To create a useful comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) for prenatal diagnosis. Methods5 pregnancies with abnormal cytogenetic results and 11 pregnancies with malformed infants were enrolled in this study. Sample DNA and control DNA were labeled with Spectrum Green dUTP and SpectrumRed dUTP respectively using the nick translation kit. Simultaneously, fluorochromeexchanged CGH was designed. Sample DNA was labeled with SpectrumRed dUTP and genomic DNA was labeled with SpectrumGreen. The karyotyping was performed based on the DAPI banding pattern. A fluorescence intensity ratio (FR) profile was calculated after background correction and normalization of the green to red ratio for each metaphase to 1.0. Trisomies or partial chromosome gains were defined as FR＞1.25. Monosomies or partial chromosome losses were defined as FR＜0.75. ResultsEach sample was successfully analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities by CGH comparing with conventional cytogenetic analyses. Karyotype of a stillborn fetus was Del (4)q32qter by CGH, while only 4q distal losses were identified by conventional cytogenetic analyses. ConclusionsExchanging labeled fluorochrome can reduce inconsistencies in the results caused by deviations in the process of DNA labeling and hybridization, and can be a useful and necessary supplement for conventional cytogenetic analysis.

Mifepristone modulates the function of TGFβ/smads signal transduction pathway in early pregnant chorionic villi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 93-95.

Abstract ( 892 )

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To investigate the effect of mifepristone on the function of transforming growth factor β signal transduction in chorionic villi and the molecular mechanism of mifepristone inducing abortion. MethodsEarly pregnant chorionic villi were obtained from the surgical aspiration group(n=13) and the mifepristone inducing abortion group(n=20). Expression of smad7 which was the targeting gene of the TGFβ/smads signal transduction pathway in chorionic villi was determined by immunohistochemical staining with specific antibody and RTPCR. Mean optic density and density scale were anzlyzed. ResultsMean optic density of Smad7 in chorionic villi in the mifepristone inducing abortion group(0.346?6±0.046?9) was statistically higher than that in the surgical aspiration group(0.233?7±0.065?7)(P<0.01). Also, density scale of smad7mRNA in chorionic villi in the mifepristone inducing abortion group(0.561?7±0.410?3) was statistically higher than that in the surgical aspiration group(0.222?2±0.244?1)(P<0.02). ConclusionMifepristone can upregulate the function of the TGFβ/smads signal transduction pathway and expression of targeted genes, such as plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, affect migration and evasion of tropholast cells, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms for termination of early pregnancy by this drug.

Associations between serum levels of trace elements and breast cancer

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 96-98.

Abstract ( 1110 )

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Expression of human leukocyte antigenG in ovarian malignant tumor tissues

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 99-102.

Abstract ( 894 )

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To evaluate expression of human leukocyte antigenG (HLAG ),an important immunosuppressive molecule, in ovarian malignant tumor tissues and to explore its clinical significance. MethodsHLAG expression in 36 benign ovarian tumor tissues and 45 primary ovarian malignant tumor tissues were analyzed using SP immunohistochemical method with the antiHLAG monoclonal antibody 4H84. Also, we used RTPCR to determine expression of HLAG mRNA in fresh ovarian malignant and benign ovarian tumor tissues. Results①HLAG expression was detected in 30/45(66.67%) primary ovarian malignant tumor tissues and 4/36(11.11%) benign ovarian tumor tissues by an immunohistochemical method, and it was obviously higher in ovarian malignant tissues than in benign ovarian tumor tissues(P＜0.01). ② HLAG expression was significantly different among ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma，mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma（P＜0.05). However, it was not significantly associated with age, tumor stage, grade and lymph node metastasis. ③HLAG mRNA was revealed in ovarian malignant tumor tissues by RTPCR analysis but was not detected in benign ovarian tumor tissues and ovarian tumorlike lesions. ConclusionHLAG mRNA and HLAG protein are ectopically expressed in ovarian malignant tumor tissues, which indicate that immunosuppression plays an important role in occurrence and development of ovarian cancer cells.

ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lens

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 103-106.

Abstract ( 1510 )

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To evaluate the clinical effect of the ReSTOR multifocal intraocular lens. Metheods30 agerelated cataract patients (sixty eyes) were divided into two groups with the same standard.All patients accepted phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.15 patients were bilaterally implanted with the Alcon ReSTOR stepprogressivediffraction foldable multifocal IOL（MIOL）and 15 with Alcon Nature bluefilter foldable monofocal IOL（SIOL）. Distance visual acuity, near visual acuity and depth of focus were observed postoperatively at day l and 30. Binocular vision functions including contrast sensitivity (CS)and stereopsis acuity were determined postoperatively at day 30. Also, visual quality and postoperative satisfactory were evaluated by questionaires. ResultsAll patients had good distance visual acuity postoperatively.The MIOL group was better than the SIOL group in uncorrected near visual acuity. MIOL could provide 4.50?D amplitude of functional vision.CS in the MIOL group was lower than in the SIOL group, particularly at 3 cycles per degree, but no one complained about it. In the MIOL group， 80% of the patients had a 60?s or less of near stereopsis acuity with an uncorrected near visual acuity.In the SIOL group， no one had the same level（χ2=26.28，P<0.05）. In the MIOL group, 93.33% of the patients had a 60?s or less of near stereopsis acuity with corrected near visual acuity, while in the SIOL group, 33.33% of them had the same level（χ2=12.59，P<0.05）. Between the two groups，there were no statistical differences in distance stereopsis acuity. In the MIOL group, 80% of the patients achieved total spectacle independence. ConclusionThe ReSTOR multifocal IOL provides a satisfactory full range of vision and binocular vision function.

Application of diversiform periost postauricular composite flaps in mastoid obliteration operations

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 107-110.

Abstract ( 961 )

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To explore the effects of diversiform periost postauricular composite flaps in the canal wall downmastoidectomy. Methods216 ears with chronic otitis media underwent a canal wall downmastoidectomy. The cavity of the mastoid process was packed with periost postauricular composite flaps. Results92.6% of the patients were followed up from 1.5 to 4 years．216 ears (100％) were healed without discharges.126 cases receiving tympanoplasty had improved linguistic frequency auditory threshold of AC, BC and airbone gap half a year after the operations. 1 case of cholesteatoma recurred but was cured after the second operation． ConclusionPeriost postauricular composite flap is effective in reducing or eliminating the mastoid cavity in mastoid obliteration operations.

Relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and SERPINE2 polymorphism

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 111-114.

Abstract ( 1049 )

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To explore the relationship between SERPINE2 polymorphisms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（ COPD）related phenotypes and to investigate the mechanism of COPD. Methods100 patients with COPD served as the experimental group and 100 healthy people as the control group. In the present study, we genotyped the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from SERPINE2 by special allele multiprobe technology and identified its gene type. The casecontrol data were analyzed using a chisquare test and correlation analysis. ResultSNP rs6734100 had no significant association with COPD. ConclusionSERPINE2 is not a COPD susceptibility gene in the Han population.

Effect of glutamine enhanced enteral nutrition on stress status and immune function of patients with severe craniocerebral injury

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 115-116.

Abstract ( 971 )

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To evaluate the influence of glutamine (Glu) enriched enteral nutrition(EN) on stress status and immune function under severe brain injuries. Methods72 patients with severe brain injury were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. Glutamine enriched enteral nutrition(EN) was given to the experimental group and protein powder enriched enteral nutrition(EN) was given to the control group with equal calorie and equal nitrogen using continuous infusion pump uniform of the nasal feeding methods through a noseduodenal tube. Blood was drawn from a vein after 2 weeks and changes of stress status(C3, C4, and CRP) and immune function(CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, IgA, IgG, and IgM) were evaluated. ResultsAt the end of the experiment, levels of C3, C4, and CRP of the experimental group were lower than those before the experiment and lower than those of the control group with significant differences. Levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+, IgA, and IgG of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group and those before the experiment with significant differences. There were no significant statistical differences of CD8+ between the two groups. ConclusionsGlutamine enriched nutrition can effectively improve the stress status and immune function of the brain.

An investigation of mental health diathesis in adolescents

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 117-121.

Abstract ( 1192 )

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To investigate the situation and developmental trend of adolescent mental health diathesis and to explore the differences among students with different features. Methods419 adolescents were tested with the Adolescent Mental Health Diathesis Scale. Results① Scores of adaptability, relationship diathesis, dynamic system, cognitive style and coping style scales in Jinan adolescents were significantly higher than the norms of the whole country（P＜0.01）, but the score of self scale was significantly lower than the norm（P＜0.001）. ②　They were increased in Grade 2 junior school students, then gradually decreased, but tended to increase in Grade 3 senior school students or college students. ③　Except for the self scale, scores of other dimensions were significantly higher in boys than in girls（P＜0.001）, were higher in urban students than in rural students（P＜0.01）, were higher in students with an average or good family economic condition than in those with a welloff or poor economic condition, and were higher in those whose parents had a good educational background than in those whose parents had a poor educatoonal background. ConclusionIn general, state of adolescent mental health diathesis is good in Jinan. Different adolescents have diverse styles on scales and dimensions of mental health diathesis.

Removing organophosphorus pesticide residues from vegetables by different methods

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 122-124.

Abstract ( 1179 )

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To evaluate the efficiency of different methods for removing organophosphorus pesticide residues from vegetables. MethodsVegetables were contaminated with pesticide, and then treated by different organophosphorus pesticide removal methods. Pesticide residue of vegetables was detected for calculating the removal rate. ResultAfter being treated by different organophosphorus pesticide removal methods, the average removal rates of dichlorvos, omethoate and chlorpyrifos were 95.5%99.9%, 22.5%95.0%, and 51.7%94.6% in Chinese chive, and were 57.8%99.9%, 34.8%83.1%, and 28.0%73.6% in legumes. Organophosphorus pesticidedegrading enzyme for removal of dichlorvos was the most effective, with an average removal rate of 98.1%. Boiling water was the best method to degrade omethoate and chlorpyrifos, with average removal rates of 89.1% and 82.3%, respectively. ConclusionMethods often being used in our daily life could remove organophosphorus pesticide residues of vegetables in different degrees. To remove pesticide and retain nutrients, organophosphorus pesticidedegrading enzyme is the best.

Prediction of HBV multiepitope vaccines based on GIS in the population of China

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 125-132.

Abstract ( 1115 )

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To predict the theoretical responder status of HBV multiepitope vaccines in the Chinese population and to provide guidance for preparation and research of HBV multiepitope vaccines.　MethodsCumulative phenotypic frequency (CPF) of HBV multiepitope vaccines was calculated using Forecasting System of Theoretical Immune Response Rate of HLAAB Loci Restricted Multiepitope Vaccine in Chinese Population, and thus the theoretical responder status in the Chinese population was evaluated. ResultsThe theoretical responder status of HBV multiepitope vaccines whose HLAI restricted epitopes belonging to one supertype was low and belonging to different supertypes was comparatively high in the Chinese population. ConclusionThis research predicts the theoretical responder status of HBV multiepitope vaccines in the Chinese population. This helps to evaluate effects of vaccines with different combinations of HLAI restricted epitopes and shows new directions of HBV multiepitope vaccines.

Qualitative analysis on factors influencing popularization of the appropriate health technology in rural areas

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 133-135.

Abstract ( 852 )

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To analyze the influencing factors of popularizing appropriate health technology (AHT) in rural areas. MethodsData were collected through qualitative research methods, such as structured questionnaire survey, focus group discussion and indepth interview. ResultsProject organization and management, AHT holders, AHT itself, health service providers and demanders would influence the AHT popularization. ConclusionThe AHT work should be strengthened by 6 steps, including development, assessment, transfer, training, service delivery and receiving.

Preparation of the Wenxin capsule and its quality standard

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (HEALTH SCIENCES). 2009, 47(7): 136-140.

Abstract ( 1046 )

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To establish a preparation method and quality standard for the Wenxin capsule． MethodsThinlayer chromatography (TLC) was employed to identify Radix et Rhizoma Nardostachyos， Radix Codonopsis and Radix et Rhizoma Notoginseng． The contents of Ginsenoside Rg1 and Notoginsenoside R1 were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography． ResultsQuality control showed that identification by TLC was distinct and highly specific． The average recovery of Ginsenoside Rg1 was 96.07% with RSD at 0.33% and Notoginsenoside R1 was 95.98% with RSD at 0.56%． ConclusionHigh pressure liquid chromatography is easy，accurate and reproducible and can be used for quality control of this preparation．

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